International Relations

The Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Korea are bound by traditional relations of friendship and cooperation based on
universally recognized principles and norms of international law. Both countries pay great attention to issues of bilateral cooperation in the political, economic, cultural and other fields. The article is dedicated to the successful development of bilateral relations in all areas, which is facilitated by the absence of any political problems between the countries and a solid legal base

Subjects of research: U.S. foreign political activity in the Muslim world, geopolitical projects of Washington in the Greater Middle East.
Purpose of work: a complex study of approaches of becoming of Islamic factor as one of the priority directions in the U.S. foreign policy in terms of formation of a New World Order, particularly in the aftermath of events of September the 11th, 2001 and elaboration of practical recommendations on strengthening of national security of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Methods of research: scientific principles applied in modem political science, in particular the principles of objective, historical and geopolitical approaches to the research of political problems of international relations and world development as well as combined techniques of the systems and comparative analysis.
The results obtained and their novelty: The research is one of the first works in political science of Uzbekistan dedicated to the complex study of the peculiarities of Islamic factor in the U.S. foreign policy. Approaches of long-run projects of the United States in the Muslim world in the modem era and perspectives of their further development are defined. Modern trends in development of Washington’s relations with the Central Asian countries are ascertained.
Practical value: The provisions elaborated in the dissertation create additional theoretical, methodological and practical basis, promote strengthening of scientific foundations of a study that may be used at further raising the effectiveness of foreign policy of Uzbekistan as well as maintenance of national security. The results of the study may be used in practical work of the Ministries and authorities taking part in foreign political and economic activity of the country as well as in a scientific and educational processes of the Republic’s the same institutions of higher learning.
Degree of embed and economic effectiveness: The conceptual approach towards researching the topic and methodology of consideration of specific issues could be used in the activity of Chief department of analysis and strategy of foreign political activity. Embedment of certain conclusions of research work into practice could be carried out in preparation of thematic reference and analytical materials of political and diplomatic nature used in foreign political activity of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Some provisions of dissertation work have been taken into consideration within the framework of preparation to political consultations, negotiations on foreign political issues. The main conclusions of the dissertation may be used in widening of information-analytical basis of a process to elaborate foreign political initiatives aimed at strengthening of relations of Uzbekistan with the USA on issues of Arab-Muslim world. Separate provisions of a proposed work could be taken into account in analysis of longterm geostrategic intentions of the US administration in South and Central Asia.
Field of application: political science of international relations, geopolitics, the most current U.S. history in the Muslim countries.

The article discusses the approaches of the US ideology of neoconservatism to national interests, the attitude of neoconservative
theorists to international relations and world politics, the neoconservative interpretation of the harmony of foreign policy and national interests, and the conflict with international law

The article analyzes the international legal status of international organizations, the primary subjects of international law, the
status of international relations and legal order with the help of scientific literature

The article analyzes the emergence and formation in the normative form of international legal standards of justice for children in international law. The periodization of the normative development of international legal standards of juvenile justice (justice for children) was carried out and a detailed analysis of special international UN documents in the field of justice for children was made. The international legal concepts and the content of the concepts "justice for children", "child-friendly justice", "child-sensitive justice", "access to justice for children" from the point of view of the modern theory of international law are investigated.
The paper analyzes the effectiveness of the use of artificial intelligence in the justice system for children and notes the need for an individual approach to each child and when making a decision to proceed only from human awareness, and not only artificial intelligence.
The author also notes that the current global growing trends of digitalization of all spheres of society contribute to the further development of the electronic justice system, based on which the emergence of a new concept of "electronic justice for children" in international law is predicted.

Subjects of research: objects of the study arc social-legal relations, dealing with international-legal cooperation on fight against counterfeit.
Purpose of work: study and analysis national legislation and international agreements on fight against counterfeit, development of the motivated offers and recommendation on improvement national legislation and international legal rates, directed on increasing of efficiency of the mechanism of fight against counterfeit and adjusting processes of the fight against counterfeit.
Methods of research: logical, system, statistical methods of the scientific cognition and other general and quotient methods. Together with that, in process of the work on scientific thesis arc used methods of the general observation, generalizations, and comparative methods.
The results obtained and their novelty: given determination to importance and essences of the fight against counterfeit, studied its national and international-legal bases, determined notion and content as an internationally recognized crime.
Practical value: consists in development of the row of the positions and practical recommendation, directed on improvement international cooperation on fight against counterfeit.
Degree of embed and economic affectivity: results of the scientific study, offers and recommendations can be used in activity state organ on fight with criminality and for improvement national legislation. The recommendations and suggestions got in given work can be considered whilst publishing textbooks or allowances.
Field of application: the results as recommendations and suggestions obtained from this study can be issued at the development of corresponding directions of international law, simultaneously recommendations and suggestions may be considered whilst teaching the courses as "International law", “International criminal law” and “Law of international organizations”.

The aim of the research work is to elaborate recommendations and proposals directed at developing inter-parliamentary cooperation of Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan as an instrument of promoting national interests in international arena.
Scientific novelty of the research work is as following:
the possibilities of restoration of the membership of our national parliament to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for the Security and Cooperation in Europe is substantiated as being one of the key factors for the realization of foreign policy strategies;
elaborated scientifically substantiated recommendations on considering the benefits of membership of Oliy Majlis to such parliamentary institutions like Parliamentary Union of the Organization for the Islamic Cooperation (PU OIC), Parliamentary Assembly of the Commonwealth of Independent States (PA CIS), and to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Turkic-speaking countries;
elaborated the recommendations and proposals aimed at further deepening inter-parliamentary cooperation of Oliy Majlis with concrete programs on the basis of rising role of national parliament in the political system of our state;
identified the assessment criteria for the effectiveness of methods and mechanisms of inter-parliamentary cooperation in promoting national interests of a state in international arena.

Tha aim of the research is to offer scientifically substantiated recommendations and suggestions directed to improve entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan in the process of international economic integration.
The scientific novelty of the research consists of the following:
the necessity and criteria to use the notion of middle entrepreneurship and export entrepreneurship in economy in order to diminish its negative outcomes resulted by international economic integration is explained;
it is illustrated that free economic zone is the main tool for development and protection of all forms of entrepreneurship (small, middle, large) resulted by international economic integration
the location of free economic zones is analyzed theoretic-scientifically and the influence of the regions to the productivity is illustrated;
“Program of measure and actions” consisted of three parts is produced in order to increase the efficiency of free economic zones in the country;

The article analyzes the main directions of the foreign policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It also focuses on the measures taken during the years of independence to ensure regional security, take a worthy place in the world community, protect human rights. The content of the initiatives put forward by our country to achieve sustainable development in the new Uzbekistan is revealed.

The article analyzes the main directions of the foreign policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It also focuses on the measures taken during the years of independence to ensure regional security, take a worthy place in the world community, protect human rights. The content of the initiatives put forward by our country to achieve sustainable development in the new Uzbekistan is revealed.

This article describes the features of the emergence of migration law. In particular, the formation of migration law as a legal custom in ancient civilization was studied on the basis of an analysis of historical written sources.

This article describes the features of the emergence of migration law in England. In particular, the formation of migration law as a legal custom in English civilization was studied on the basis of an analysis of historical written sources.

The article analyzes the features of formation and stages of development, of the trade and economic relations between China and Australia up to the beginning of the twentieth century. It was noted that economic relations between two countries are the main component of the economic environment in the Asia-Pacific region (APR).

During the period of impact on the economy of the COVID 19 pandemic, the world’s traditional economy has come to the need for a transition to a new “digital economy”. Such transition is possible only under the conditions of the widespread introduction of promising technologies, as well as the scientific and technological orientation of society towards the introduction of innovations. The article highlights several options for regulating digital assets in legal doctrine, which in turn are divided into several approaches.

Objective: controlled Kinsta the WordPress Hosting [1] According to the site, in 2017, e-commerce accounted for 3.26 percent of
global GDP, estimated at $ 2.3 trillion. It is expected that in 2021 this figure will double to 4.5 trillion. By 2040, 95% of total global sales is projected in the form of e-commerce. It can be seen that e-commerce is growing rapidly. Consequently, in the future it will be necessary to fully form and regulate this network infrastructure by the state. In this article, we want to present the results of our study on e-commerce taxation. Research Method: Empirical and theoretical methods were used in this article. The principles and rules of taxation developed by international organizations and various countries, including Uzbekistan, were studied, the impact of tax rates on electronic commerce in different countries on the development of the industry was calculated, and the tax regimes of different countries were compared. In the course of these studies, the method of analysis and synthesis of the theoretical method was used to analyze some specific cases, such as the impact of postal service prices on electronic commerce. In the final part, we formed our ideas using the method of induction and deduction and presented them in a single and complete review.
The results of the study. Studies have shown that in the field of ecommerce taxation, there are a number of problems that are growing
rapidly. First, tax rates must be set very carefully so that in the future there is motivation for the development of e-commerce; secondly, given the fact that e-commerce occurs on the Internet, it is necessary to determine the incentives for its taxation; thirdly, the fact that the tax rates imposed on electronic commerce are significantly different from regular trade rates is objectionable by other representatives of the industry, etc. In the final section, we described in detail our similar results. Research findings: In short, first of all, the countries of the world need to integrate with each other in collecting taxes on electronic commerce, otherwise there may be a legal basis for double taxation. In addition, if general taxation rules are not developed, tax revenues may be received by the other party. Since in some countries taxes are levied in the countries where they are consumed, in other countries they are taxed at the place
where the seller is located

This article draws attention to the role and impact of digital technologies in facilitating international cooperation in the Middle East. In today’s globalized world, where electronic communications and information technology permeate various spheres of life, the use of digital technologies is becoming increasingly important in the context of strengthening international, economic, social, legal and cultural ties among Middle Eastern countries. The study is based on the analysis of recent research findings, academic articles, statistical data and official documents related to the application of digital technologies in promoting international cooperation in the Middle East. It also includes an analysis of approaches to compiling a database of organizations in the Middle East to promote cooperation. The work was carried out within the framework of the UrFU Scientific Center of Competence «Diaspora communities in the conditions of transformation of the global political system and world economic relations». The results obtained can be useful for international organizations, governmental structures, business sector and academic community interested in the development of international cooperation in the Middle East using digital technologies.

Subject of research: the cooperation of the Republic of Uzbekistan with People Republic of China in 1991-2001.
Purpose of work: an investigation and analysis of history of interrelations between the Republic of Uzbekistan and People’s Republic of China in the fields of economy, science and culture.
Methods of research: historical-retrospective, systematical, comparative and statistical methods.
The results achieved and their novelty: in the investigation it is carried out in first time scientific analysis of the process of establishment and development of cooperations between Uzbekistan and People’s Republic of China.
Practical value: materials of the dissertation can be used for strengthening of the national idea of Uzbekistan, enlightening of the vitality of principles of state inner policy, directed for opening ways of integration with world community, increasing of international status of Uzbekistan.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: substantive provisions and research conclusions arc approved by the author of dissertation in perfomances at scientific articles and theses of conferences and seminars.
Field of application: the investigation results might be used for teaching students of humanitarian higher educational establishments and secondary educational institutions, making textbooks for educational establishments.

Membership in the most influential international organizations in the world, contributing to the improvement and development of their activities, decision-making by organizations and participation in the implementation of certain programs serve as the basis for increasing the prestige of any country in the international arena. It should be noted that today Uzbekistan has made great strides in this direction and is recognized by the world community. In particular, the recent reforms and initiatives of Uzbekistan to develop relations with the United Nations, one of the most influential organizations in the world, deserve recognition. The article describes Uzbekistan's current foreign and international policy and relations with the United Nations and its affiliates.