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THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS IN ENSURING PRODUCT
QUALITY
Sotvoldieva Nasibaxon Sohibjamol kizi
Andijan State Technical Institute
Abstract:
This article provides guidance on the topic "The importance of international
standards in ensuring product quality." In this process, detailed ideas and comments on the role
of the ISO 9000 series of international standards in ensuring product quality, factors affecting
products and ways to eliminate them, and measures taken by the leader of our country to
develop this area were studied.
Keywords:
product quality, standard, product, raw materials, quality system, management
factors, standardization.
Introduction: Product quality –
includes the characteristics that have the ability to satisfy
consumer needs and provides customer needs by changing the product to be free from defects
and defects
1
. Product quality mainly depends on the following factors
2
:
–
The type of raw material used to make the product;
–
Differentiated production – how well technologies are implemented;
–
Qualifications and experience of the workforce involved in the production process;
–
The presence of additional costs associated with production, such as energy and water
supply, and transportation.
Factors affecting product quality can be divided into 4 groups: – Technical factors – such
factors include the condition of equipment, control devices and technical documentation, the
quality of raw materials, semi-finished products, and the like.
–
Organizational factors - such factors include the planned and regular work, the provision
of technical services and equipment, materials, components, equipment, technical
documentation and control tools, production culture, the scientific organization of labor, and the
organization of meals and rest during work.
–
Economic factors - these factors include forms of payment for labor, the amount of
monthly wages, material incentives for high-quality products and work, deductions from
employees' salaries for product defects, and product evaluation stages.
–
Social factors - these factors include personnel training, the organization of creativity
and inventiveness, living conditions, interpersonal relationships, the psychological climate in
the team and educational work.
Efficiency:
As a result of the economic reforms carried out in
our country, the necessary conditions have been formed for the free circulation of goods and
services and the use of market mechanisms in the domestic markets of our republic, a market
infrastructure and a competitive environment have been created. Therefore, the responsibilities
of manufacturers and other suppliers of goods for ensuring the culture of production and the
quality and safety of products are increasing. In addition, favorable opportunities are being
created for the national enterprises of our republic to enter foreign markets with their products
and services. As is known, in a market economy, it is possible to create a quality system that
will ensure the production of competitive products and the competitiveness of the manufactured
products in foreign markets, further improve the quality of the manufactured products and
increase the profit of the enterprise. The role of the international standard ISO 9001 series in
creating such quality systems is of great importance. Because in all developed countries, the
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ISO 9001 series of international standards is an integral part of the organization of production
and service provision, serving as a key to opening the door to foreign markets. In addition, in
our republic, based on the requirements of the ISO 9000 series of international standards,
national enterprises will be able to implement and effectively use quality management systems,
create high-quality, harmless to human life products and services, participate in their
competition with similar products manufactured in foreign countries in the foreign market, and
reduce some technical barriers associated with certification and standardization in the territories
of countries where products are imported. It should also be noted that the introduction of
standards belonging to the ISO 9000 family of international standards will not only improve the
quality of the manufactured products and ensure their safety, but also, since they have a
universal nature, they can be used in any production and service enterprises.
The
development and implementation of quality management systems based on the international
standard ISO 9001 in the manufacturing enterprises of our republic will create many
conveniences for product manufacturers in the export processes. The international standard ISO
9001 is also a guarantee of a certain level of profit for the stable operation and development of
enterprises in a market economy.
Objectives of international standardization in ensuring product quality
3
:
–
Improving the quality level of products manufactured in different countries;
–
Ensuring the interchangeability of elements of complex products;
–
Developing international trade;
–
To promote the exchange of scientific and technical information and accelerate
scientific and technical progress;
–
To enable the acceleration of the introduction of standards, requirements and methods in
the field of product design and production, to improve the technical level and quality of
products, raw materials, materials, semi-finished products and components, to eliminate the
irrational diversity of types, brands and sizes of advanced methods and production of high-
quality products;
–
The development of integration and unification of industrial products as the most
important condition for the specialization of production;
–
Comprehensive mechanization and automation of production processes, increasing the
level of interchangeability, and organizing the efficiency of product use and repair;
–
Ensuring the uniformity and reliability of measurements in the country, creating and
improving state standards of units of physical quantities, as well as methods and measuring
instruments of the highest accuracy;
–
Development of classification and coding systems for unified documentation systems
for technical and economic information;
–
Adoption of uniform terms and definitions in the most important areas of science,
technology, and economics;
–
Formation of a system of occupational safety standards, a system of standards in the
field of environmental protection and improving the use of natural resources;
–
Creating favorable conditions for foreign trade, cultural, scientific and technical
relations.
We will consider the current process of implementing the ISO 9001 Standard at the Andijan
“FAYZ MILK SHAHRIXON” Maloko Products Manufacturing Enterprise and how this
standard will be effective in implementing it at the Andijan “Rashk Milk” Sour Cream and
Yogurt Products Manufacturing Enterprise . “FAYZ MILK SHAHRIXON” Enterprise
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produces dairy products. “Rashk Milk” Enterprise produces Sour Cream and Yogurt Products.
The enterprise will have the following advantages when implementing this international
standard ISO 9001.
–
Above all, it reduces customer complaints and increases customer satisfaction;
–
Puts customer expectations first, while ensuring better product design;
–
Reduces transaction costs by implementing good design;
–
Minimizes the costs of poor quality through a quality system approach;
–
Eliminates problems in any process;
–
Accelerates data flow;
–
Facilitates the identification of processes, selection, monitoring and evaluation of the
organization's suppliers;
–
It helps to allocate authority and responsibilities within the organization by identifying
processes;
–
Allows for effective management by setting rules;
–
Fulfills the passion of involving employees in work processes;
–
Improves the quality of employees by fostering continuous improvement in every area;
–
A systematic approach to problems between departments increases efficiency;
–
By implementing this document, the organization aims to ensure the competitiveness of
its products in the global market.
This means that if we implement the ISO 9001 Quality Management System in an enterprise,
the enterprise's management system will develop at a high level.
Discussion and results
When analyzing the work carried out in the field of introducing quality management systems in
the Republic of Uzbekistan, 1065 quality management system certificates were issued in 645
enterprises in 2022, and quality management system certification is carried out by 16 accredited
bodies. Also, 72 enterprises producing light industrial products have been allowed to produce
products based on the requirements of the international standard OEKO TEX, 6 enterprises
SEDEX, and 2 enterprises BCSI
4
.
When analyzing the indicators of harmonization with international requirements in the
field of standardization of enterprises in the Republic of Uzbekistan by sector, it can be
observed that the construction sector has the largest share. Also, the food industry (2154 units),
oil and gas (1354 units), chemical industry (1374 units), electric power (1467 units) and
Information Technologies (1124 units) have been harmonized with international standards.
Number of Companies Certified under ISO 9001 Standard
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Given the many reasons why enterprises need to implement and certify a quality
management system according to the requirements of the ISO 9001 International Standard, let's
consider options for their regulation and classification.
Causal factors can be divided into internal and external factors.
Internal reasons
are related to improving the efficiency and productivity of the enterprise.
Examples of such factors include improving product quality, streamlining internal processes,
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reducing costs, improving employee relations, establishing procedures for information
exchange and analysis, and preparing for the implementation of the “Total Quality
Management” concept.
External reasons
are related to the impact on the business environment surrounding the
enterprise (customers, suppliers, government agencies). In this case, an officially approved
document for the Quality Management System, that is, a certificate, is a means of this impact.
These include improving the corporate image, facilitating export activities, satisfying the
requirements of consumers in both domestic and foreign markets, improving relations with
government agencies, establishing trusting relationships with society, standing out from
competitors, gaining competitive advantage, and others.
On May 17, 2021, our President Shavkat Mirziyoyev reviewed the presentation of
measures to improve the national system of technical regulation, standardization, certification
and metrology. In particular, he made the following comments
6
:
–
Systematic work is being carried out in our country to develop industry, improve
product quality, and enter world markets. In particular, 19,000 of the approximately 30,000
standards existing in our country have been harmonized with international norms, and a register
of international standards has been formed.
–
5,600 outdated standards that negatively affected the mechanisms of a market economy
were withdrawn from practice, 3,500 were improved based on modern requirements. An
additional 26 technical regulations were developed in accordance with international analogues.
–
A quality system based on the "Global GAP" and "Organic" standards has been
introduced in 260 enterprises producing agricultural products and they have been certified at the
international level.
–
32 textile enterprises have been certified according to the "OEKO-TEX" standard. 21
enterprises have received a certificate confirming the "CE" marking required by the European
Union.
–
The Head of our state instructed officials to consider optimizing the list of products
subject to sanitary and epidemiological conclusions and abolishing the requirement for an
additional certificate of conformity.
–
Testing of imported products was carried out during the customs clearance process.
–
World experience is being used to improve the sector. In particular, in Europe, only 28
species are considered to be at high risk.
The product is subject to mandatory certification, while all other types of goods are confirmed
through a declaration of conformity.
–
Instructions were given to adopt international standards instead of 11,000 national
standards that were not harmonized with international requirements and to transfer all
enterprises to these standards from 2023.
–
The importance of organizing the activities of 20 testing laboratories within the
Uzstandart Agency system at an international level and, first of all, establishing an assessment
of the compliance of food, agricultural, electrical, light industry, hygiene and perfumery
products, as well as construction materials with international standards was emphasized.
–
Based on the norms of the World Trade Organization's agreements on technical barriers
to trade and sanitary and phytosanitary measures, the task was set to clearly define the powers
of the agencies responsible for these areas.
Conclusion:
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During this research, I was convinced of the importance of “International Standards in
Ensuring Product Quality”. In order for enterprises to produce high-quality products, the
organization must first implement the international quality management system of the ISO 9000
family in the process. Because this standard ensures the quality of the product during the
production process and the quality of the product production process. Products can be exported
to world markets through certificates of the international standard ISO 9000. Because in order
for an organization to export its products abroad, it must first certify its products through
international standards. In addition, quality control plays a special role in the process of
managing the quality of products of an enterprise. Because production efficiency largely
depends on the level of perfection of quality control, its technical equipment and organization.
References:
1.
Sotvoldiyeva Nasibakhan. (2022). QUALITY IN EXPORTING KNITTED
PRODUCTS. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development, 9, 234-240.
Retrieved from
https://ajird.journalspark.org/index.php/ajird/article/viev/296
.
2.
Medvedev AM International Standardization–M.: Standards Publishing House, 1998.
3.
Ismatullayev PR et al. Metrology, standardization and quality management. Tashkent,
2012.
4.
Saidmuradova TS (2021) Ways to develop a quality management mechanism to increase
the competitiveness of light industry products.
5.
Address of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev to the Oliy
Majlis. Measures of the Head of State to improve the national system of technical regulation,
standardization, certification and metrology May 17, 2021.
