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INTEGRATION OF CUSTOMS AND TRANSPORT LOGISTICS IN THE BORDER
REGION
Atakhanov Kozimjon Azamjonovich
Assistant of Andijan State Technical Institute
E-mail: HYPERLINK "mailto:ataxanov.kozimjon87@gmail.com"
ataxanov.kozimjon87@gmail.com
Tel.: +998914762011
Annotation.
Currently, in the context of international economic integration, measures are being
taken to eliminate existing barriers in border regions, innovative technologies are being
introduced in the field of customs administration, and proposals are being developed for the
reorganization and modernization of customs, logistics, and transport infrastructure. However,
experience shows that these actions will have a short-term effect or help reduce the time and
financial costs of foreign economic activity participants when transporting goods flows across
the customs borders of neighboring states.
Keywords.
Customs, transport logistics, integration, infrastructure, rail, transit, border,
experience, economic, international.
The globalization of business, the development of international economic integration processes,
as well as the increase in the volume of foreign trade flows determine the need to apply a
logistical approach in the customs sphere. Currently, one of the important problems hindering
the further development of logistics and the smooth movement of transit and foreign trade flows
through the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the current situation in the border regions
of the country. This is due to the low capacity of checkpoints across the state border, which, in
turn, creates serious obstacles to the formation of Uzbekistan's transit potential.
Currently, there is no publicly available information that accurately indicates the global
percentage of cargo flowing to Uzbekistan through the World Customs Union (for example, the
Eurasian Economic Union - EAEU).
However, based on several important indicators, it can be said:
At the end of 2023, Uzbekistan's total trade turnover with EAEU members (Russia,
Kazakhstan, Belarus, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan) was in the range of 25-35%.
According to this trade volume, a significant portion of cargo transit is also carried out
through the territories of the EAEU, but is protected by specific large parallel routes (for
example, through Trans-Caspian, Iran, and Pakistan).
It is impossible to state the exact global percentage of cargo transit through the EAEU through
Uzbekistan - there is no open statistics on this. However, depending on the form of trade,
Uzbekistan accounts for approximately 25-35% of EAEU trade in its ports, and this share in
freight turnover may also be close.
The main part of transit cargo transportation passing through the territory of the Republic of
Uzbekistan and the Customs Union is carried out by sea. At the same time, the Republic of
Uzbekistan has extensive opportunities for land transportation of transit cargo along the
railways of Uzbekistan.
It should be noted that the actions of JSC "Uzbekistan Railways" are aimed at reducing the
actual delivery time of goods along the railway. However, even if this positive result is
achieved, the high competitiveness of the railway transit line will not be fully realized due to
the significant time spent at customs borders. Thus, this necessitates a deeper integration of
functional areas of customs and transport logistics in border areas, as well as the development
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of methodological recommendations for resolving this situation[1]. Currently, in the context of
international economic integration, measures are being taken to eliminate existing barriers in
border regions, innovative technologies are being introduced in the field of customs
administration, and proposals are being developed for the reorganization and modernization of
customs, logistics, and transport infrastructure. However, experience shows that these actions
will have a short-term effect or help reduce the time and financial costs of foreign economic
activity participants in transporting goods flows across the customs borders of neighboring
countries[2].
Level of development of the scientific problem.
The theoretical foundations of international
economic integration, its forms, goals, conditions, conditions, advantages and disadvantages are
considered in the scientific works of a number of domestic and foreign scientists. However, the
extent to which this integration process is capable of influencing the process of transporting
foreign trade flows across the customs border and the extent to which the form of integration is
capable of influencing narrow economic scientific directions - these issues are not reflected. In
many scientific publications and official publications, methodological materials on the
formation of the transit potential of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the development of customs,
logistics, and transport infrastructure are presented in accordance with the topic. However, it
can be said that this problem is not sufficiently developed and requires further research.
Objectives and objectives of the study.
The purpose of the research is to develop scientific
and methodological recommendations for the integration of functional areas of customs and
transport logistics in the border region.
To achieve the set goal, the following tasks must be formulated and solved:
- the macroeconomic level of customs logistics, its essence, tasks, and subject composition are
considered;
- a typology of logistics infrastructure objects in the customs sphere is proposed;
- the infrastructural features of customs and transport logistics in the field of railway freight
transport should be disclosed;
- Identification of the main problems of developing the transit potential of the Republic of
Uzbekistan;
- conducting a factor analysis of foreign trade flows processes in the border region;
- consideration of the features of the application of information technologies in the customs
sphere;
- justification of the need to combine the functional directions of customs and transport logistics
in the border region;
- development of proposals for the unification of information and logistics systems;
- methodological recommendations for increasing the throughput capacity of railway border
checkpoints[3].
The object of research
is the functional directions of customs and transport logistics in the
border region.
The subject of the research
is the specifics of customs logistics in the field of railway freight
transportation.
The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the results of fundamental and
applied scientific works of scientists and specialists of the Republic of Uzbekistan and foreign
countries in the field of customs, supply chain management, customs and transport logistics.
The solution of scientific and practical problems is carried out using statistical analysis methods,
economic and statistical methods, generalization methods, structural-analytical grouping, and
expert evaluation methods[4].
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The information base of the study is data from official customs statistics, legislative and other
regulatory legal acts of the Customs Union and the Republic of Uzbekistan, materials of the
periodical economic press, analytical reviews, and documents published in official electronic
publications on the Internet[5].
The scientific novelty of the research results
is due to the need to integrate the functional
directions of customs and transport logistics in the border region through the application of
innovative technologies and information systems, the development of customs-logistics and
transport infrastructure.
Research results
:
- implementation of a typology of logistics infrastructure objects in the customs sphere by types
of ownership, types of logistics operations carried out, types of economic flows, nationality,
types of transport, territorial affiliation, which will allow the development of methodological
recommendations for increasing the throughput capacity of railway border crossings;
- identification and differentiation of factors influencing the timing and quality of customs
clearance at the checkpoint of railway trains across the state border;
- justification of the need and main directions for the integration of functional areas of customs
and transport logistics of the border territory, taking into account the need to minimize time
expenditures in the interaction of customs authorities, railway representatives, and participants
in foreign economic activity;
- the proposed algorithm for carrying out operations for processing vehicles using the
technology of remote identification of rolling stock numbers at the point of crossing the railway
border, which allows automating the process of tracking the flow of goods across the state
border;
- Methodological recommendations should be developed for the implementation of a set of
measures to increase the throughput capacity of border crossing points, taking into account the
technological characteristics of railway transport, the specifics of customs administration of
imported and exported cargo, and the need to organize electronic interaction[6].
Theoretical and practical significance of the research. The theoretical significance of the
research is substantiated by the following:
- defining the scientific and methodological foundations for the integration of functional areas
of customs and transport logistics in the border region;
- determination of the necessary conditions for the further innovative development of
integration processes of functional areas of customs and transport logistics in the field of
railway freight transportation;
- decision in favor of applying a comprehensive approach in the development of
methodological recommendations for increasing the throughput capacity of railway border
crossings[7].
The practical significance of the research lies in the implementation of organizational changes
at checkpoints across the state border, the targeted direction of proposals for increasing their
throughput capacity. The scientific and theoretical developments proposed in the work can be
used in planning and distributing the operations and capabilities of border crossing points, in
order to improve their qualitative and quantitative indicators.
REFERENCES:
1.
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated March 10, 2022 No. UP-
101 "On the Strategy for the Development of the Transport and Logistics System."
2.
World Customs Organization. "Customs in the 21st Century" - WCO Research Paper
Series.
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RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
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eISSN :2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume 12, issue 08 (2025)
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3.
Akhmedov A.A. "Transport Logistics and Customs Processes," Tashkent, 2021.
4.
World Bank. "Doing Business 2023: Trading Across Borders."
5.
UNCTAD. "Review of Maritime Transport 2023."
6.
- official website of the State Customs Committee of the Republic of
Uzbekistan.
7.
Komilov S.R., Rasulov B.T. "International Economic Integration: Theory and Practice."
Tashkent, 2020.
