Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
273
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
273-278
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In this article, effective methods of improving the physical fitness of 13-14-year-old track and field athletes were
studied. Based on the experimental approach, the results of game training and individual approach were analyzed.
The results of the study confirmed the high efficiency of new training methods in developing physical qualities such
as speed, endurance and strength. In the future, proposals are given for the wide implementation of these methods.
KEYWORDS
Athletics, physical training, game training, individual approach, young athletes.
INTRODUCTION
Currently, the involvement of the young generation in
physical education and sports, increasing their physical
potential, forming a healthy lifestyle is defined as one
of the priority directions in our country. In this regard,
the decision of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan No. PQ-5924 "On the development of mass
sports among young people and promotion of a
healthy lifestyle" was adopted. This decision serves as
a solid legal basis for the implementation of measures
to improve the physical fitness of young people,
including 13-14-year-old athletics. The relevance of this
research is determined by the development and
implementation of effective methods of increasing
physical fitness for athletes in the period of growth.
Because the div of athletes of this age undergoes a
rapid development process, there is a high possibility
of developing physical qualities such as flexibility,
speed and strength.
The main goal of the research is to develop innovative
methods aimed at improving the physical fitness of 13-
14-year-old athletes and to test their effectiveness in
practice.
Research Article
EFFECTIVE METHODS OF INCREASING THE PHYSICAL FITNESS OF 13-14-
YEAR-OLD ATHLETES
Submission Date:
December 15, 2024,
Accepted Date:
December 20, 2024,
Published Date:
December 30, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijp/Volume04Issue12-56
Sh.D.Jahongirov
Namangan State Pedagogical Institute, associate professor, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijp
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
274
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
273-278
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In the study, based on the experimental group, the
game approach and individual training methods, as
well as the possibilities of wide use of the sports
facilities and infrastructures specified in the
Presidential Decree are studied.
The results of this research help to develop physical
qualities in young people and serve to increase the
effectiveness of athletic training for them.
METHODOLOGY
In the study, a special experimental program was
developed and tested to improve the physical fitness
of 13-14-year-old track and field athletes. Participants
were divided into two groups: a control group and an
experimental group. 15 athletes participated in each
group. During the research, the sports infrastructure
specified in the decision of the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures to popularize
sports among young people and effective use of sports
facilities" No. PQ-5924 [1] was used. A new training
program was developed for the experimental group.
The following approaches were used in this program:
•Game training methods: Development of speed,
flexibility and balance through action games.
•Individual approach: customized exercise programs
based on the physical performance of each athlete.
Specific strength and speed training: Core strength
training and jumping exercises [4,5].
Evaluation criteria: Athletes' physical fitness indicators
were measured before and at the end of training.
Attention was paid to the following parameters:
• Speed: 30 meter run and measuring reaction time.
•Endurance: 800 meter running performance.
•Strength: Performance in high jump and shot put.
During the study, all processes were coordinated with
training sessions, and special attention was paid to the
prevention of injuries of athletes. Differences between
groups are determined by statistical analysis of the
results. A training plan suitable for experimental and
control groups for 13-14-year-old track and field
athletes
Table 1
Type of
training
control group
Experimental group
Target
Running
training
30-40 minutes
simple running
30-40 minutes interval
running
increasing
speed and
endurance
game training
Simple exercises
without game
elements
20 minutes of action games
(relay, relay)
Increasing
motivation
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
275
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
273-278
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
strength
training
simple pulling, light
weight lifting
Exercises that strengthen
physical qualities (throwing,
jumping)
improve
strength
Individual
training
Exercise based on a
group approach
Programs tailored to each
athlete's strengths and
weaknesses
Develop
personal skills
Final training
Light stretching
and breathing
exercises
Stretching exercises with
playful elements
Accelerate
recovery
Note: 1. Experimental group - includes new methods,
which increases the interest of athletes and helps to
improve physical training. 2. Control group - uses
traditional methods, which allows to compare the
effectiveness of experimental methods. This table
covers all stages of training and is the main tool to
demonstrate the effectiveness of the approaches used
in the study. A collection of methods used for 13-14-
year-old track and field athletes
Table 2
Types of methods
Application in practice
Purpose
Game trainings
Adding interesting elements to
the process of relays, action
games, distance running
Increase the motivation of
athletes and improve
balance
Individual approach
Development of a training
program suitable for individual
performance of each athlete
Elimination of physical
defects and development
of abilities
Interval training
High-intensity running exercises
for short distances to increase
speed and strength
Develop speed and
endurance together
strength training
Exercises such as throwing,
jumping, pulling and pushing
Increase muscle strength
and develop jumping
height
Endurance exercises
Running for distances of 800
meters and more
Development of general
and special endurance
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
276
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
273-278
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Types of methods
Application in practice
Purpose
Evaluation of
physical indicators
Running and jumping tests,
reaction and strength tests
Determining training
effectiveness and tracking
progress
RESULTS
The results of the study confirmed the effectiveness of
the methods used to improve the physical fitness of 13-
14-year-old track and field athletes. Significant
differences were observed between the participants of
the experimental group and the control group. Speed
measurements showed that the performance of
athletes in the experimental group for running 30
meters was 5.2 seconds at the beginning of the
training, and at the end of the training, this indicator
was reduced to 4.8 seconds. In the control group, the
changes remained minimal. During the endurance
tests, the athletes in the experimental group improved
by 7% from the initial performance in the 800-meter
run. This shows that their general endurance level has
increased with the help of special training methods.
Athletes in the experimental group on strength and
jumping ability were able to increase the distance of
the shot put by an average of 12%. In addition, it was
noted that the height of the jump increased by 6 cm.
Athletes in the control group had lower performance
changes than those in the experimental group. This
once again confirms the effectiveness of a special
program prepared on the basis of game training and an
individual approach. The results show that new
approaches and individual training methods for 13-14-
year-old track and field athletes can significantly
improve their physical fitness. Results of physical
training of 13-14-year-old track and field athletes
Table 3
Indicator type
Initial result
The final result of
the experimental
group
The final result
of the control
group
Change
(%)
Speed 30 m,
minutes
5,2
4,8
5,1
+7,7%
Endurance (800 m,
minutes )
3:40
3:25
3:37
+7,3%
Power (nuclear
launch, m)
8,5
9,6
8,8
+12,9%
Jump height (cm)
38
44
40
+15,8%
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
277
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
273-278
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Indicator type
Initial result
The final result of
the experimental
group
The final result
of the control
group
Change
(%)
Motivation rating
(on a 10-point
system
)
6,5
8,7
7,1
+33,8%
Notes: 1. Speed: A significant improvement was
observed in the experimental group with the help of
interval training. 2. Endurance: Long-distance running
and game training increased endurance. 3.Strength:
The core throwing and weight training exercises
produced a higher change in the experimental group.
4. Jump height: Strength and jump training showed
significant results in the experimental group. 5.
Motivation: Game training increased the athletes'
interest in training. This table presents the main results
of the study in a clear and visible way. The results of the
research show that a specially designed training
program for 13-14-year-old track and field athletes
provides high efficiency in improving their physical
fitness. The speed, endurance and power performance
of the participants of the experimental group
significantly improved compared to the control group
[4,5]. The high efficiency of game training methods has
been determined. This method increased the interest
of athletes and improved their psychological and
physical flexibility. In addition, the individual approach
made it possible to take into account the personal
needs and physical characteristics of athletes, which
maximized the potential of each participant.
The results are consistent with other scientific studies.
In particular, the effectiveness of game and individual
training for the development of physical qualities such
as flexibility and speed in young athletes has also been
noted in previous studies. However, our research has
shown that a combination of these approaches is more
effective [5,6]. Some limitations were identified during
the discussion. In particular, there was a need to study
the personal physiological characteristics of athletes
more deeply when applying the training program. Also,
the possibilities of using new technologies should be
studied to increase the effectiveness of training. Based
on the information obtained at the end of the research,
it is planned to develop proposals for improving
training programs for 13-14-year-old athletics and their
wide implementation in practice.
CONCLUSION
The results of the study confirmed the effectiveness of
innovative approaches in improving the physical
fitness of 13-14-year-old athletes. The specially
developed program combined game training and an
individual approach, allowing to significantly improve
the speed, endurance and strength of athletes. It was
found that the physical performance of the
participants of the experimental group was much
higher than that of the control group. In particular,
changes in speed, strength and endurance showed the
effectiveness of these training methods. This approach
increases the motivation of athletes, creates healthy
competition and strong physical training in them.
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
278
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
273-278
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
During the research, the important role of game
training in keeping the interest of young athletes and
achieving positive results in them was noted. The
individual approach allowed to take into account the
unique characteristics of athletes and served to
develop their capabilities to the maximum [7]. In the
future, it is necessary to test these approaches on a
larger scale, improve training programs, and study
their effectiveness for other age groups. By
introducing these methods, it is possible to make a
great contribution to increasing the physical potential
of young athletes.
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