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PHYTONEMATODES REPRESENTATIVES OF THE ORDER TYLENCHIDA
(FILIPJEV, 1934) THORNE, 1949 ON POMEGRANATE AGROCENOES OF SOUTH
UZBEKISTAN
Turopova Mukhlisa
PhD student at Termez State University
of Engineering and Agrotechnology
ABSTRACT:
The article provides data on the distribution of phytonematodes by
representatives of the order Tylenchida (Filipjev, 1934) Thorne, 1949 on pomegranate
agrocenoses of southern (Surkhandarya and Kashkadarya) regions of Uzbekistan. As a result of
the study, 40 species of plant nematodes were registered in the root system and root soil of
pomegranate plants.
KEYWORDS:
Phytonematodes, pomegranate agrocenoses, root system, rhizosphere,
phytohelminths of nonspecific pathogenic effect, phytohelminths of specific pathogenic effect.
INTRODUCTION
Phytoparasitic nematodes among parasites and pests of wild and cultivated plants are not the
last in nature.
The order Tylenchida occupies a special place in the system of phytohelminthology, since it
includes the central and most important group of phytonematodes, represented by typical
phytohelminths: pathogenic forms that cause plant diseases - phytohelminthiases.
When studying some crops and their nematological fauna, it turns out that yield losses are
determined not only by the harmful activity of the “stylet nematodes” of the tylenchid order.
The forms of this group of nematodes are also involved in the processes of saprobiotic decay
and expand the volume of affected areas of plant tissue as a result of vigorous inoculating
function [6, 446 p.].
On the territory of Central Asia, phytonematodes of cultivated and wild-growing pomegranate
were first studied by Sh.Kh. Khurramov and A.S. Bekmuradov [1, P.782-784., 2, 92 p., 7, P.
146-157., 8, 333 p.].
MATERIALS AND METODS
In order to study the species composition and distribution, bioecological features of
phytonematodes of pomegranate agrocenoses in the period from 2005-2019 we collected
phytonematodes from the root soil and root system of plants in 34 shirkat farms from 17
districts of the Surkhandarya and Kashkadarya regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The
studies were carried out by the generally accepted route method [5; P. 338-369].
During the phytohelminthological study, 1700 samples of soil and root system of pomegranate
plants were collected and analyzed. Phytonematodes were removed by the Berman funnel
method and fixed with 4% formalin solution. Enlightenment of nematodes was carried out in a
mixture of glycerin with alcohol (1:3), and permanent preparations on glycerin were prepared
for in-office processing of the material according to the Seinhorst method [9; P. 67-69.]. Soil
samples for the presence of cyst nematodes were usually analyzed according to the standard
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Decker method [3; 447 p.]. Preparations for the determination of the types of root-knot
nematodes were prepared according to the well-known method of E.S. Kiryanova, E.L. Krall [4;
447 p.].
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
For the entire period of phytohelminthological studies of pomegranate agrocenoses in the
southern regions of Uzbekistan, representatives of the order Tylenchida, we identified 40
species of phytonematodes. Detected species belonging to 3 suborders (Tylenchina,
Criconematina, Hexatylina), 6 superfamilies (Tylenchoidea, Dolichodoroidea, Hoplolaimoidea,
Criconematoidea, Anguinoidea, Sphaerularioidea), nine families (Tylenchidae, Dolichodoridae,
Psilenchidae, Hoplolaimidae, Pratylenchidae, Meloidogynidae, Paratylenchidae, Anguinidae,
Sphaerulariidae), in 12 subfamilies (Tylenchinae, Dolichodoridae, Tylenchorhynchinae,
Psilenchinae,
Rotylenchinae,
Rotylenchoidinae,
Pratylenchinae,
Meloidogyninae,
Paratylenchinae, Anguininae, Nothotylenchinae, Sphaerulariinae) and 16 genera (Tylenchus,
Filenchus, Aglenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, Bitylenchus, Quinisulcius, Merlnius, Psilenchus,
Rotylenchus , Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus, Meloidogyne, Paratylenchus, Ditylenchus,
Nothotylenchus, Prothallonema).
Phytohelminths of nonspecific pathogenic effect.
In our material, they are represented by 15
species:
Tylenchus davainei Bastian, 1865 was registered in the roots and rhizosphere of pomegranate
plants in Shurchi, Saryassiya, Muzrabad, Angor districts of Surkhandarya region and Karshi,
Kitab, Yakkabag districts of Kashkadarya region.
Filenchus filiformis (Butschli, 1873) Meyl, 1961 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of
pomegranate plants in Shurchi, Baysun, Denau, Kumkurgan, Saryassiya, Termez, Muzrabad,
Angor districts of Surkhandarya region and Karshi, Kitab, Yakkabag districts of Kashkadarya
regions.
F. infirmus (Andrassy, 1952) Andrassy, 1976 was found in the rhizosphere of
pomegranate plants in the Termez district of the Surkhandarya region.
F. leptosoma (De Man, 1880) Andrassy, 1972 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of
pomegranate plants in the Bandykhan and Angor districts of the Surkhandarya region.
F. polyhypnus Steiner et Albin, 1946 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of pomegranate
plants in the Angor district of the Surkhandarya region.
F. thornei (Andrassy, 1954) Andrassy, 1980 was recorded in the roots and
rhizosphere of pomegranate plants in the Angor district of the Surkhandarya region and the
Kitab district of the Kashkadarya region.
Aglenchus agricola (De Man, 1884) Meyl, 1961 was found in the rhizosphere of pomegranate
plants in Muzrabad district of Surkhandarya region.
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Psilenchus hilarulus De Man, 1921 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of pomegranate
plants in Shurchi, Baysun, Kumkurgan, Muzrabad and Angor districts of Surkhandarya region.
D. intermedius (De Man, 1880) Filipjev, 1936 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of
pomegranate plants of the Altynsai, Angor districts of the Surkhandarya region and the Kitab
district of the Kashkadarya region.
D. myceliophagus Goodey, 1958 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of pomegranate plants
in Denau, Altynsai, Saryassiya, Dzharkurgan, Muzrabad and Angor districts of Surkhandarya
region.
D. triformis Hirshmann et Sasser, 1955 was registered in the roots and rhizosphere of
pomegranate plants in Bandykhan, Muzrabad districts of Surkhandarya region and Kitab,
Yakkabag districts of Kashkadarya region.
Nothotylenchus acris Thorne, 1941 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of pomegranate
plants in the Saryassiya and Muzrabad districts of the Surkhandarya region.
N. exiguus Andrassy, 1958 was found in the rhizosphere of pomegranate plants in the
Termez district of the Surkhandarya region.
N. аllii Khan et Siddiqi, 1968 found in the rhizosphere of pomegranate plants in the
Dzharkurgan district of the Surkhandarya region.
Prothallonema asymmetricus Thorne, 1941 was found in the rhizosphere of pomegranate plants
in the Saryassiya district of the Surkhandarya region.
Phytohelminths of specific pathogenic effect.
In our research, they are represented by 25
species:
Tylenchorhynchus cylindricus Cobb, 1913 was recorded in the roots and rhizosphere of
pomegranate plants in the Karshi, Kitab, and Yakkabag districts of the Kashkadarya region.
T.brassicae Siddiqi, 1961 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of pomegranate plants in the
Kitab district of the Kashkadarya region.
T.claytoni Steiner, 1937 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of pomegranate plants in the
Yakkabag district of the Kashkadarya region.
Bitylenchus dubius (Butschli, 1873) Siddiqi, 1986 was registered in the roots and rhizosphere
of pomegranate plants in Shurchi, Baysun, Denau, Kumkurgan, Saryassiya, Dzharkurgan,
Muzrabad, Angor districts of Surkhandarya region and Karshi, Kitab, Yakkabag districts of
Kashkadarya regions.
Quinisulcius capitatus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1971 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of
pomegranate plants in Muzrabad and Angor districts of Surkhandarya region.
Merlnius brevidens (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1975 was recorded in the roots and rhizosphere of
pomegranate plants in the Karshi, Kitab, and Yakkabag districts of the Kashkadarya region.
Rotylenchus robustus (De Man, 1876) Filipjev, 1934 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of
pomegranate plants in the Karshi, Kitab, and Yakkabag districts of the Kashkadarya region.
R. goodeyi Loof et Oostenbrink, 1958 found in the rhizosphere of pomegranate plants in the
Baysun district of the Surkhandarya region.
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Helicotylenchus dihystera (Cobb, 1893) Sher, 1961 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of
pomegranate plants in the Termez and Angor districts of the Surkhandarya region and the
Karshi, Kitab, and Yakkabag districts of the Kashkadarya region.
H. digitiformis Ivanova, 1967 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of pomegranate plants in
the Karshi, Kitab and Yakkabag districts of the Kashkadarya region.
H. digonicus Perry, 1959 was recorded in the roots and rhizosphere of pomegranate plants in
the Angor district of the Surkhandarya region and the Karshi, Kitab, and Yakkabag districts of
the Kashkadarya region.
H. erythrinae (Zimmermann, 1904) Golden, 1956 found in the roots and rhizosphere of
pomegranate plants in the Shurchi, Baysun, Altynsai, Kumkurgan, Saryassiya, Uzun,
Bandykhan, Sherabad, Termez, Muzrabad, Angor districts of the Surkhandarya region and the
Karshi, Kitab, and Yakkabag districts of the Kashkadarya region.
H. multicinctus (Cobb, 1893) Golden, 1956 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of
pomegranate plants in the Angor district of the Surkhandarya region.
H. pseudorobustus (Steiner, 1914) Golden, 1956 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of
pomegranate plants in the Dzharkurgan and Angor districts of the Surkhandarya region.
H. varicaudatus Yuen, 1964 was registered in the roots and rhizosphere of pomegranate plants
in the Kitab district of the Kashkadarya region.
Pratylenchus pratensis (De Man, 1880) Filipjev, 1936 found in the roots and rhizosphere of
pomegranate plants in Shurchi, Baysun, Denau, Altynsai, Kumkurgan, Saryassiya, Bandykhan,
Dzharkurgan, Termez, Muzrabad, Angor districts of the Surkhandarya region and the Karshi,
Kitab, and Yakkabag districts of the Kashkadarya region.
P. crenatus Loof, 1960 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of pomegranate plants in the
Karshi, Kitab, and Yakkabag districts of the Kashkadarya region.
P. manohari Quraishi, 1982 was recorded in the roots and rhizosphere of pomegranate plants in
the Kitab and Yakkabag districts of the Kashkadarya region.
P. neglectus (Rensch, 1924) Filipjev et Sch. Stekchoven, 1941 was found in the roots and
rhizosphere of pomegranate plants in the Kitab and Karshi districts of the Kashkadarya region.
P.penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filipjev et Sch. Stekchoven, 1941 was found in the roots and
rhizosphere of pomegranate plants in the Karshi, Kitab and Yakkabag districts of the
Kashkadarya region.
Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid et White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 was found in the roots and
rhizosphere of pomegranate plants in Denau, Uzun, Dzharkurgan, Sherabad, Angor districts of
Surkhandarya region and Karshi, Kitab, Yakkabag districts of Kashkadarya region.
M. javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of
pomegranate plants in the Angor district of the Surkhandarya region.
Paratylenchus bukowinensis Micoletzky, 1922 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of
pomegranate plants in the Kitab and Karshi districts of the Kashkadarya region.
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P. hamatus Thorne et Allen, 1950 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of pomegranate plants
in the Jarkurgan, Termez, Muzrabad and Angor districts of the Surkhandarya region.
Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kuhn, 1857) Filipjev, 1936 was registered in the roots and rhizosphere of
pomegranate plants in the Altynsay, Saryassiya, Uzun, Termez, Angor districts of the
Surkhandarya region and the Karshi, Kitab, Yakkabag districts of the Kashkadarya region.
CONCLUSION
During research from phytohelminths of a nonspecific pathogenic effect, the species Filenchus
filiformis, Psilenchus hilarulus, D. intermedius, D. myceliophagus, D. triformis were identified
in numerous specimens in the roots and rhizosphere of pomegranate plants. Among the
phytohelminths of a specific pathogenic effect, the dominant species were Tylenchorhynchus
cylindricus, Bitylenchus dubius, Quinisulcius capitatus, Merlnius brevidens, Rotylenchus
robustus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, H. erythrinae.
The results of the phytohelminthological study showed that phytonematodes of the order
Tylenchida cause serious diseases in pomegranate agrocenoses in the southern regions of
Uzbekistan and cause great economic damage to the fruit growing of the Republic. Therefore,
the study of the distribution and species composition, bioecological features and substantiation
of measures to combat these pests is of great scientific and practical importance.
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