INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS
ISSN: 3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293
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THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN METAPHOR AND METANOMY IN LINGUSTICS
Primova Dilbar Xushvaqtovna
teacher of Foreign language department , Karshi State Technical University
Annotation:
Metaphor and metonymy are treated as two different figures of speech in traditional
rhetoric. The famous linguist Jakobson mentioned them in his works in 1960s as two important
principles for language. Cognitive linguistics focuses on the ubiquity of metaphor and metonymy
in language but in modern theories of metaphor, metonymy is often regarded as a subtype of
metaphor and gets a bare mention.
Key words:
attempt, cognitive, domain, foundation, theory, ambiguity, involve
Based on the illuminating framework offered by Cognitive Exploration of language and
Linguistics, this paper attempts to analyze these two language phenomena in terms of their
constructions, functions and working mechanisms in the light of semiotics, pointing out that both
of them are special signs with the features of multi-hierarchy, ambiguity and openness and its
construction relies on similarity and association. Instead of recognizing their similarities in
certain respects, my thesis suggests that they are two fundamentally different cognitive devices,
with metaphor involving things from two different categories and metonymy involving
properties of something and its relations with other things. Cognitively speaking, metaphor is
more useful since people often use metaphors to explain something in a less well-known domain
in terms of things from relatively better-known domains. Human interaction generally proves to
be much more significant as the foundation for the decoding of the signified. However,
metonymy basically involves using a special property of something or its special relationship
with some other thing to refer to it, therefore its major function is to help the hearer to locate or
recognize the referent and its special characteristics. In Chinese rhetoric, it also includes
synecdoche. As for their working mechanisms, metaphor is based on perceived similarity
between things while metonymy on the relationship within things themselves.
Construction of Metaphor As we know, ―metaphor‖ is a type of figurative language in which
one thing is described in terms of some other thing. The word ―metaphor‖ comes from
Greek ―metapherein which means ―carry over‖. Another translation is ―transference‖, a term
more familiar to us from psychoanalytic theory. ―In a metaphor, one of the basic senses of a
form, the source domain, is used to grasp or explain a sense in a different domain, called target
domain. The idea that we take attitudes from one area of experience and use them to approach
and understand another is fundamental to human interactions with the world. Concerned with its
Construction, metaphor consists of three parts: tenor (also called ―topic, vehicle and ground.
For example, 1. Hang Zhou is Shanghai’s backyard. 2. She is forever pure and innocent like
spring and butterfly. In the first sentence, ―Hang Zhou‖ is the tenor, ―backyard‖ is the vehicle
but there is no ground. In the second sentence, ―she‖ is the tenor; ―spring and butterfly‖ is the
vehicle; ―pure and innocent‖ is the ground. In Chinese, as speaking on the level of discourse,
many idioms and proverbs . Besides, fable is exactly a kind of ―extended metaphor‖ from which
engendered many idioms and proverbs. Certainly not all the idioms and proverbs are constituted
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS
ISSN: 3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293
Volume 11, issue 2, May 2025
https://wordlyknowledge.uz/index.php/IJSR
worldly knowledge
Index:
google scholar, research gate, research bib, zenodo, open aire.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=wosjournals.com&btnG
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Worldly-Knowledge
https://journalseeker.researchbib.com/view/issn/3030-332X
179
in the form of metaphor. Only those ―understand one thing through another‖ can be recognized
as metaphors. Traditionally, metaphor was seen as concerning ―live‖ or ―novel‖ descriptions,
the kind of metaphor that is found in poetry and rhetoric. Idiomatic expressions were dismissed
as ―dead‖ metaphors; ones that had once been bright and new, but had become worn and dull
with overuse. So far a good many linguists have been attempting to elucidate the ways in which
language reflects the manner in which human beings perceive, categorize and conceptualize the
world. The result is like this: the more accurate, objective and literal the description is, the more
elusive it may be. According to the linguist George Lakoff (1980), ―we use our basic bodily
understanding of places, movements, forces, paths, objects and containers as sources of
information about life, love, mathematics and all other abstract concepts
USED LITERATURE:
1.Jakobson, R. (1985). Closing Statements: Linguistics and Poetics. In Innis, R.E. (ed.).
2. Langacker, R. (1999). Concept, Image and Symbol: the Cognitive Basis of Grammar. Berlin
and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
3. Lakoff, G. &. Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors We Live by. Chicago: The University of
Chicago Press.
4. Lakoff, G. & M. Turner (1989). More Than Cool Reason: a Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor.
Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
5. Marvin KLChingetal. (1980). Linguistic Perspective on Literature. Routkdge & Kegan Paul.
6. Mooij, JJA. (1876). A Study of Metaphor. Holland: North-Holland Publishing Company.
7. Ortony, Andren. (1979). Metaphor and Thought. London: London Cup.
