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TEMIR YO‘L ORQALI YO‘LOVCHI TASHISHNI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH
TASHKIL ETISH VA BOSHQARISH
Butunov Dilmurod Baxodirovich
Toshkent davlat transport universiteti professori, (PhD) professor
Abduqodirov Sardor Asqar o‘g‘li
Toshkent davlat transport universiteti dotsenti, (PhD) dotsent
Daminov Shahriyor Asomiddin o‘g‘li
Toshkent davlat transport universiteti, tayanch doktoranti
Kengesbaeva Dinara Jengisbay qizi
Toshkent davlat transport universiteti talabasi
ANNOTATION:
In addition to being safer and more reliable than other modes of transport,
rail transport is also an environmentally friendly mode of transport, which is also shows how
important this mode of transport. High-speed train services are mainly organized from Tashkent
to regions with attractive tourist destinations in our country. At the same time, the use of these
trains is increasing year by year. This has significantly increased the share of rail transport in
passenger transportation logistics.
KEYWORDS:
Afrosiyob, passenger train, traffic safety, wagon, locomotive, transport, route.
ANNOTATSIYA
: Temir yo‘l transporti boshqa transport turlariga nisbatan xavfsizligi va
ishonchliligi bilan ajralib turishidan tashqari ekologik toza transport turi ekanligi ham ushbu
transport turini naqadar muhim ahamiyat kasb etishini anglatadi. Tezyurar poyezdlar harakatini
tashkil etish orqali mamlakatimizda mahalliy aholi jumladan, boshqa davlatlardan tashrif
buyuruvchi sayyohlar uchun ham qulay va xavfsiz transport sifatida xizmat qilib kelmoqda.
Yuqori tezlikdagi poyezdlar harakati asosan Toshkent shahridan yurtimizdagi diqqatga sazovor
turizm maskanlari mavjud bo‘lgan hudularga tomon tashkil etilgan. Shu bilan birgalikda ushbu
poyezdlardan foydalanish ko‘rsatkichlari yildan-yilga o‘smoqda. Bu orqali temir yo‘l
transportining yo‘lovchi tashish logistikasidagi ulushi sezilarli darajada ortdi.
KALIT SO‘ZLAR:
Afrosiyob, yo‘lovchi poyezdi, harakat xavfsizligi, vagon, lokomotiv,
transport, marshrut.
KIRISH
O‘zbekiston iqtisodiy rivojlanishining zamonaviy bosqichi transport tizimining, ayniqsa temir
yo‘l orqali yo‘lovchi tashish sohasining samaradorligi va ishonchliligisiz tasavvur etib
bo‘lmaydi. Aholi va tovarlarning harakatlanishga bo‘lgan ehtiyoji shu qadar yuqoriki, barqaror
va yaxshi tashkil etilgan transport tizimisiz ushbu ehtiyojni qondirish mushkul bo‘ladi. Temir
yo‘l transportining yagona tizimi O‘zbekiston hududiy yaxlitligini mustahkamlab, iqtisodiy va
ijtimoiy taraqqiyotning muhim omillaridan biri sifatida xizmat qiladi. Respublikada 36
milliondan ortiq aholi istiqomat qiladi va ularning mobilligi, iqtisodiy imkoniyatlari va mehnat
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS
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migratsiyasini ta’minlash uchun temir yo‘l transporti asosiy rol o‘ynaydi. O‘zbekiston
Respublikasida temir yo‘l transporti davlat tomonidan strategik darajada boshqariladi.
“O‘zbekiston Temir Yo‘llari” AJ barcha yo‘lovchi va yuk tashish faoliyatini markazlashtirilgan
holda tashkil etib, samaradorlikni oshirish, xizmat sifatini yaxshilash va transport xavfsizligini
ta’minlashga alohida e’tibor qaratadi. Temir yo‘l transportida yo‘lovchilarni tashish, umumiy
tashishlar jarayoning asosiy tarkibiy qismi hisoblanadi va umumiy tashishlar xajmining 40-60%
tashkil etadi. Yo‘lovchi tashishning asosiy vazifalari aholining harakatga bo‘lgan ehtiyojini
qondirish, temir yo‘l vokzallarida yo‘lovchilarga madaniy xizmat ko‘rsatishni tashkil etish,
poyezdlarda ular uchun zarur qulayliklar yaratishdan iborat.
NATIJA VA MUHOKAMA
Yo‘lovchilarni tashish talablari quyidagicha: Ichimlik suvi va oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi,
nogironlarni tashish uchun vagonlarni jihozlash, yo‘lovchi vagonlari jihozlarining xavfsizligi,
poyezdlarni tibbiy yordam ko‘rsatish vositalari bilan to‘ldirish, yong’in xavfsizligi,
yo‘lovchilarni joylariga joylashtirishga yordam berish, choyshablar, choy mahsulotlari va choy
buyumlari bilan ta'minlash, restoran vagonlarida xizmat ko‘rsatish, xodimlarning shaxsiy
gigienasi talablari, xodimlarni tashishda avariya-qutqaruv ishlariga tayyorligi, harakat
tezliklarini oshirish, poyezdlarning turish vaqtlarini qisqartirish, yo‘lovchilarni yo‘lda yurishiga
ketadigan vaqtlarini kamaytirish, vokzallarda hamda yo‘lda poyezdlarda yo‘lovchilarga servis
xizmat ko‘rsatish sifatini yaxshilash, harakat tarkiblaridan, stansiya hamda vokzal
qurilmalaridan samarali foydalanish, yo‘lovchi tashish harakatlarini to‘g‘ri taqsimlash lozim,
yo‘lovchilar tashish harakatlarini maxsus yuqori tezlik magistrallarida tashkil etish, barcha
turdagi transport vositalari ishini bir-biri bilan kelishilgan holda tashkil etish, yo‘lovchilar
tashish jarayonidagi barcha bo‘g‘inlarning texnik vositalari va ish texnologiyalarini doimiy
tarzda takomillashtirib borish lozim [1-5, 7, 8].
Yo‘lovchi tashish tizimini takomillashtirish zarurati quyidagicha mamlakatimizda transport
sohasining rivojlanishi avvalo iqtisodiy faollik va aholining transport xizmatlariga bo‘lgan
talabining ortishi bilan bog‘liq [7-10]. Biroq transport tizimi faqat biznes manfaati bilan emas,
balki ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy ehtiyojlarni qondirish nuqtai nazaridan ham rivojlanishi kerak [2, 4].
Yo‘lovchi uchun transport turi tanlovida quyidagilar muhim ahamiyatga ega:
-
Harakatlanish tezligi va qulayligi.
-
Xavfsizlik darajasi.
-
Narx va xizmat sifati o‘rtasidagi muvozanat.
-
Regulyarlik va qatnov vaqtining aniqligi.
-
Temir yo‘l yo‘lovchi tashish tizimining o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari.
Temir yo‘l transporti o‘ziga xos xususiyatlarga ega, bular:
-
Hududiy qamrov va yirik sig‘im: uzoq masofalarga katta hajmda yo‘lovchi tashish
imkoniyati;
-
Iqlimga kam ta’sirchanlik: havo sharoitidan kamroq bog‘liqlik;
-
Barqarorlik va ekologik tozaligi: boshqa transport turlariga nisbatan atrof-muhitga
kamroq zarar yetkazadi.
1-jadval
Yuqori tezlikdagi yo‘lovchi poyezdlar harakatini tashkil etishda stiqbolli rejalar
Ko‘rsatkichlar
Ma’lumotlar
Temir yo‘l uzunligi
4.700 km
Yillik yo‘lovchi tashish hajmi
25 milliom yo‘lovchi
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Yuqori tezlikdagi yo‘lovchi poyezdlari soni
8ta (Afrosiyib poyezdlari)
2025-yilgacha rejadagi investitsiyalar
2 milliard AQSH dollari
1-rasm. “O‘ztemiryo‘lyo‘lovchi” AJ faoliyati “Yo‘lovchilar aylanmasi” ko‘rsatkichining
2019-2022-yillar kesimida bajarilish dinamikasi
2-rasm. Yo‘lovchi tashish hajmining yillik o‘sishi (2018–2024)
Yo‘lovchi tashishni takomillashtirish yo‘nalishlari:
-
Poyezdlar harakat jadvalini optimallashtirish: qatnovlar sonini va marshrut tarmog‘ini
aholi talabiga ko‘ra moslashtirish;
-
Yuqori tezlikdagi poyezdlar sonini ko‘paytirish: Afrosiyob tipidagi poyezdlar
marshrutlarini kengaytirish;
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-
Yo‘lovchilarga xizmat ko‘rsatish sifatini oshirish: elektron chiptalar, qulay kutish
sharoitlari, poyezd ichidagi xizmatlarni rivojlantirish;
-
Xavfsizlik va ekologik tozalikni oshirish: zamonaviy lokomotivlar va vagonlardan
foydalanish.
3-rasm. “O‘ztemiryo‘lyo‘lovchi” AJda yo‘lovchilar tashishni rivojlantirishning
istiqbollari
O‘zbekistonda iqtisodiyotining rivojlanishi uchun “O‘ztemiryo‘lyo‘lovchi” AJ keng ko‘lamli
loyihalar ishlanmoqda. Bunga Salar-Chirchiq va Toshkent-Samarqand yangi tezyurar temir
yo‘li qurilish loyihalari misol bo‘la oladi.
Salar-Chirchiq uchastkasida tezyurar poyezdlarni ishga tushirish imkoniyatlarini yaratish:
Loyihaning qisqacha tavsifi: Toshkent-Xodjikent temir yo‘l yo‘lini 2 bosqichda rekonstruksiya
qilish va shahar atrofi temir yo‘l yo‘lini yagona xizmat ko‘rsatish standartlari va chipta menyusi
bilan shahar transporti tizimiga integratsiya qilgan holda tezkor shahar atrofi yo‘nalishini ishga
tushirish.
Kutilayotgan natijalar:
•
Aholining transport xizmatlariga bo‘lgan ehtiyojlarini qondirish, ularning
harakatchanligini oshirish;
•
Hududlarning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy salohiyatini rivojlantirish;
•
Ichki turizmni rivojlantirish.
2-jadval
Shahar atrofidagi transportni shahar transport tizimiga integratsiya qilish
Qurilish
muddati
Loyiha byutjetini hisoblash
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84 oy
Temir yo‘llarni rekonstruksiya qilish – 40.78 mln AQSH dollari
Elektr poyezdlarini xarid qilish-33.464 mln AQSH dollari
4-rasm. Tezyurar yo‘lovchi poyezdlari uchun ixtisoslashtirilgan stansiya
Loyihaning qisqacha tavsifi, Toshkent-Samarqand uchastkasida ikkita konstruksiya varianti
taklif etiladigan alohida tezyurar temir yo‘l liniyasi qurilishi:
1.
Estakadali
2.
Yarim estakadali
Kutilayotgan natijalar
•
Yo‘lovchilar tashish hajmining oshishi;
•
Sayohat vaqtini qisqartirish;
•
Yuk poyezdlari uchun umumiy foydalaniladigan temir yo‘llarni bo‘shatish;
Respublikaning turizm salohiyatini rivojlantirish.
3-jadval
Yuqori tezlikdagi poyezdlar harakatini tashkil etish loyihasi
Qurilish davomiyligi
Loyiha byujetini hisoblash
42 oy
Estakada - 4234 mln AQSH dollari
Yarim estakada - 2574 mln AQSH dollari
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5-rasm. Toshkent-Samarqand-Toshkent yo‘nalishida harakatlanadigan Afrosiyob
poyezdi
6-rasm. Afrosiyob tezyurar poyezdi harakatlanish yo‘nalishi (Toshkent-Samarqand-
Toshkent)
Yo‘lovchi tashishni rejalashtirishda aholining daromadlari, raqobatchilardan tariflar,
mamlakatdagi sanatoriya-kurort bazasining holati, yo‘lovchi tashish sifatini oshirish, xizmatni
rivojlantirish va yangi turdagi xizmatlarni joriy etish bo‘yicha amalga oshirilayotgan chora-
tadbirlarning oqibatlari hisobga olinadi.
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7-rasm. Transport turlarining solishtirma ko‘rsatkichlari
Temir yo‘l transporti – 39%, havo transporti – 27%, avtomobil transporti – 13% ,suv transporti
– 15%, boshqa – 6% ekanligi aniqlandi.
4-jadval
Transport turlarining solishtirma ko‘rsatkichlari
Transport
turi
Tezlik
Narx
Qulaylik
Xavfsizlik
Moslashuvchanlik
Avtomobil
O‘rtacha
Arzon-
o‘rta
O‘rtacha
yuqori
O‘rtacha
Yuqori
Temir yo‘l
O‘rtacha
yuqori
O‘rta
Yuqori
Yuqori
O‘rtacha
Havo
Juda
yuqori
Qimmat
Yuqori
Juda yuqori Past
Suv
O‘rtacha
O‘rtacha
Yuqori
Yuqori
Juda past
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8-rasm. Temir yo‘l transportining boshqa transport turlari bilan solishtirma ko‘rsatkichi
Tezlik – 17%, qulaylik – 23%, hujjatlarni rasmiylashtirish davomiyligi – 22%, xizmatlar hajmi
– 11%, chipta narxi – 4%, jo‘natish chastotasi – 5%, o‘z vaqtida jo‘nash va yetib kelish – 18%
ni tashkil etdi.
XULOSA
Temir yo‘l transportida yo‘lovchi poyezdlar harakatini samarali tashkil etish orqali aholining
transport vositalariga bo‘lgan ehtiyojlarini qondirish “O‘TY” AJ ning ustuvor vazifasi
hisoblanadi. Jumladan, yuqori tezlikdagi “Afrosiyob” yo‘lovchi poyezdlari Toshkent-
Samarqand-Toshkent yo‘nalishida uzoq yillardan buyon Respublikamizning turizm salohiyatini
oshirish yo‘lida xizmat qilib kelmoqda. Bunda yo‘lovchi poyezdlari yo‘lovchi tashishda boshqa
turdagi transport turlaridan ko‘plab parametrlarda ustun ekanligi aniqlandi. Shu bilan birgalikda
temir yo‘l transporti orqali yo‘lovchi tashi ko‘rsatkichlar yildan-yilga ortib bormoqda. Bu o‘z
navbatida boshqa turdagi transport turlari bilan sog‘lom raqobat muhitini yaratadi. Natijada
aholining transport turlariga bo‘lgan ehtiyoji samarali qondiriladi.
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:
1. 2025-2027 yillarda О‘zbekiston Respublikasining ijtimoiy va ishlab chiqarish
infratuzilmasini rivojlantirish chora tadbirlari tо‘g‘risida О‘zbekiston Respublikasi
Prezidentining qarori
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2. Butunov, Dilmurod Baxodirovich, Shukurov, Murodulla Sulaymon O‘g‘li, Pardayeva,
Umida Norbayevna, Bo‘riyev, Shuxrat Xamroqul O‘g‘li yo‘lovchilarga chipta sotish
jarayonini takomillashtirish // orienss. 2022. №4. url: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/yo-
lovchilarga-chipta-sotish-jarayonini-takomillashtirish (дата обращения: 13.05.2025).
3. Jin Qin, Xiqiong Li , Kang Yang, Guangming Xu, “Joint Optimization of Ticket Pricing
Strategy and Train Stop Plan for High-Speed Railway: A Case Study”. Study. Mathematics
2022, 10, 1679.
https://doi.org/10.3390/math10101679
.
4. Й.О. Пазойского, “Oрганизаsиya пригороднiх Железнодорожнiх перевозок” учеб.
пособие / Y.О. Пазойский и др.; под ред. Y.О. Пазойского. — М.: ФГБОУ «Учебно-
методический sентр по образованиyu на железнодорожном транспорте», 2015. — 270
с.ISBN 978-5-89035-816-5.
5. O‘tkir O‘ktamjon O‘gli Xusenov, Dilmurod Boxodirovich Butunov, Shuxrat Xamroqul
O‘gli Bo‘riyev shahar atrof poyezdlari to'xtash punktlarining oraliq masofalarini aniqlash
tartiblari // Academic research in educational sciences. 2021. №3. URL:
https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/shahar-atrof-poyezdlari-toxtash-punktlarining-oraliq-
masofalarini-aniqlash-tartiblari (дата обращения: 13.05.2025).
6.
7.
8. https://railway.uz/uz/informatsionnaya_sluzhba/novosti/36355/
9.
https://www.tagesschau.de/wirtschaft/verbraucher/oepnv-deutschlandticket-auslastung-
fahrgastzahlen-100.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com
10.
https://www.mccberlin.net/en/news/information/information-detail/article/49-euro-ticket-
resulted-in-significant-modal-shift-from-road-to-rail.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com
