Topical issues of language training
in the globalized world
338
to‘g‘ri topishi, aksar leksik birliklar o‘zbek tilining ichki qonuniyatlari asosida
tushunchalarni aniq va ravon ifodalashi, mazkur jarayonning hozirgi zamon talab
darajasida bo‘lishini ta’minlash tilshunos olimlarning asosiy maqsadi bo‘lib qolmoqda.
I
ngliz va o’zbek tillaridagi ta’limga oid leksik birliklarning
yasalishi, kelib chiqishiga
ko’ra
o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari
bu maqolada aks etgan. Shunday qilib, muayyan soha
leksik birliklarining nutq doirasidan til doirasiga o‘tishi va tegishli leksikografik
manbalardan o‘rin egallashi lingvistik va ekstralingvistik hodisaning tabiiy mahsulidir.
References
1.
Захаров В.П. Корпусная лингвистика: учебно
-
методическое пособие: Изд
-
во СПбГУ,
2005. 48 с.
2.
Саримсоков Х.А. Инглиз ва ўзбек тилларида спорт терминлари: таҳлил ва тадқиқ.
Монография. Тошкент. 2022.30 б.
3.
Атаева Н.С. Инглиз ва ўзбек тилларида банк
-
молия
терминларининг лексик
-
семантик
хусусиятлари
Филол. фан. д
-
ри. …дисс. –Тошкент, 2021. –
166 б.
4.
Merriam-Webster's Dictionary and Thesaurus.1232 P.2006.
5.
Ткачева Л.Б. Основные закономерности английской терминологии. –
Томск: Изд
-
во
Томского университета, 1987. –
Б.
131-132
6.
Tilavova, M
. (2021). РОЛЬ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ИНОСТРАННЫХ ЯЗЫКОВ В ЖИЗНИ
ЧЕЛОВЕКА.
Журнал иностранных языков и лингвистики
,
4(9).
7.
Tilavova, M. (2021). The Impact Of Motivation In Learning Foreign Languages.
Журнал
иностранных
языков
и
лингвистики
,
4(9).
8.
Tilavova, M. M. (2022). EFFECTIVENESS OF STATE YOUTH POLICY IN OUR COUNTRY.
Mental Enlightenment Scientific-Methodological Journal
,
2022
(1), 277-286.
9.
Tilavova, M. (2021). The importance of learning a second language and its benefits for the
individual.
Журнал
иностранных
языков
и
лингвистики
,
4
(9).
10.
Tilavova, M. (2020). Language is a bridge to the wonders of the world.
Журнал
дошкольного
образования
, (1).
NAVIGATING THE COMPLEXITY OF TRANSLATION STUDIES
Tukhtanazarov Asadbek
student
UzSWLU
Abstract
Translation Studies delves into the intricate process of transferring meaning across
languages and cultures. This multifaceted field encompasses linguistic, cultural, and philosophical
dimensions, exploring the challenges and complexities of accurately conveying messages while
preserving their intended impact. This article offers a good overview of the various challenges faced
by translators and interpreters.
Topical issues of language training
in the globalized world
339
Key words:
pragmatics, cognitive, linguistics, modern translation, implementation,
unification.
The theory of translation studies has become widespread in recent days, but the
central focus has not been taken into account. Linguistically or culturally, one-sided
learning approaches are in strong competition with each other, causing translators to
have different views and problems.
In many sources, translation studies is recognized as closely related to two
fields, pragmatics and cognitive linguistics. But this proposal cannot serve as a
pragmatic
“
key
”
that can be a solution to all the problems of translation studies,
especially Ernst-August Gutt worked in a similar approach a few years ago. There was
no attempt to bring translation into the scope of cognitive linguistics or cognitive
psychology. There was a specific reason for these rejections. Translation has theorized
that it is more eclectic, multifaceted, and non-unitary. Attempting to understand it in
the commonly used sense allows us to work by characterizing it as an object of study
in itself. This is a process worth trying. In some cases, research without a semiotic
framework and cultural superiority in modern translation studies makes it difficult to
understand the ideas.
It is necessary to avoid this situation without leaving out the important concepts
presented to us by the illustrator. Broadly related and useful theoretical ideas can be
developed in this regard. This situation begins by accepting translation as a pragmatic
process, and it is expected that approaches such as
“
prima facie
”
will be effective. In
particular, according to the demands made by critics of artistic work, it is estimated
that there are several useful aspects in the
“
discourse practice of translation
”
.
Translational scientists consider translation studies to be a search for a way to
create and mold the structures of precision to provide the text with specific words and
phrases. In this translation activity, it implies the implementation of
“
intervention of
translation
”
, which solves the processes of word selection and understanding. In this
process, it takes the form of gathering relevant linguistic, textual and secular
knowledge for the new vocabulary (translation) to come into effect. This process is
Topical issues of language training
in the globalized world
340
what cognitive linguists want to describe as an attempt to justify the thought that is the
product of speech, or as
“
overloading and reconfiguration
”
. The
‘
source-based goal-
directed
’
and
‘
post-textual
’
aspects of translation present contrasts that can be
conceptually or symbolically linked to a cognitivist view of semantic productivity;
cultural influences can be distinguished in a similar manner. This helps cognitively
integrate cultural approaches with translation. In addition to unification, this approach
in different concepts defines the creative element in the general sense when we use
language. It recognizes the importance of the translator between the first and second
language rather than modern imagery and traditional fidelity.
There are three main models of translation used in translation research. The
first is the comparative model, which matches translations with source texts or with
parallel (non-translated) texts and examines the relationship between the two. This
pattern is evident in contrastive comparative studies. The second is the process model,
which maps the different stages of the translation process over time. This model is
represented by communication approaches as well as some protocol approaches. The
third is the variable model, in which translations are described both in terms of
antecedents and as influenced by readers or listeners and cultures. Also, in world
translation studies, four standard (explanatory, descriptive, explanatory and predictive)
hypotheses are stated and described based on the phenomenon of retranslation. A single
variable model can fit all four types, and it is the most effective model for future
dynamic development in translation studies. Descriptive hypotheses (such as
statements about universals or laws) may have explanatory power, but almost all causal
effects are filtered through the mind of the interpreter, through the decisions made by
the interpreter at a given moment.
Most of the traditional opinions on the typology of translation consist of two
opposite directions,
“
free and literal
”
translations. A modern interpretation of this
distinction was proposed by Newmark on the basis of semantic and communicative
translation. Semantic translation is closer to literal translation, it gives the most optimal
priority to the meaning and form of the original, and is suitable for translations of high-
Topical issues of language training
in the globalized world
341
status texts such as religious texts, legal texts, literature, official speeches.
Communicative translation is looser and prioritizes the effectiveness of the message
being sent. It focuses on factors such as readability and naturalness, and is suitable for
“
pragmatic
”
translations of texts that have little to do with the meaning of the original.
These include texts such as advertising, travel brochures, product descriptions and
instructions, and manuals. The main problem with this type of differentiation is
literalness, proximity or distance, and degrees of freedom. Its single-purpose solution
is to analyze and calculate the various changes (shifts, strategies) from text to text. A
slightly different type of translation typology was proposed by Juliane House: covert
and overt translations. Hidden translations are not made known to readers about the
translators
’
names. In other words, they translate so naturally (and perhaps they are
very loose translations) that the translated text does not differ much from the original.
Examples of this are advertising, technical texts, newspaper texts. Open translations,
on the other hand, are precise translations that are closely related to the source culture.
Translations of political speeches, poems, and sermons are examples of this.
Electronic text studies have shown that hidden translations can contain
linguistic features with statistically different distributions compared to untranslated,
parallel texts. Therefore, even secret translations may differ in terms of text from the
original, and the translated texts may have common features. A similar distinction was
made by Nord, who contrasted documentary and instrumental translation. A document
translation is a document of another text, which is an open translation of another text.
It appears as a report of another speech and is like an adopted sentence. Instrumental
translation, on the other hand, works as a means of communication in itself, it works
independently of the original text and is evaluated according to the extent to which it
conveys its message. So instrumental translation is a bit like direct speech. For
example, the translation of a computer manual is an example, where it is important that
the reader understands how to set up and use the computer, and it is not necessary to
express the original text as accurately as possible.
Topical issues of language training
in the globalized world
342
The typological problem becomes more complicated when text types are
introduced. Reisig and Vermeer emphasize that the method of translation depends on
the specific type of text, as well as the purpose of translation. Reiss proposed four main
types, the first three of which are very traditional: informative texts, expressive texts,
operative (i.e. persuasive, instructive) texts and audio-visual (multi-media) texts. For
example, dubbing and subtitling are the main types of audio-visual translation.
However, we must be careful not to confuse the classifications of text types with the
classifications of translation types, as there are many terminological similarities. For
example, labels such as
“
Bible translation,
”
“
fiction translation,
”
or
“
poetry
translation
”
really refer to text types
—
the type of text being translated.
References
1.
Silt’e
-Amharic-English dictionary (with concise grammar by
Ernst
-
August
Gutt
…, 1997.
26. 1997
2.
TheRoutledge Handbook of Translation and Methodology.
3.
.Transdisciplininių
literatūros
ir vertimo
tyrimų
kryptys: vertimas kaip
esminė
komunikacijos funkcija.
4.
The Methodological Implications of Complexity Thinking in Translation Studies.
5.
Sagatova Muborak Payzidinovna. HOW TO IMPROVE WRITING SKILLS IN ENGLISH.
https://doi.org/10.24412/2181-1784-2022-20-154-157. VOLUME 2 | SPECIAL ISSUE 20
https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/how-to-improve-writing-skills-in-english/viewer
DEVELOPMENT OF SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETING AND ITS
CONSIDERATION IN TRANSLATION STUDIES
Saidova Gulyora,
Senior teacher
UzSWLU
Turdimuratova Shakhzada,
MA student
UzSWLU
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the three main processes of word formation in modern
English: derivation, compounding, and borrowing. Derivation is the process of creating a new word
from an existing word by adding a prefix or suffix. Compounding is the process of combining two or
