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ETHNIC COMPOSITION AND LOCATION FEATURES OF THE POPULATION OF THE
FERGANA VALLEY
O.A. Abdig'apparov
teacher, JDPU
Annotatsiya:
O‘troqlashayotgan turklar, tabiiyki, asosan, o‘zlari ko‘chib yurgan joylarda
o‘troqlashganlar. Shuning uchun Farg‘ona vodiysidagi turk qishloqlari g‘arbdan boshlanib sharqda
tugallanadigan, vodiyni janubdan o‘rab turuvchi adir yonlarida joylashgan.
Kalit so‘z:
Qarluq, yag‘ma, chigil, ashpar, chog‘rak, qovchin, jaloir, barlos, nayman, xitoy, baxrin,
tog‘ay, arg‘in.
Аннотация:
Расселяющиеся тюрки, естественно, в основном селились в тех местах, куда они
перемещались. Поэтому турецкие селения в Ферганской долине расположены по склонам
холмов, которые начинаются с запада и заканчиваются на востоке и окружают долину с юга.
Ключевые слова:
Карлук, Ягма, Чигил, Ашпар, Чограк, Ковчин, Джалуар, Барлос, Найман,
Хитоин, Бахрин, Тогай, Аргин.
Abstract:
The settling Turks, naturally, settled mainly in the places where they moved. Therefore,
Turkish villages in the Fergana Valley are located on the slopes of the hills that begin in the west
and end in the east and surround the valley from the south.
Keywords:
Karluk, Yagma, Chigil, Ashpar, Chograk, Kovchin, Jaluar, Barlos, Naiman, Khitoin,
Bakhrin, Togay, Argin.
The level and scope of development of interethnic relations in a particular historical and
ethnographic region largely depends on the ethnic composition of the population of this region. It
is known that interethnic relations between different ethnic communities are most intense in areas
where ethnic groups live mixed or side by side. The Fergana Valley has long been considered a
region of such ethnocommunication. In the period under study, the main part of the population of
the valley was made up of Uzbeks, Tajiks and Kyrgyz. In addition, many ethnic groups that
migrated to this region at different stages of history also lived. The Uzbek people, formed on a
local ethnic basis, united many ethnic components in themselves at the turn of the 19th and 20th
centuries, and the following three ethnic "layers" were clearly manifested in the period under
study.
The rural and urban population, which has been living in a settled manner since ancient
times, engaged in agriculture, crafts and trade, and is not divided into clans and tribes, formed as
a result of the long ethnogenetic assimilation (mixture) of the Iranian-speaking peoples with the
Turkic ethnos and other ethnic components. In Russian-language literature, the term "sort" is
used for this stratum of the population. The term "sort" is a name given by nomadic and semi-
nomadic peoples to the settled population living in a number of regions of the Central Asian
region, in particular, in the Fergana Valley, Tashkent, and the Khorezm oasis. The second ethnic
stratum, called "early tribes" in the scientific literature, included the descendants of the Turkic
and Turkic-Mongol tribes who lived in the central regions of Central Asia, including the Fergana
Valley, before the arrival of the Dashti-Kipchak Uzbeks. Tribes belonging to this ethnic group,
such as the Qarluq, Yagma, Chigil, Ashpar, Chograk, Qovchin, Jaloir, Barlos, Naiman, Khitoy,
Bahrin, Togay, Argin, and Balych, formed a relatively large majority in the Fergana Valley. In
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the 19th and early 20th centuries, these tribes were referred to by a common name, that is, the
ethnonym "Turk".[1.b.12]
The Dashti Kipchak tribes, such as Chunonchi, Kirq, Yuz, Ming, Kun'gorat, Kenegas, Qatagon,
Saray, Tama, Mangit, and Boka, who migrated to the Fergana Valley at the beginning of the 16th
century, are considered the third largest ethnic group in the formation of the Uzbek people. The
total number of semi-nomadic (semi-sedentary) Uzbeks with a diverse clan-tribal structure in the
valley, according to the statistical data of that time, was more than 215,000. [2.b.29] These semi-
nomadic (semi-sedentary) Uzbeks united a number of sub-ethnic groups in their composition,
among which such ethnographic groups as Turks, Kipchaks, Yuz, Kurama, and Bing were
numerically more numerous than other sub-ethnic groups in the Fergana Valley. The Turks are
one of the main layers of the ethnic composition of the Uzbek people. They have lived in Central
Asia, in particular the Fergana Valley, since ancient times, have constantly settled and have been
in ethnogenetic and cultural relations with the local peoples. The Turks are considered to have
entered the territory of Central Asia much earlier than the Shaybanis in scientific literature. are
considered descendants of previously settled Turkic, Turko-Mongol tribes98. The main part of
the representatives of this ethnic community by the period we are considering had already settled
down, had already assimilated into the local settled - "Uzbek" population. At the same time, a
certain part of them had preserved their ethnic features (ethnonym, economic and cultural
uniqueness) for many centuries and were distinguished by these features from other surrounding
ethnic groups.
For example, in the population censuses of 1897 and 1926, the Turks were considered "people",
while in the statistical data of 1917 and 1920 they were recognized as a "separate tribal group". In
1897, the total number of Turks in Fergana was 14,441, and in 1926 - 24,279. The 1926 census
also shows that the majority of the "Turks" lived in the Andijan and Fergana regions. Of the
24,279 Turks in the valley, 20,063 lived in the Andijan and Fergana regions, and 4,216 in the
Osh and Jalalabad regions.103 Like all nomadic and semi-nomadic pastoral peoples, the Turks
were also characterized by tribal divisions. An analysis of the literature shows that the Turks,
Barlos, Musa-Bazari, and Kaltatoy tribes were considered the most influential and numerous
groups of Turks in Central Asia.[3.b.4] According to S.S. Gubaeva, the Fergana Valley was
inhabited mainly by the Barlos and Kaltatoy tribes of Turks. At the same time, the researcher
shows, based on toponymic data, that small Turkic tribes also lived in a number of villages of the
Fergana Valley. For example, in the Aravon district of the Osh region, such small "Turkic" tribes
as Karrak, Beshkaram, Kokyallabosh, Yomntürk, Chojlar, Tanchrik, Kyochitogor, Kaltatopi,
Supanlik, Qingirlar, Sutkhor, Kaltatoy are located.
It is also known that there were a number of small "Turkic" tribes in the districts of the Andijan
region. In the Marhamat district, mainly belonging to the Barlos tribe, there were Turkitugyon,
Sutkhor, Yapolokbosh, Supanlik, Yortons, small groups of Turks such as the Kistokoz, Mirzalor,
Palavatopi and Moltopi were recorded. According to S.S. Gubaeva, the Turks were mainly the
Barlos tribe in the Khojaabad district. This researcher found that small groups of Turks such as
the Kuvakalmak, Supanlik, Yapalaqbosh, and Kistokoz lived here. It was also indicated that such
small groups of Turks lived in the Kuva, Kuvasoy, and Okhunboboev districts of the valley.
[4.b.69] It is known that a large group of Turks also lived in Oratepa, located near the city of
Khujand.
As can be seen from the above information, the Turks settled mainly in the southeastern regions
of the valley. Sh.I. The ethnic map of the Fergana Valley compiled by Inogamov and Ya.R.
Vinnikov shows the location of the settlements of the "Turks" in exactly the same way. [5.p.405]
At the same time, when talking about the location of the Turks along the valley, one should not
ignore this idea expressed by S.S. Gubaeva. "The materials I have collected," she writes, "allow
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us to supplement this information. During their migrations, the Turks, first of all, chose a place
convenient for grazing their sheep. In Fergana, such places are mainly uncultivated hilly and
adirondack plains. The settled Turks, naturally, settled mainly in the places where they migrated.
Therefore, the Turkish villages in the Fergana Valley are located on the sides of the hills that start
from the west and end in the east, surrounding the valley from the south. [6.b.37] The Yuzlar are
also one of the large Turkic-speaking Uzbek tribes that lived in the Fergana Valley in the 19th
and early 20th centuries. During this period, the majority of them lived in the Zamin and Uratepa
regions adjacent to the valley[7.b.222]. A large group of the Yuzlar is currently located in the
Nov and J. Rasulov (formerly Proletar) districts of the Fergana Valley, which are now part of the
Khujand region. In addition, it is known that the Yuzlar lived in several villages in the Balikchi,
Asaka, Shahrikhan districts of the Andijan region, and Buva districts of the Fergana region. The
arrival of the Huns in Central Asia is associated with the arrival of the Dashti-Kipchak Uzbek
tribes led by Shaybani Khan in this region in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. The Huns
were also divided into several parts, and in the valley area there were their subdivisions known as
the Marka, Korapchi and Kirq, and they were usually called by the ethnonyms Marka-Yuz,
Karapchi-Yuz and Kirq-Yuz. These subdivisions were also divided into a number of small tribes.
For example, small clans of the Yuz people such as Boloi-Azim, Barchavek-Yuz, Chang-Yuz,
Devonbegi, Kallar, Kipchak, Naiman, Mulla-Topi, Napkarach-Yuz, Sirgali, Khashtiak, Chauken,
Erganakli-Yuz and Chorkesar were recorded in the valley.[8.b.67]
The Kipchaks are another Turkic-speaking ethnic group, and during the long ethnic and
interethnic processes, they actively participated in the formation of the Uzbek, Kyrgyz, Kazakh,
Karakalpak and similar Turkic peoples, becoming an important component of them. There are
different opinions about the appearance of the Kipchaks in the Fergana Valley. One group of
researchers, in particular N.A. Aristov, notes that they arrived here at the beginning of the 16th
century as part of the troops of Shaybani Khan1, while V.P. Nalivkin believes that the majority of
the Kipchaks settled in Fergana in the 17th century. K.Sh. Shoniyozov, addressing the issue of
the Kipchaks settling in the Fergana Valley, associates this event with a more precise date - the
late 1820s - early 1830s.
In conclusion, a number of researchers consider the Kirgs to be a
separate steppe Kipchak tribe, noting that it was during this period that a large group of Kipchaks,
fleeing from Kalmyk persecution, settled in the mountainous and foothill regions of North
Fergana.
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7. Гребенкин А.Д. Узбеки … – С. 91-93; Мухтаров А. Очерки истории Ура-Тюбинского
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