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FORMATION OF NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN STUDENTS OF GENERAL
SECONDARY EDUCATION AS AN ACTUAL PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEM
Mamadjanova Mokhimir Rashidovna
Senior Lecturer, Department of “Uzbek Language and Literature, Languages”
Andijan State Medical Institute
Annotation:
This article focuses on the fact that the formation of national consciousness in
students of general secondary education is an urgent pedagogical problem.
Keywords:
national consciousness, customs, traditions, values, spirituality, development,
upbringing, formation, factor, pedagogical influence, national pride, national pride and awareness
of national identity.
National consciousness is the level of conscious approach by people of a certain nationality to
the effective organization of social relations and life activities based on national values. In
philosophical sources, the concept of “national consciousness” is defined as follows: “the single
language, customs, traditions, values, and spirituality of the nation are considered an important
criterion for their development from the bottom up, from the simple to the complex [3]. In turn,
the development of national consciousness raises the level of self-awareness of each nation.
In illuminating the essence of activities aimed at forming national consciousness in students,
concepts such as “development”, “education”, “shaping”, “factor”, “pedagogical influence”,
“national pride”, “national pride” and “understanding of national identity” appear as basic
concepts. In order to positively solve the research problem, a full understanding of the content of
these concepts is required.
In many literatures, it is noted that the concepts of “formation”, “development”, “education”, and
in some sources, “socialization” have a single logic. There are also views that the concepts of
"formation" and "development" are complementary concepts. According to them, the idea is put
forward that the process of formation is development, and the process of development occurs on
the basis of formation.
The upbringing of a person occurs during the organization of the upbringing process,
determining certain spiritual and moral, volitional and personal qualities in a person. Upbringing
is considered a general and important category of social life. At the same time, as a social
phenomenon, it has a number of features. For example, transferring the experience accumulated
by ancestors to generations, acquiring knowledge created by mankind, ensuring human health and
development, shaping a worldview, etc. The effectiveness of the upbringing process is determined
by the clear definition of the goal, the results of the activity organized on the basis of the activity,
and the indicators reflected in its content.
Based on the above considerations, it should be noted that the formation of national
consciousness in students is a process of pedagogical activity that requires a long-term, systematic
and consistent approach. This process is considered an important component of the integrated
process of implementing the social goal of educating a well-rounded person and a qualified
specialist.
In order to determine the formation of national consciousness in students of general secondary
education, it is necessary to understand the essence of this concept. Therefore, based on the
INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
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eISSN :2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume 12, issue 04 (2025)
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analysis of its coverage in sources, we will try to create criteria that will help determine the level
of formation of national consciousness in students.
A sense of national pride is an opportunity to be proud of one's national affiliation. A sense of
national pride is an opportunity to be proud of the rich history, cultural and spiritual heritage of
one's nation, its contribution to world civilization. A sense of national pride is a powerful force
that encourages awareness of one's identity and understanding of others.
It is clear that in this case the concept of pride is recognized as a feeling specific to the individual,
and the concept of pride is recognized as a feeling specific to the nation. This is precisely what is
accepted as an indicator of the difference between them. From the definition given to both
concepts, it can be concluded that the concept of pride has an individual nature, and the concept of
pride has a social nature.
National pride (iftikhor), - the sources define it as - a concept expressing a sense of pride in the
material and spiritual heritage left by ancestors, the contribution of one's people to world
civilization, their dignity and respect before other nations, formed on the basis of the national self-
awareness of an individual or social group.
This feeling manifests itself in the following forms in a person:
being proud of the achievements, prestige and attention of the nation, not being indifferent to its
problems;
being passionate about the fate of one's people, nation;
preserving the material and spiritual heritage of one's nation;
respecting the customs, traditions, and values of the people, caring about their enrichment and
improvement;
demonstrating love for one's people, nation in practical activities.
National pride, national honor, means not only fighting for the prosperity and development of
the nation, people to which one belongs For example, at the same time, it requires respect for
people of other nationalities. A spiritually mature person with such a feeling can distinguish
nationality from nationalism, true national pride from nationalism, and does not belittle the self-
esteem and pride of representatives of other nationalities. In addition, a person with a sense of
national pride and honor develops a sense of national identity.
Understanding national identity is not nationalism, but being proud of one's nation, people,
traditions, customs, place of birth, homeland, language, religion, generations, ancestors,
profession, genealogy, family, caring for them, and respecting other peoples and nationalities.
Studying the sources on the issue, it was found that the following play an important role in the
process of forming national consciousness in a person:
1. National affiliation is a state, status that expresses the fact that a person is a representative of a
certain nation. This concept also serves to express the lineage of a person.
The fact that the parents or dynasty are representatives of a particular nation guarantees the
manifestation of the characteristics of this nation in children. The status of the mother is important
in determining national affiliation.
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2. National feeling, psyche (national psychology) is a characteristic that reflects the subject's
important attitude to the object, the content of this attitude, which is manifested in social relations,
the person's influence on the environment. A person with a national feeling should be able to feel
that he is a representative of the nation, and the lifestyle he leads should be in harmony with that
of his compatriots.
3. National character is a set of stable psychological characteristics reflected in the psyche of
representatives of a nation, which is also reflected in their attitude to social existence. The
integrity of the lifestyle, social goals, life activities and spiritual experiences of representatives of
a nation serves to express the leading psychological characteristics inherent in the national
character [3].
4. National self-awareness is the understanding of each nation (people) as a real entity, a
representative of certain material and spiritual wealth, a single language, customs, traditions,
values and belonging to the state, the commonality of interests and needs. National self-awareness
serves to adequately assess the place of the nation in the world community and its impact on its
overall development.
5. National pride is an internal psychological mood that occurs as a result of the self-awareness of
each nation. This feeling is a feeling of pride in one's native land, the material and spiritual
heritage left by one's ancestors, the contributions of one's nation to world civilization, and the
dignity and respect it enjoys in the eyes of other nations. ... National pride is formed in every
person as a result of mastering the material and spiritual heritage of his nation, perfect knowledge
of its customs, traditions, values, history and comparison with other nations, and thereby increases
his love for his nation”[1].
Having national pride not only expresses pride in the achievements made by the nation to which
he belongs during its historical development, in the contribution of the nation to world civilization,
but also a sense of deep responsibility for national development, the fate and prospects of the
nation, and in this regard.
6. National pride is a higher stage of having a sense of national pride, which is a “conscious
feeling that the nation is a single social unit”. Having a sense of national pride also means a sense
of national pride, a sense of the place it occupies in the history of human development of the
nation, It also represents the ability to adequately assess the worthy contribution made to world
civilization, its value, prestige, and trust in the future of the nation.
Thus, the formation of national consciousness in secondary school students is a social necessity,
and the solution of this problem serves to strengthen our national development and increase the
prestige of the nation in the international arena.
References.
1.Abdullayev M. E. The system of forming a sense of national pride in students through
ethnopedagogical values: p. f. b.f. d. (phd) dis. Fergana – 2022.
2. National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan. Volume One. Tashkent, 2000.
3.https://www.hufocw.org.
