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THE RELATIONSHIP OF UTERINE INDICATORS OF HOLSTEIN COWS OF
DIFFERENT BREEDINGS TO MILK PRODUCTIVITY
(PhD);
Mirsaidova Zuhra Shukhrat kizi,
(PhD) Associate Professor;
Khuzhamov Jurabek Nayimovich.
Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Husbandry and Biotechnology
Annotat ion.
In this article, the morphofunctional characteristics of the udder of Holstein cows
belonging to different selections (udder shape and teat length, circumference, width, and
conditional size of the udder) were compared and studied depending on the type of constitution,
and data were presented.
Keywords:
selection , breed , herd function , shoulder morphology , udder conditional size ,
cup-shaped , tub-shaped , udder shaped , cylindrical , conical .
Аннатация:
В данной статье сопоставлены и изучены морфофункциональные
характеристики вымени коров голштинской породы, принадлежащих к разным селекциям
(форма вымени и длина сосков, окружность, ширина и условный размер вымени) в
зависимости от типа конституции, а также представлены данные.
Introduction .
The further development of the dairy industry in the world, the supply of
consumer products to the population and the increase in the types of these products are of great
practical importance. In our republic, great attention is paid to the livestock sector, which is
provided for in the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 28,
2022 No. PF-60 " On the Development Strategy of the New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026 " ,
decisions are the result of the attention paid to the livestock sector . In our research, scientific
research conducted on dairy cattle is aimed at providing the population with high-quality milk
and dairy products. This indicates the relevance of the topic of studying the morphofunctional
characteristics of the milk-producing organ (mammary alveoli) in cows.
Materials and methods. Scientific research was conducted at the “Siyob Shavkat Orzu”
cattle breeding farm to determine
the dependence of udder indicators of Holstein cows of
different selections on the type of constitution . Three groups were divided for the experiment:
Group I - Dutch (thin-dense, strong constitution types), Group II - German (thin-dense, strong
constitution types), Group III - Danish selection (thin-dense, strong constitution types), n=10
heads of each constitution type were taken.
The results obtained and their analysis.
The results of our research showed that the udder
shape (tub-shaped, cup-shaped) and teat shape (cylindrical, conical) of cows in the experimental
groups differed significantly . Differentiation was observed in the different selections in our
experimental group. In the experimental group of cows on the dairy farm, it was determined that
all cows had a tub-shaped and cup-shaped udder , which is a well-known indicator in
zootechnics . In Holstein cows of groups I, II and III, the proportion of cows with a thin-dense
constitution type with a tub-shaped udder was from 40 to 50 percent, while cows with a strong
constitution were 40-70 percent, while Holstein cows with a thin-dense type with a cup-shaped
udder were 50-60 percent, and cows with a strong constitution were 30-60 percent.
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The udder shape of the tub-shaped udder was more common in cows of the I experimental group
with a strong constitution type, equal to 70 percent. Their counterparts in the I group with a thin-
dense, II group with a thin-dense and strong constitution type, and III group with a thin-dense
and strong constitution type had a higher udder shape of 20.0; 20.0; 10.0; 30.0 and 30.0 percent,
respectively
Most of the groups of cows in our experimental farm had cylindrical teats. In the experimental
group of group I, group II, group III, the proportion of thin-dense constitution type cows of
different selections was 60 percent, and in the group I, group II, group III, the proportion of
strong constitution type Holstein cows was 50-60 percent. In the thin-dense constitution type
Holstein cows with conical teats, the proportion of thin-dense constitution type cows of group I,
group II, group III was 40 percent, while in the cows of different selections of strong constitution
type it was around 40-50 percent.
When evaluated based on appearance and exterior dimensions, it was found that the udder of the
cows in the experimental groups of different selections was located densely in the abdominal
area. The mammary glands were clearly visible in the Holstein cows of different selections in the
experiment, depending on the type of constitution, the cows had a mostly horizontal udder, and
in order to obtain complete information and analyze the main dimensions of the udder, the udder
was studied (Table 2).
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According to Table 2, the udder size of the Holstein breed varied depending on the type of
constitution. In experimental studies, the highest indicators were observed in cows of the thin-
dense and strong constitution type of group I, and their udder circumference in the II lactation
was proportionally higher than that of cows of the experimental groups II and III: thin-dense type
group I, 1.3 cm. or 1.07 percent, 2.3 cm. or 1.89 percent, group I, strong constitution type group
II and III, 0.8 cm. or 0.66 percent, 2.1 cm. or 1.74 percent, udder length 1.4 cm. or 3.7 percent,
2.5 cm. or 6.6 percent, strong type 1.3 cm. or 3.5 percent, 2.4 cm. or 6.5 percent, udder width 1.0
cm. or 3.1 percent, 2.0 cm. or 6.3 percent, solid type 1.1 cm. or 3.5 percent, 1.8 cm. or 5.7
percent; front udder depth 0.6 cm. or 2.1 percent, 1.0 cm. or 3.5 percent, solid type Holstein
cows 0.4 cm. or 1.4 percent, 1.0 cm. or 3.6 percent, rear udder depth 0.5 cm. or 1.6 percent, 1.4
cm. or 4.5 percent, solid type 0.7 cm. or 2.2 percent, 1.5 cm. or 4.8 percent, conditional volume
of the udder 109.2 cm
3
or 3.1 percent, 184.9 cm
3
or 5.3 percent, solid constitution type 70.5 cm
3
or 2.1 percent, 177.8 cm
3
or 5.2 percent; length of the hind teats 0.04 cm. or 0.5 percent, 0.09 cm.
or 1.1 percent, solid 0.04 cm. or 0.5 percent, 0.10 cm. or 1.2 percent; length of the front teats
0.11 cm. or 1.4 percent, 0.27 cm. or 3.5 percent, solid 0.11 cm. or 1.42 percent, 0.26 cm. or 3.4
percent, diameter of the teats 0.01 cm. or 0.4 percent, 0.05 cm. or 2.2 percent, solid 0.01 cm or
0.4 percent, 0.06 cm. or 2.6 percent; milk yield rate was 0.39 kg/min or 17.2 percent, 0.44
kg/min or 19.5 percent, solid 0.16 kg/min or 6.9 percent, 0.55 kg/min or 23.8 percent higher.
In terms of udder indices, cows of group I with a thin-dense and strong constitution type were
superior to cows of group II and III with a thin-dense and strong constitution type by 0.4 or 0.9
percent; 0.8 or 1.8; 0.5 or 1.1 percent and 0.8 or 1.7 percent.
Conclusion.
Thus, in the studies, in addition to udder size indicators, milk yield rate, teat
diameter, and udder indices, which are selected in dairy herds in the second lactation of cows,
are of great practical importance in terms of their compliance with modern requirements.
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