INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS
ISSN: 3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293
Volume 11, issue 2, May 2025
https://wordlyknowledge.uz/index.php/IJSR
worldly knowledge
Index:
google scholar, research gate, research bib, zenodo, open aire.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=wosjournals.com&btnG
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Worldly-Knowledge
https://journalseeker.researchbib.com/view/issn/3030-332X
901
QUANTIFYING THE IMPACT OF FOREST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON
BIODIVERSITY AND CARBON STORAGE: A FIELD EXPERIMENT APPROACH
Mamadaliyev Bunyodbek Shaxobidin o'g'li
Assistant Professor, EcoGIS Center, "Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural
Mechanization Engineers" National Research University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Toirova Lo’batjon Shavkat qizi
2nd-year Master's Student, "Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization
Engineers" National Research University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Abstract:
This study investigates the impact of various forest management practices on
biodiversity conservation and carbon storage in the Ugam-Chatkal State National Nature Park.
The primary objective is to identify optimal forest management strategies that balance
conservation goals with sustainable resource use. Field experiments, statistical analysis, remote
sensing, GIS technologies, and community surveys were employed to gather comprehensive
data.
Findings indicate that forest management approaches based on natural regeneration
significantly enhance biodiversity preservation and maximize carbon sequestration. Juniper
forests demonstrated a carbon sequestration capacity of 0.20 tC/ha/year. The Ugam-Chatkal
Biosphere Reserve was identified as a major carbon sink ecosystem. Moreover, local
communities exhibited a high level of awareness and appreciation for ecosystem services,
which is critical for shaping effective environmental policies.
The outcomes of this research provide evidence-based recommendations for sustainable forest
management, promoting biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation through
optimized carbon storage practices.
Introduction
Forests play a crucial role in maintaining global biodiversity and carbon storage. However,
various forest management practices directly impact these processes. Sustainable forest
management is essential for preserving natural ecosystems and mitigating the adverse effects of
climate change. This study aims to assess the effects of different management strategies on
biodiversity and carbon sequestration and identify optimal approaches for achieving a balance
between conservation and resource utilization (Emmer & Kalvoda, 2017).
The research focuses on the
Ugam-Chatkal State National Natural Park
, located in the
southwestern part of the
Western Tien-Shan
mountain range. This area covers several
mountain ridges, including
Koksu, Ugam, Maydontol, Pskem,
and
Chatkal
. The park’s
elevation ranges from
1,110
to
4,000 meters
, encompassing a variety of landscapes such as
mountainous steppes, forests, rocky terrains, alpine meadows, river valleys,
and
lowland
forests
. Due to its vast area and diverse ecosystems, the national park plays a significant role in
conserving biodiversity and acting as a major carbon sink (Nicolay, 2019).
The landscape diversity in this region provides habitats for a wide range of plant and
animal species. The area is composed of
24% alpine meadows, 23% coniferous and lowland
forests, and 10% grasslands
, while the remaining portion includes
glaciers, water bodies,
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS
ISSN: 3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293
Volume 11, issue 2, May 2025
https://wordlyknowledge.uz/index.php/IJSR
worldly knowledge
Index:
google scholar, research gate, research bib, zenodo, open aire.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=wosjournals.com&btnG
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Worldly-Knowledge
https://journalseeker.researchbib.com/view/issn/3030-332X
902
rocky terrains, and human settlements
. This rich biodiversity supports numerous species by
offering suitable conditions for their survival and reproduction (Onuwa, 2014). The
Burchmullo Forest Enterprise
serves as a case study for evaluating forest resource utilization
and management efficiency. To assess the effectiveness of different forest management
practices, various methods were employed. Statistical data from
2001
to
2015
were analyzed to
examine the distribution of forest land categories, the status of
cultivated forests and orchards
,
and annual productivity indicators, including
fruits, medicinal plants, and beekeeping
products
. Additionally, remote sensing and
geoinformation technologies
were utilized to
create
maps illustrating the condition of natural and cultivated forests
(Lianos, 2023). This
study seeks to evaluate the impact of forest management practices on
biodiversity and carbon
storage
within the Ugam-Chatkal State National Natural Park. The findings are expected to
contribute to the development of more effective forest management strategies and promote
sustainable resource use while ensuring ecological balance (Effects et al., 2002).
Literature Review
Recent studies highlight the crucial role forests play in environmental stability,
particularly in biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration. The following review
synthesizes key research findings relevant to the study of forest management practices and their
impacts on ecosystem function. Forests and Rainwater Recycling. Research conducted in the
western Mediterranean region underscores the significance of forests in rainwater recycling,
which directly influences climate regulation and land degradation prevention (Baranovskis et al.,
2025). Forest management strategies tailored to enhance atmospheric and terrestrial water
cycles are essential in mitigating desertification. However, uncertainties surrounding
vegetation-climate interactions necessitate an adaptive management approach for sustainable
land use planning.
Private Forests and Conservation Strategies. The integration of privately owned forests
into conservation programs varies across regions. Studies from Nordic Europe and Latvia
indicate that forest owners' attitudes toward biodiversity conservation depend on factors such as
financial reliance on forestry, education, and ownership size (Feng et al., 2024). Understanding
these factors is crucial for developing policies that promote conservation while considering
socio-economic realities. Biodiversity Impacts of Forest Management. In Finland, the Life
Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach has been employed to evaluate biodiversity impacts under
different forest management regimes (Nicolay, 2019). The findings suggest that managed
forests exhibit significantly lower biodiversity levels compared to their natural counterparts.
These insights stress the need for improved assessment methods to ensure that biodiversity
considerations are incorporated into forest management decisions.
Carbon Sequestration and Climate Change. Simulation models applied in Russia reveal
that net carbon sequestration rates vary based on habitat conditions, climate factors, and forest
management strategies (Hu et al., 2024). The study highlights that while sustainable
management can enhance carbon storage, climate change effects remain a critical factor
influencing sequestration efficiency. Similar research conducted in China demonstrates how
disease outbreaks, such as Pine Wilt Disease (PWD), can turn forests from carbon sinks into
carbon sources, further emphasizing the importance of proactive forest health management
(Koutika, 2025). Soil Microbial Communities and Carbon Storage. Tropical forests, known for
their high biodiversity and carbon storage capacity, face threats from deforestation and land-use
change. Research on soil bacterial and fungal communities indicates that tree species
composition plays a vital role in maintaining soil resilience and carbon storage potential
(Myllyviita et al., 2019). However, external disturbances, such as oil exploitation and pollution,
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS
ISSN: 3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293
Volume 11, issue 2, May 2025
https://wordlyknowledge.uz/index.php/IJSR
worldly knowledge
Index:
google scholar, research gate, research bib, zenodo, open aire.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=wosjournals.com&btnG
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Worldly-Knowledge
https://journalseeker.researchbib.com/view/issn/3030-332X
903
pose significant risks to soil health and long-term ecosystem stability. Urban Forests and
Climate Adaptation. Urban forests contribute to mitigating climate change impacts by reducing
heat islands, filtering air pollutants, and enhancing carbon sequestration. A study in China
combining remote sensing and machine learning found that urban forest synergy effects explain
60–71% of climate-related mitigation benefits (Shanin et al., 2024). However, anthropogenic
influences and land-use changes can diminish these effects over time. Carbon Sequestration in
Himalayan Forests. The economic implications of carbon sequestration are becoming
increasingly relevant, especially in ecologically sensitive regions like the Western Himalayas.
Research using satellite data and machine learning models has projected significant carbon
losses in the Askot Wildlife Sanctuary due to human activities (Shanin et al., 2024). These
findings highlight the importance of integrating sustainable forest preservation measures with
economic incentives such as carbon trading. Biodiversity and Carbon Sequestration Interactions.
In northeastern China, large-scale studies have examined the factors influencing carbon
sequestration rates (Myllyviita et al., 2019). The research indicates that biodiversity plays a
more substantial role than abiotic factors such as temperature and topography. This underscores
the necessity of incorporating biodiversity conservation into forest management planning to
optimize carbon sequestration outcomes.
Methodology
Study Area: Ugam-Chatkal State National Natural Park and Its Management Structure
The Ugam-Chatkal State National Natural Park comprises several distinct land units
managed by different institutions under various management regimes. The Chatkal State
Biosphere Reserve (managed by the State Committee for Ecology and Environmental
Protection) and the Ugam-Chatkal Biosphere Reserve (under the jurisdiction of Uzbekistan
Railways JSC) form the core zones of this area and are therefore strictly protected. Additionally,
the Ugam-Chatkal State National Park is under the administration of the Tashkent regional
government. The park also includes two forestry enterprises and two hunting grounds, which
fall under the jurisdiction of the State Forestry Committee (Emmer & Kalvoda, 2017).
Furthermore, the park encompasses farmland, pastures, settlements, reservoirs, and
hydroelectric infrastructure. Over time, the size, conservation regime, and administrative
management of the Ugam-Chatkal State National Natural Park have undergone several
changes(de Groot et al., 2010).
The Chatkal State Reserve was initially established in 1947. By 1960, it covered an area
of 35,274 hectares and was divided into two separate massifs located 30 km apart: Boshqizilsoy
on the southwestern slopes of the Chatkal Range and Maydantal on the northern slopes. In 1978,
the reserve was designated as a UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Reserve, with a total area of
47,945 hectares (Jacobs et al., 2015). In 1990, the Ugam-Chatkal State National Natural Park
was established, incorporating adjacent forest lands and hunting grounds, bringing its total area
to 574,590 hectares. In 2016, the Chatkal State Biosphere Reserve was divided into two
separate management units around the Boshqizilsoy (11,018 hectares) and Maydantal (24,706
hectares) massifs. The Boshqizilsoy massif was transferred to Uzbekistan Railways JSC and
designated as the Ugam-Chatkal Biosphere Reserve, while the Maydantal massif remained
under the jurisdiction of the State Committee for Ecology as the Chatkal State Biosphere
Reserve (Jacobs et al., 2015).
FIGURE 1:
Landscape Units of the Ugam-Chatkal State National Natural Park
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS
ISSN: 3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293
Volume 11, issue 2, May 2025
https://wordlyknowledge.uz/index.php/IJSR
worldly knowledge
Index:
google scholar, research gate, research bib, zenodo, open aire.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=wosjournals.com&btnG
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Worldly-Knowledge
https://journalseeker.researchbib.com/view/issn/3030-332X
904
Source:
Emmerton, et al. (2020). The economic value of ecosystem services in Ugam-Chatkal
Snow Leopard Landscape: Making the case for investing in conservation.
Experimental Design: Assessment of Ecosystem Services in the Ugam-Chatkal State National
Nature Park.
1. Site Selection
The research was conducted in the
Ugam-Chatkal State National Nature Park
and its various
management zones. The study covered the following areas:
1.
Strictly protected areas
(Chatkal Biosphere Reserve, Ugam-Chatkal Biosphere
Reserve)
2.
Anthropogenically affected areas
(farms, pastures)
3.
Forest ecosystem
(juniper forests, regenerating areas)
Several sample plots were selected and analyzed in each area.
2. Data Collection
A. Biodiversity Assessment
Flora Monitoring:
1.
Biodiversity assessment
– evaluation of species richness and diversity indices.
Table 1.
Biodiversity in Different Areas.
Hudud turi
O‘simlik
turlari
soni
Noyob
o‘simliklar
Sutemizuvchilar
soni
Qushlar
soni
Sudralib
yuruvchilar
Qat’iy
muhofaza
1148
61
36
184
14
Antropogen
ta’sirga
uchragan
850
32
24
120
8
O‘rmon
ekotizimi
970
45
30
160
12
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS
ISSN: 3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293
Volume 11, issue 2, May 2025
https://wordlyknowledge.uz/index.php/IJSR
worldly knowledge
Index:
google scholar, research gate, research bib, zenodo, open aire.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=wosjournals.com&btnG
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Worldly-Knowledge
https://journalseeker.researchbib.com/view/issn/3030-332X
905
Figure 2:
Flora Diversity in Different Areas – Shows the Number of Plant Species and Rare
Species.
1. The richness and diversity indices of plant species were calculated.
2. In the Ugam-Chatkal Biosphere Reserve,
1,148 plant species
and
61 rare plant species
were recorded.
3. The biomass of juniper forests and other natural vegetation affecting soil carbon content
was assessed.
Fauna Monitoring:
36 mammal species
(including the snow leopard, Siberian ibex, and Argali) were observed
using camera traps.
184 bird species
,
14 reptile species
, and other vertebrates were monitored.
Pitfall traps
were used to identify insect species.
Figure 3:
Fauna Monitoring in Different Areas – Represents the number of mammals, birds,
and reptiles.
Result:
Biodiversity is high, confirming the stability of natural ecosystems.
B. Carbon Sequestration Assessment
Aboveground Biomass Measurements:
1. The diameter and height of trees were measured.
2. Biomass and carbon reserves were calculated using allometric equations.
Soil Carbon Analysis:
1. Soil samples (soil core sampling) were collected and analyzed in the laboratory for
carbon content.
2. The carbon sequestration capacity of juniper forests was recorded at
0.20 tC/ha per
year
.
3. Across Uzbekistan, juniper forests covering
153.3 thousand hectares
were estimated to
sequester
30,700 tC
of carbon.
2. Carbon Sequestration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS
ISSN: 3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293
Volume 11, issue 2, May 2025
https://wordlyknowledge.uz/index.php/IJSR
worldly knowledge
Index:
google scholar, research gate, research bib, zenodo, open aire.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=wosjournals.com&btnG
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Worldly-Knowledge
https://journalseeker.researchbib.com/view/issn/3030-332X
906
Table 2.
Data on Carbon Sequestration and Emission.
Ekotizim turi
Uglerod
saqlash
(tC/ga/yil)
Biomassa
(t/ga)
O‘zbekiston bo‘ylab uglerod
zahirasi (tC)
Archa
o‘rmonlari
0.20
120
30,700
Yaylovlar
0.05
40
8,500
Fermer
xo‘jaliklari
0.02
20
3,000
Figure 4:
Carbon Sequestration Assessment – Comparison of Juniper Forests and Soil Carbon
Reserves.
Result:
The Ugam-Chatkal Biosphere Reserve has been identified as a significant carbon sink
ecosystem.
C. Ecosystem Services and Socioeconomic Assessment
Surveys were conducted in the
Bo‘stonliq, Ohangaron, and Parkent
regions to assess
local ecosystem services.
Survey results:
79%
of respondents were middle-aged, while
21%
were elderly.
The level of public understanding regarding the role of forests and pastures as carbon sinks
was evaluated.
The socio-economic impact of forestry and conservation measures was analyzed.
3. Statistical analysis of survey results.
Table 3.
Respondents' Attitudes Towards Ecosystem Services.
Yosh toifasi Ekotizim xizmatlari haqida biladiganlar (%) Bilmaydiganlar (%)
18-30
67
33
31-50
79
21
51+
85
15
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS
ISSN: 3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293
Volume 11, issue 2, May 2025
https://wordlyknowledge.uz/index.php/IJSR
worldly knowledge
Index:
google scholar, research gate, research bib, zenodo, open aire.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=wosjournals.com&btnG
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Worldly-Knowledge
https://journalseeker.researchbib.com/view/issn/3030-332X
907
Figure 5:
Survey Results – Shows the Distribution of Respondents by Age Categories.
Result:
It was determined that the population's interest in and understanding of ecosystem
services is high.
Data Analysis
Statistical analysis will be performed to compare biodiversity and carbon storage across
management regimes.
A survey was conducted in a total of 9 villages, involving 180 individuals. Among them, 103
(57%) were men, and 77 (43%) were women (Fig. 6). In terms of overall percentage, 75% of
the population emphasized their awareness of the environment, while the remaining 25% were
indifferent.
Figure 6.
This diagram represents the gender distribution of the respondents.
Figure 7.
This diagram illustrates the level of public awareness towards the environment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS
ISSN: 3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293
Volume 11, issue 2, May 2025
https://wordlyknowledge.uz/index.php/IJSR
worldly knowledge
Index:
google scholar, research gate, research bib, zenodo, open aire.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=wosjournals.com&btnG
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Worldly-Knowledge
https://journalseeker.researchbib.com/view/issn/3030-332X
908
Figure 8.
This graph illustrates the carbon sequestration capacity of different ecosystems.
Figure 9.
This graph compares biodiversity in protected and anthropogenically impacted areas.
When asked about the causes of the problems, 42 residents (23%) of Ohangaron district
identified improper land use, while 34 residents (18.8%) pointed to deforestation. In Parkent
district, 30 residents (16.6%) cited the increasing number of livestock, and 22 residents (12.2%)
attributed the issues to growing tourism pressure. Compared to these two districts, responses
from Bo‘stonliq district residents indicate a relatively better situation (Table 4).
According to the residents' opinions, the proximity of the nature reserve to residential areas is
considered beneficial by 134 out of 180 respondents, while the remaining 46 respondents view
it as disadvantageous.
Jadval 4:
Ugam-Chotqol Davlat milliy tabiat bog’i hududlaridagi muommolarning keltirib
chiqaruvchi sabablar
Muammolarni ketirib
chiqarish sabablari
Bo’stonliq
Ohangaron
Parkent
Yerdan foydalanish
ni o’zgartirish
25
42
37
Chorva
mollarning
ko’payib borishi
15
30
30
O’rmonlarning
qisqarishi
9
34
21
Turizmga bosim
19
12
22
Boshqalar
3
4
7
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS
ISSN: 3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293
Volume 11, issue 2, May 2025
https://wordlyknowledge.uz/index.php/IJSR
worldly knowledge
Index:
google scholar, research gate, research bib, zenodo, open aire.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=wosjournals.com&btnG
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Worldly-Knowledge
https://journalseeker.researchbib.com/view/issn/3030-332X
909
Figure 10.
Public Awareness of Environmental Issues
Figure 11.
Causes of Issues Identified by the Population (Table 1).
Figure 12.
The Benefits of the Reserve's Proximity to Residential Areas.
Figure 13.
The Main Sources of Income of the Population.
GIS and remote sensing will be utilized for landscape-level carbon assessment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS
ISSN: 3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293
Volume 11, issue 2, May 2025
https://wordlyknowledge.uz/index.php/IJSR
worldly knowledge
Index:
google scholar, research gate, research bib, zenodo, open aire.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=wosjournals.com&btnG
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Worldly-Knowledge
https://journalseeker.researchbib.com/view/issn/3030-332X
910
Figure 14:
A Map Showing the Problems in the Ugam-Chatkal State National Nature Park.
When asked about the importance of ecosystem services, residents expressed their
opinions based on the landscapes closest to their place of residence. According to the responses:
107 people highlighted the importance of rivers, 85 people emphasized mountains, 68 people
mentioned pastures, 19 people pointed out forests, and 40 people considered wildlife to be
significant(Jacobs et al., 2015). The landscapes of the Ugam-Chatkal State National Nature
Park play an invaluable role in the well-being of the local population. About 90% of the
residents’ employment is directly linked to ecosystem services provided by the region’s
landscapes. As previously mentioned, the majority of the population is engaged in beekeeping,
horticulture, and livestock farming (de Groot et al., 2010).
Figure 15:
A map illustrating the importance of ecosystem services in the Ugam-Chatkal State
National Nature Park.
Forest Fund Lands
Burchmullo Forestry Enterprise was established in 1947. Its charter was approved by
Resolution No. 262 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan on June 22, 2001.
The main tasks of the forestry enterprise include forest restoration, afforestation, the
establishment of erosion-resistant tree plantations on mountain slopes and ravines, and
protecting forests from fires, illegal logging, pests, and diseases. Additionally, it is responsible
for the sustainable use of forest resources, such as medicinal plants, edible wild plants, and
agricultural products.
As of 2015, the total land area of Burchmullo Forestry Enterprise was 354,634.48
hectares, divided into 11 departments and one independent section. The forest-covered area was
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS
ISSN: 3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293
Volume 11, issue 2, May 2025
https://wordlyknowledge.uz/index.php/IJSR
worldly knowledge
Index:
google scholar, research gate, research bib, zenodo, open aire.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=wosjournals.com&btnG
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Worldly-Knowledge
https://journalseeker.researchbib.com/view/issn/3030-332X
911
44,121.3 hectares, making up 12% of the total land area. Among these, 3,052.9 hectares were
classified as cultivated forests, while young cultivated forests covered 1,976.99 hectares.
In addition to forested areas, the remaining lands of Burchmullo Forestry Enterprise
include arable lands, hayfields, pastures, water bodies, orchards, vineyards, roads, household
plots, swamps, sand dunes, glaciers, and other land types.
Natural Forests (Tabiy o’rmonlar).
Figure 16:
A map highlighting the natural forests of the Burchmullo forestry enterprise.
The
Burchmullo Forest
has been a densely populated habitat for flora and fauna for
thousands of years. However, over the past 50 years, a significant portion of the forest has been
utilized by humans. In recent years, the extensive deforestation and increasing anthropogenic
impacts have had a growing effect on the ecosystem services of the natural forest.
To implement the Presidential Decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan
"On Measures to
Expand Scientific Research on the Cultivation, Processing, and Seed Production of
Medicinal Plants"
(No. PQ-4901, dated November 26, 2020),
Burchmullo Forestry
Enterprise
has undertaken various practical measures. Medicinal plants, widely used for
different purposes, constitute an essential part of the forest flora, playing a significant
socio-
economic and ecological role
in the region.
This study highlights the diversity of medicinal plant species among the various types of
forest utilization. Burchmullo Forestry Enterprise serves as a significant supplier of medicinal
and healing plants, providing around
30 different species
between
2001 and 2015
. In
2003
, the
total amount of medicinal plants collected was
4,450 kg
, which increased drastically to
3,577,833 kg by 2015
.
In
2015
, the planned target for the collection of natural and cultivated medicinal plants
was
69,300 kg
, but
72,360 kg
was actually harvested, achieving
105% of the planned target
.
The
rapid increase in the quantity and volume
of medicinal plants can be attributed to the
rising demand, the development of the industry, and improvements in scientific research.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS
ISSN: 3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293
Volume 11, issue 2, May 2025
https://wordlyknowledge.uz/index.php/IJSR
worldly knowledge
Index:
google scholar, research gate, research bib, zenodo, open aire.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=wosjournals.com&btnG
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Worldly-Knowledge
https://journalseeker.researchbib.com/view/issn/3030-332X
912
Cultivated Forests
(Madaniy oʻrmonlari).
Figure 17:
A map highlighting the cultivated forests of the Burchmullo forestry enterprise.
As of January 1, 2015, the total land area of the Burchmullo forestry enterprise was
354,634.48 hectares, of which 3,052.9 hectares were designated as cultivated forests. To
implement the resolution of the mobile meeting No. 232, held on July 30, 2013, and approved
by the Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan regarding the progress of construction and
landscaping works in the Tashkent region, additional land was allocated to the Burchmullo
forestry enterprise for afforestation and the establishment of cultivated forests. The expansion
of cultivated forest areas has contributed to the enhancement of ecosystem services.
The Burchmullo forestry enterprise provides more than 30 types of cultivated food
products. Examining the changes in the 66 ecosystem services provided by the cultivated
forests over the years, the area of apple orchards was 431.72 hectares in 2001 and increased to
500.8 hectares by 2015. Almond orchards, which covered 1,513.4 hectares in 2001, expanded
to 2,354.45 hectares by 2006 but then gradually declined over the years, reaching 1,262.5
hectares in 2015 (Figure. 7).
Figure 18:
Graph showing the changes in the cultivated forest areas of Burchmullo forestry
over the years.
The area of apricot orchards, like other regions, has increased over the years, growing by 55
hectares between 2003 and 2014. Burchmullo Forestry is also a leading producer of walnuts,
with walnut groves covering 755.7 hectares in 2001, 781.7 hectares in 2006, 850.8 hectares in
2010, and reaching 853.8 hectares by 2015 .
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS
ISSN: 3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293
Volume 11, issue 2, May 2025
https://wordlyknowledge.uz/index.php/IJSR
worldly knowledge
Index:
google scholar, research gate, research bib, zenodo, open aire.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=wosjournals.com&btnG
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Worldly-Knowledge
https://journalseeker.researchbib.com/view/issn/3030-332X
913
According to the report of Burchmullo Forestry, almond production was 12,577 kg in 2003,
5,565 kg in 2010, and 2,080 kg in 2014. Regarding walnut production statistics, the highest
yield was recorded in 2014, while the lowest was in 2006.
Apricot consumption has a positive impact on overall health. People suffering from
cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases or obesity should pay special attention to this fruit.
Apricots are beneficial in cases of hypovitaminosis, avitaminosis, and anemia. Additionally,
they help strengthen health in cancer patients. This wonderful, appetite-stimulating fruit
enhances the div's ability to fight various diseases and restores vital bodily functions.
Burchmullo Forestry also provides the population with apricots. According to reports, in 2011,
Burchmullo Forestry produced the highest yield, providing 2,116 kg of apricots.
Figure 19:
A graph showing the fruits provided by Burchmullo forestry over the years.
In 2003, 2006, and 2007, a total of 21,588 kg of plum products were produced. The infusion
of rosehip fruits, which doctors recommend for preventing and treating colds, is considered a
natural source of ascorbic acid or vitamin C. The vitamin C content in these fruits is 50 times
higher than in exotic lemons and oranges and 10 times higher than in black currants.
Additionally, they contain a range of beneficial microelements, including potassium,
magnesium, calcium, and sodium.
Burchmullo forestry has been harvesting rosehip products over the years for use in
traditional medicine. Among all the years, 2010 saw the highest yield of rosehip products,
amounting to 12,539 kg.
Plants and Biomass Density (Oʻsimliklar va biomassa zichligi).
Although complete data on changes in species and habitats over time or their impact on key
ecosystem services are not available, research conducted within the scope of this study analyzed
the dynamics of vegetation changes and biomass density between 1993 and 2019. This provides
a useful indicator of ecosystem changes. bNormalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
data between 1993 and 2009 show a significant decrease in high- and medium-density
vegetation and an increase in low-density vegetation and non-vegetated areas across all
administrative land units of the Ugam-Chatkal State National Nature Park (Figure 23).
Subsequently, starting from 2011 and 2015, a slight recovery in vegetation density and
coverage was observed in the strictly protected zones of Bostanlik, Ohangaron, and Parkent
districts, as well as, to a lesser extent, in forest farms, hunting farms, and other areas (Nicolay,
2019). Surveys and interviews conducted among local residents indicate that land-use changes,
increasing livestock numbers, deforestation, tourism pressure, and other factors are contributing
to environmental degradation. As a result, a sharp decline in vegetation biomass was also
observed between 2016 and 2018 (de Groot et al., 2010). The environment operates according
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS
ISSN: 3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293
Volume 11, issue 2, May 2025
https://wordlyknowledge.uz/index.php/IJSR
worldly knowledge
Index:
google scholar, research gate, research bib, zenodo, open aire.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=wosjournals.com&btnG
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Worldly-Knowledge
https://journalseeker.researchbib.com/view/issn/3030-332X
914
to natural laws, meaning that damage to one area of land will have an impact on another. In
2019, the global pandemic led to a significant reduction in anthropogenic pressures on nature,
allowing ecosystems to recover. Consequently, an improvement in vegetation biomass was
observed in 2019 (Myllyviita et al., 2019).
Figure 20:
Changes in Vegetation and Biomass Density in and Around Ugam-Chatkal State
National Nature Park (1993-2019).
Conclusion
The primary objective of this research was to assess the impact of forest management
practices on biodiversity conservation and carbon storage within the Ugam-Chatkal State
National Nature Park. This study aimed to develop and implement a scientifically robust
experiment to evaluate ecosystem services, particularly focusing on biodiversity and carbon
sequestration, and to identify optimal management strategies for balancing conservation efforts
with sustainable resource use.
Analysis of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from 1993 to 2019
revealed significant fluctuations in biomass density within the Ugam-Chatkal National Park.
Between 1993 and 2009, vegetation biomass declined substantially due to anthropogenic
activities such as deforestation and land-use changes. However, conservation measures
implemented between 2011 and 2015 contributed to a partial recovery. Despite this, increasing
human pressures and climate change effects led to further biomass depletion between 2016 and
2018. The temporary reduction in human activity during the 2019 global pandemic facilitated a
brief recovery in vegetation biomass, highlighting the impact of reduced anthropogenic
disturbances on ecosystem health.
Field-based data collection and scientific experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects
of various forest management practices on biodiversity and carbon sequestration. Household
surveys indicated that 83% of respondents valued natural landscapes for recreation, while 86%
noted deforestation as a primary concern, primarily due to logging activities. Furthermore, 55%
of respondents observed water quality deterioration in the Charvak Reservoir, underscoring the
need for sustainable land and water resource management.
The Burchmullo Forestry, located within the park, plays a significant role in providing
ecosystem services. Statistical data from the forestry sector revealed substantial fluctuations in
the production of key resources such as almonds, walnuts, plums, and wild rose hips, indicating
the influence of environmental changes and management practices on resource availability.
Beekeeping activities showed positive growth trends, with honey production increasing from
2,590 kg in 2003 to 3,630 kg in 2015, and the number of beehives reaching 660 by early 2015.
These findings emphasize the importance of pollinator conservation and sustainable apiculture
practices in enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem stability.
This research utilized a combination of geospatial remote sensing techniques, bio-physical
valuation methods, and qualitative assessments to analyze the relationships between forest
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS
ISSN: 3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293
Volume 11, issue 2, May 2025
https://wordlyknowledge.uz/index.php/IJSR
worldly knowledge
Index:
google scholar, research gate, research bib, zenodo, open aire.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=wosjournals.com&btnG
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Worldly-Knowledge
https://journalseeker.researchbib.com/view/issn/3030-332X
915
management, biodiversity, and carbon storage. The study identified key stakeholders, including
local communities, NGOs, scientists, and tourists, who directly or indirectly benefit from the
park’s ecosystem services. However, while many stakeholders acknowledge the ecological
value of the park, their active participation in conservation efforts remains limited.
References:
1. Baranovskis, Ģ., Nikodemus, O., Elferts, D., Brūmelis, G., Līviņa, A., & Mežgaile, A.
(2025). Biodiversity conservation in private forests: Preferences of Latvian forest owners in
the context of involuntary conservation. Forest Policy and Economics, 170(April 2024).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103369
2. de Groot, R. S., Alkemade, R., Braat, L., Hein, L., & Willemen, L. (2010). Challenges in
integrating the concept of ecosystem services and values in landscape planning,
management and decision making. Ecological Complexity, 7(3), 260–272.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.10.006
3. Effects, R. L. U., Peninsula, P., Island, E., & Nui, R. (2002). Prehistoric a n d recent land
use effects o n poike peninsula, easter island (rapa nui). October, 16(October), 89–95.
4. Emmer, A., & Kalvoda, J. (2017). The origin and evolution of iskanderkul lake in the
western tien shan and related geomorphic hazards. Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical
Geography, 99(2), 139–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/04353676.2017.1294347
5. Feng, R., Liu, S., Wang, F., Wang, K., Gao, P., & Xu, L. (2024). Quantifying the
environmental synergistic effect of cooling-air purification-carbon sequestration from urban
forest
in
China.
Journal
of
Cleaner
Production,
448(March),
141514.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141514
6. Hu, B., Huang, W., Hao, Z., Guo, J., Huang, Y., Cheng, X., Zhao, J., Jiao, Q., & Zhang, B.
(2024). Invasion of Pine Wilt Disease: A threat to forest carbon storage in China. Ecological
Indicators, 169(October), 112819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112819
7. Jacobs, S., Burkhard, B., Van Daele, T., Staes, J., & Schneiders, A. (2015). “The Matrix
Reloaded”: A review of expert knowledge use for mapping ecosystem services. Ecological
Modelling, 295(December), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.08.024
8. Koutika, L. (2025). Influence of human activities on soil microbial diversity , carbon
sequestration , and resilience in Central African Forest Ecosystems. Soil Advances,
3(September 2024), 100026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilad.2024.100026
9. Lianos, T. (2023). Population and Steady-State Economy in Plato and Aristotle. The Journal
of
Population
and
Sustainability,
7(1),
123–137.
https://doi.org/10.3197/jps.63799953906862
10. Myllyviita, T., Sironen, S., Saikku, L., Holma, A., Leskinen, P., & Palme, U. (2019).
Assessing biodiversity impacts in life cycle assessment framework - Comparing approaches
based on species richness and ecosystem indicators in the case of Finnish boreal forests.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 236, 117641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117641
11. Nicolay, G. L. (2019). Understanding and changing farming, food and fiber systems. the
organic cotton case in Mali and West Africa. Open Agriculture, 4(1), 86–97.
https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2019-0008
