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PRAGMATIC VARIABILITY OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR
Olimova Ro’zigul student of Uzbek State World
Languages University scientific advisor: Xakimova
M.D.
Abstract:
Cognitive linguists have paid much attention to the amazing universality of
many conceptual metaphors. However, their theory does not take into account the
equally striking variety of figurative conceptualization, both intercultural and within
culture. This article is an attempt to give information for metaphorical theory, which
allows us to consider universality and figurative change at the same time. The main
purpose of the work is described with examples.
Key words:
Metaphor, pragmatic, comparison, genuine metaphors, trite metaphors
The term "metaphor" refers to the transferring of a quality from one item to another,
as its origin demonstrates. The phrase has been used to describe the transferring of
meaning from one word to another since ancient Greek and Roman rhetoric. It is still
extensively used to describe how a term comes to have a derived meaning. "Everything
appears to have its name in language thanks to the metaphor," Quintilian says. Language
has been defined as a lexicon of faded metaphors in their whole. [Г альперин 1981]
Thus, the words grasp, get, and see acquire the derived meaning of understand as a
result of meaning transference. We can only record these words when they are employed
in that context. Metaphors are customarily considered as a especially demanding
component. A metaphor could be a category of discourse that creates a comparison
between two non-similar things. As a literary gadget, metaphor makes understood
comparisons without the express utilize of “like” or “as.” This article will donate data
about pragmatic aspects of metaphors. [Barcelona, 2000]
Metaphor may be implies of attesting that two things are identical in comparison
instead of fair comparative. Typically valuable in writing for utilizing particular pictures
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or concepts to state abstract truths. Metaphors, like all stylistic devices, can be classified
agreeing to their degree of startling quality. Hence metaphors which are completely
unexpected, are very unusual, are called veritable metaphors. Those which are
commonly utilized in discourse and so some of the time indeed settled in word
references as expressive implies of dialect are trite metaphors, or dead metaphors. Their
consistency in this manner is apparent veritable metaphors are respected as having a
place to language-in-action, i. e. discourse metaphors; commonplace metaphors have a
place to the language-as-a-system, i.e. dialect appropriate, and are ordinarily settled in
word references as units of the dialect. [Bickerton 1969]
A metaphor gets to be an elaborate gadget when two diverse wonders (things,
occasions, thoughts, activities) are at the same time brought to intellect by the burden
of a few or all of the inborn properties of one protest on the other which by nature is
denied of these properties. Such an imposition by and large comes about when the
maker of the allegory finds within the two comparing objects certain highlights which
to his eye have something in common. The thought that metaphor is based on similitude
or liking of two (corresponding) objects or ideas is, as I get it it, wrong. The two objects
are recognized and the reality that a common highlight is pointed to and made
unmistakable does not make them comparable. The idea of closeness can be carried on
advertisement absurdum, for case, creatures and human creatures move, breathe, eat,
etc. but in the event that one of these highlights, i.e. development, breathing, is pointed
to in creatures and at the same time in human creatures, the two objects will not
fundamentally cause the idea of affinity.
A metaphor, if it is not a cliche, is an act of establishing an individual world outlook,
it is an act of subjective isolation... Therefore, a word metaphor is narrow, subjectively
enclosed; it imposes on the reader a subjective view of the object or phenomenon and
its semantic ties.
Generally, as a scholarly gadget, metaphor works as the implies of making a
coordinate comparison between two apparently distinctive things. This is often viable
for peruses in that metaphor can make an affiliation between two different entities or
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thoughts that, as a result of the metaphor, enlighten each other and develop the meaning
of both.
Metaphor is a basic figure of discourse for scholars of both verse and
composition. Metaphors permit scholars to form symbolism for per users that's
constrained by depiction alone. In other words, a compelling metaphor dispenses with
the require for excessive explanation or depiction on the portion of the author. Instep,
by certainly comparing two distinctive things, and picture is made for the reader to
permit for more prominent meaning and understanding. This symbolism could be a
capable result of utilizing metaphor as a scholarly gadget. [Beardsley 1958]
When journalists utilize metaphor as a scholarly gadget, it regularly causes the
reader to think approximately the “logic” or truth in such a comparison. These
considerations, in turn, may inspire feeling within the pursuer with an effective
metaphor through the realization that the comparison is substantial. Typically, more
successful in verse as the implies of depicting truths in an expressive however brief
way. [Bickerton 1969]
In such words as to melt (away), as in these second thoughts steadily "melted
away" we are able still recognize the first meaning and in show disdain toward of the
reality that the meaning to vanish', to disappear' is as of now settled in lexicons as one
of the subsidiary implications, the primary meaning still, makes itself felt. [Barcelona
2000]
In conclusion
, metaphors are very useful devices in our speech. People all over
the world use them in their daily consumption. It makes our speech more polished. My
aim from this research was to find some information about metaphors, their usage, and
types and to give some examples to make the reader understand better. I tried to
demonstrate its effectiveness by comparing and contrasting the data gathered through
the study.
References
1.
Гальперин И.Р. Стилистика английского языка / И.Р.Гальперин. - М.:
Высшая школа, 1981
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in the globalized world
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2.
A. BARCELONA (ed.) (2000)
Metaphor and metonymy at the crossroads. A
cognitive perspective.
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3.
A. BARCELONA (2000) On the plausibility of claiming a metonymic motivation
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M. BEARDSLEY (1958)
Aesthetics.
Harcourt, Brace and World.
5.
D. BICKERTON (1969) Prolegomena to a linguistic theory of metaphor.
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