Current Issue
Vol. 1 No. 6 (2025): Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Innovations
Published:
04-08-2025
Articles
3-6
60
18
THE REFLECTION OF NUMBERS IN PAREMIOLOGY
This article examines the semantic, cognitive, and cultural dimensions of numbers in Uzbek proverbs from a paremiological perspective. It highlights how numerical components in proverbs serve not only as quantitative indicators but also as symbolic, axiological, and cognitive-cultural markers that reflect the worldview, social experience, and linguistic traditions of the Uzbek people. Drawing upon the works of key Uzbek linguists, as well as modern cognitive theories such as conceptual metaphor theory, the study advocates for a deeper, interdisciplinary analysis of numerical proverbs. The research underscores the significance of numbers as structurally conservative yet semantically dynamic units within the Uzbek paremiological system.
7-9
43
20
PRINCIPLES OF MANAGING THE QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION
This article discusses the principles of organizing education quality management correctly, providing insights and considerations regarding the proper structuring of the education system. It highlights scholarly opinions and describes the application procedures for ensuring a quality-focused education system.
10-16
52
17
THE ROLE OF SPIRITUAL VALUES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPIRITUAL FOUNDATION FOR MATERIAL PROGRESS
In this article, the nation's spirituality is a historical category. It was also noted that national spirituality is formed, developed and becomes a national value in society over a long historical development. At the same time, it is noted that each nation has its own spirituality, language, traditions, rituals and rules of etiquette.
17-19
53
13
BOUNDARIES OF SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION RESEARCH: FOCUSING ON PROFESSIONAL VS. STUDENT INTERPRETERS
This thesis examines the boundaries of research on simultaneous interpretation (SI), with a particular focus on comparing professional interpreters and students in training. The study reviews existing literature to highlight key differences in cognitive processing, performance strategies, and stress management between these two groups. Professional interpreters, with their years of experience, tend to demonstrate greater efficiency in handling cognitive load, multitasking, and maintaining accuracy under pressure. In contrast, student interpreters often face challenges related to cognitive overload, slower reaction times, and less refined coping strategies. The article also explores how training programs can better bridge the gap between students and professionals, emphasizing the importance of domain-specific knowledge, real-world practice, and the development of adaptive strategies for managing stress and fatigue. By defining the research boundaries between these two groups, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of how experience shapes the skills and techniques necessary for successful SI. Additionally, it provides insights for future research on interpreter training and cognitive development in SI.
20-22
45
11
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AI-BASED DIGITAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING
This article analyzes the didactic potential of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in foreign language teaching, with a particular focus on English language instruction. It explores how AI-powered interactive platforms, automated assessment systems, personalized learning trajectories, and communication-based intelligent agents can enhance the effectiveness of language education. The study emphasizes the role of AI in the educational process and its pedagogical integration into foreign language teaching.
23-26
49
12
INTEGRATING SILENT WAIT TIME TO ENHANCE SPEAKING FLUENCY IN EFL CLASSROOMS
This article examines the impact of silent wait time on speaking activities in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning contexts. The research is conducted using the IMRAD format and analyzes the role of silent wait time in improving EFL learners' speaking quality through literature review and theoretical foundations. The findings indicate that teacher-provided silent wait time significantly enhances students' response quality, thinking processes, and overall speaking engagement.
27-29
53
15
THE IMPORTANCE OF GRAMMAR IN LEARNING ENGLISH LANGUAGE FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS
The article explores the role of grammar in ESP (English for Specific Purposes) courses for medical students. Two perspectives of learners are focused in this issue; first, most of them consider Grammar is merely long and boring exercises with exceptions to the rules, secondly, using grammar rules in oral communication is a border to speak freely in their field. However, this research justifies that correct usage of Grammar in both written and oral communication play a vital role cultivating further knowledge in English language opening chances for mastering other basic language skills. Quantitative, qualitative and testing research methods have been utilized in order to analyze medical students’ attitude towards Grammar. The results are examined through discussing medical learners’ perceptions about learning Grammar in their EMP (English for Medical Purposes) course.
30-34
174
13
THE BURDEN OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN UZBEKISTAN: A GROWING PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have emerged as a major public health issue in Uzbekistan, with an alarming rise in cases of myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and arterial hypertension. This article reviews the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, complications, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive strategies associated with these diseases in the context of Uzbekistan’s healthcare system. The paper aims to raise awareness and propose recommendations for ...
35-36
71
17
LEXICAL UNITS OF DESCRIBING HUMAN CHARACTER IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
This article aims to compare and contrast lexical units for describing human personality in English and Uzbek languages. Research seeks to identify and analyze similarities and differences among descriptive words of two different languages related to the description of human qualities. By examining nouns, adjectives, and zoonyms that build up descriptive words this article intends to focus on the variations in the usage of lexical means in two different languages and cultures.
37-39
45
13
THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL IDEA IN BUILDING A LEGAL DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY
The article is devoted to the topic "The role of the national idea in building a legal democratic society". The article analyzes in detail the national idea, its essence and meaning, as well as the role in the formation of a legal democratic society. The national idea, based on the historical, cultural and spiritual heritage of the people, is considered as the unifying force of society. The article shows the relationship of the national idea with the basic principles of a legal democratic society, including such concepts as human rights, freedoms and justice. It also discusses the conditions necessary for the development and strengthening of the national idea, changes in the education and upbringing system, public activity and the role of civil society.
40-45
39
18
DEFINING AND APPLYING THE TERMINOLOGICAL MINIMUM IN ESP CONTEXTS
This article covers the issues of terminological minimum compilation for the passage of ESP lessons in non-philological universities. Teaching students the terminology minimum, which is structured in English in a particular specialty, contributes to the increase in the professional competence of students and the formation of lexical skills. The article reveals the concept of the terminological minimum, as well as the formal specifications and criteria for the formation of the terminological minimum.
46-47
50
12
THE MAIN SOURCES OF PEDAGOGICAL CONFLICTS
This article explores the concept of pedagogical conflict, its essence, and its role in the educational process. The main sources of such conflicts are analyzed, including communication issues between teachers and students, interpersonal tensions, differences in methodological approaches, and organizational factors. The paper also examines the underlying causes of conflicts and proposes effective strategies for their prevention and management. This analysis can be beneficial for teachers, psychologists, and educational administrators seeking to improve the quality of the learning environment and resolve conflicts constructively.
48-53
86
24
THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY IN THE QUR'AN AND SUNNAH
The Quran and Sunnah, the main sources of Islamic teachings, cover the issue of family very extensively and clearly. In Islam, the family is considered a sacred system of human life. It is interpreted not only as a means of satisfying biological or social needs, but also as a solid foundation leading to spiritual and moral perfection.
54-56
81
9
THE IMAGE OF GAVHARSHODBEGIM: HISTORICAL TRUTH AND ARTISTIC INTERPRETATION
The article pays special attention to the image of Gavharshodbegim. The life of one of the princesses of the Timurid era - Gavharshodbegim, her involvement in state and public affairs, and her role in political matters were studied on a comparative basis on the scale of historical sources and works of art. The main focus is on the issue of the skill of creators in the interpretation of historical reality in works of art.
57-63
72
16
THE ACTIVITIES OF RESEARCHERS AT THE BUKHARA MUSEUM IN ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS
The article is devoted to the analysis of the activities of researchers of the Bukhara Museum in the 1920s-1930s based on archival documents preserved in the museum's collection. During the period under study, the museum was undergoing a stage of formation, and its structure, as well as approaches to scientific and exhibition work, were in the process of formation. Special attention is paid to the role of the Bukhara Committee for the Protection of Cultural Monuments (Bukhkomstaris), which played a key role in the restoration and reorganization of the museum after a break in 1927. One of the first researchers was Polina Andreyevna Goncharova, an ethnographer who studied gold embroidery. She published the work "Bukhara's Gold Embroidery Art," in which she used museum materials and introduced the term "Darham" into scientific circulation.
64-69
201
75
HISTORY OF THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE BUKHARA EMIRATE AND IRAN
From the period of the Samanid rule, Iranian and Arab Shiite communities began migrating to the Bukhara oasis. This process was prompted by the intensifying power struggles in the center of the Arab Caliphate and its surrounding regions, as well as the persecution of Caliph Ali and his followers. As a result, seeking political refuge, Shiite communities crossed the Amu Darya and reached the Bukhara oasis. During this period, they even laid claims to local power. However, from the 9th century until the early 20th century, no state led by a Shiite community was established in the Bukhara oasis. Nevertheless, during the reigns of the Samanid and Manghit dynasties, representatives of Shiite movements of Iranian origin rose to the rank of viziers and attempted to take control of the government. In both cases, their rule ended in tragedy.
This study explores the relations with Iran and the process of formation of the Iranian community in Bukhara during the reigns of the Manghit dynasty’s amirs: Amir Shohmurod, Amir Haydar, and Amir Nasrullo. The first political and military base of the Iranians in Bukhara emerged after the invasion of Bukhara by Nadir Shah Afshar. Subsequently, the nature of Iranian migration to the city of Bukhara and its surroundings changed. Beginning with the reign of Amir Shohmurod, large-scale campaigns were conducted in the province of Khorasan. Amir Shohmurod, loyal to Sunni Islam and considering himself its protector, persecuted the rulers of Khorasan who adhered to Shiism. During his numerous campaigns, he resettled various ethnic groups under the general label of “Iranians.” As a result, large Iranian quarters began to form within the Bukhara Emirate.
This study explores the relations with Iran and the process of formation of the Iranian community in Bukhara during the reigns of the Manghit dynasty’s amirs: Amir Shohmurod, Amir Haydar, and Amir Nasrullo. The first political and military base of the Iranians in Bukhara emerged after the invasion of Bukhara by Nadir Shah Afshar. Subsequently, the nature of Iranian migration to the city of Bukhara and its surroundings changed. Beginning with the reign of Amir Shohmurod, large-scale campaigns were conducted in the province of Khorasan. Amir Shohmurod, loyal to Sunni Islam and considering himself its protector, persecuted the rulers of Khorasan who adhered to Shiism. During his numerous campaigns, he resettled various ethnic groups under the general label of “Iranians.” As a result, large Iranian quarters began to form within the Bukhara Emirate.
70-81
274
52
THE ROLE AND POSITION OF TRANSOXIANA IN ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION IN THE FIRST FOUR CENTURIES OF THE HIJRI
After the death of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), Islam spread beyond the Arabian Peninsula, and the Islamic Ummah included a wide range of Persian, Turkish, Syriac, Coptic, and Amazigh tribes and nations. The entry of Islam into Transoxiana began gradually in the middle of the first century of the Hijri and was established during the Samanid period with the Hanafi school of thought as its core. Transoxiana’s privileged geographical location and its cultural and civilizational background made this region the center of gravity of culture and civilization in the east of the Islamic Caliphate, opposite Cordoba, the capital of the Umayyads of Andalusia. From the early second century of the Hijri, paper, the most important spiritual document and influential in the dynamics of science and civilization, was produced in the city of Samarkand. In the third and fourth centuries of the Hijri, during the era of the Samanid government, with the efforts of learned and scholarly emirs and ministers, Transoxiana became a center for the production of science and civilization in various fields. The formation of modern bureaucracy, the translation movement, the compilation of jurisprudential and historical sources, the emergence of famous scholars in various sciences, the flourishing of libraries and scientific centers are examples of the transformation in the field of culture and civilization, and caused Transoxiana to make a significant contribution to the construction of Islamic culture and civilization. The present study attempts to explain the position of Transoxiana and the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara as an influential hub in Muslim culture and civilization with an analytical and comparative approach. To achieve the goal of this research, the question is (What role and position did Transoxiana have in the construction of Muslim culture and civilization after the adoption of Islam?) This study has been written with a historical approach based on the "descriptive-analytical" method. The research findings indicate that the Transoxiana region, under the teachings of the Islamic religion regarding science, began its role in the early second century AH with the production and publication of paper, and during the Samanid period, due to the Samanid government having learned and science-loving emirs and ministers, its cultural and civilizational activities developed increasingly, so that at the same time, Transoxiana played a role as the scientific and cultural hub of the Islamic world in the east of the Islamic Caliphate, in contrast to the Umayyad government of Andalusia in the west of the Islamic Caliphate.
82-86
121
11
THE ROLE OF O'TKIR HOSHIMOV IN UZBEK LITERATURE
This article explores the life, literary contributions, and cultural significance of O'tkir Hoshimov, one of the most influential figures in modern Uzbek literature. It highlights his unique storytelling style, focus on moral and social issues, and commitment to reflecting the values and struggles of ordinary Uzbek people. The article also examines the major themes in his works, such as the conflict between tradition and modernity, the importance of conscience, and the preservation of national identity. Through his novels, short stories, and public engagement, Hoshimov played a key role in shaping Uzbek literary thought during both the Soviet and post-independence eras.
87-90
46
19
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ SCRIPTWRITING SKILLS THROUGH CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION
This article explores the theoretical foundations for developing students’ scriptwriting skills through in-class instruction. It provides an analytical review of both local and international experiences and studies, leading to relevant conclusions. The article also identifies students’ knowledge and competencies in scriptwriting acquired through classroom activities.
91-92
26
6
THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FIELD OF LABOR PROTECTION
This article briefly describes the importance and convenience of international experience and modern technologies in the field of labor protection, including the creation of healthy work activities that meet world standards.
93-95
57
9
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE TIME OF THE CAR ASSEMBLY PROCESS
Modern car industry high accuracy, efficiency and speed demand does. Competitive market under the circumstances every one car working issuer working release time reduce through expenses reduce and profit to increase movement This view in terms of cars assembly process on time impact doer factors study extremely important.
96-98
30
12
ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR REDUCING THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF EXHAUST GASES FROM AUTOMOBILE ENGINES.
Cars with internal combustion engines produce a lot of harmful emissions, causing environmental problems. These emissions reduce air quality, pollute water resources, and disrupt the overall ecological balance. Air pollution harms plants and animals, and also threatens human health, causing respiratory diseases, allergies, and other health problems. In addition, vehicle emissions lead to pollution of water bodies, which seriously harms their ecosystems.
99-101
48
19
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF THE INCREASING NUMBER OF CARS ON NATURE
In the modern world, cars have become an integral part of human life. They play an important role in transportation, economic activity, and everyday life. However, the rapid growth of the number of cars is causing serious harm to the environment. In Uzbekistan, especially in the last decade, the number of cars has increased significantly. For example, according to UzAutoMotors, in 2023, more than 1.5 million cars were registered in the country, which is 40% more than in 2015. This article analyzes the impact of the increasing number of cars on nature, considers the situation in Uzbekistan, and makes proposals to mitigate the problem.
102-104
38
12
ANALYSIS OF TYPES OF AUTOMOBILE PRODUCTION
Car industry humanity in history the most important technological from achievements one is considered. 20th century from the beginning since this industry not only vehicles working release with limited not, maybe industr, economy, ecology and society many other noticeable on the facades as well impact showing is coming. Every year millions cars working will be issued and this processes various working release types through done Modern car working release technologies increasingly complicated, diverse styles, automation, ecological compatibility and economic efficiency with is waking up.
105-107
61
6
HISTORY OF DIESEL ENGINES AND THEIR DIFFERENCES FROM OTHER ENGINES
Diesel engines modern transportation and in industry important place holds , especially freight, rural farm and construction in the field. Their high efficiency and strength because of world according to wide In Uzbekistan, for example, diesel motor vehicles (buses, trucks) public transport and logistics from 20% in the field more than to share has. This article reviews the history of the development of diesel engines, analyzing their differences from other engines (gasoline, electric, and hydrogen).
108-110
25
15
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FUEL TYPES ON THE OPERATION OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINE CYLINDERS
Car engines cylinders is the " heart " of the car , their performance and used fuel type directly Depends. Fuel type of the engine efficiency, power, waste gases and to the endurance impact does. In Uzbekistan car industry, in particular UzAutoMotors, gasoline and diesel to fuels based although naturally gas, biofuel and hydrogen such as alternative fuels increasingly attention is gaining. This article various fuel types car engine cylinders to work the impact analysis does.
111-114
210
38
THE CLAY MODELING METHOD IN AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN
Clay modeling remains a fundamental technique in the automotive design process, serving as a critical bridge between conceptual sketches and production-ready prototypes. Despite advances in computer-aided design (CAD) and virtual reality (VR), clay models provide tangible, full-scale representations of vehicle concepts. This paper explores the methodology, tools, materials, and stages of clay modeling in the automotive industry, highlighting its role in design iteration, ergonomic validation, and surface quality assessment. Case studies and expert interviews reinforce the method’s continued relevance in both traditional OEMs and modern design studios.
115-117
25
6
IMPROVING THE COOLING SYSTEM OF THE DAMAS VEHICLE
The Damas vehicle, widely used in Uzbekistan for both commercial and personal purposes, relies on a traditional liquid cooling system. While functional, the current mechanical fan system consumes engine power unnecessarily and leads to inefficiencies in fuel consumption, especially in varying climate conditions. This study proposes a redesign of the cooling system through the implementation of an electric fan controlled by a thermostat, synchronized with engine temperature. The new system aims to reduce fuel consumption, increase engine efficiency, and improve environmental performance. The research involved analysis of the existing system, prototyping, real-world testing, and economic evaluation. The results demonstrate that the redesigned system significantly improves thermal management and fuel efficiency.
118-121
30
8
ANALYSIS OF DEVICES USED IN AERODYNAMIC TESTING
Aerodynamic testing plays a critical role in modern automotive engineering, enabling accurate analysis of vehicle airflow behavior and drag coefficients. To simulate real-world conditions and validate computational models, specialized devices are employed in wind tunnels and laboratory environments. This study examines the key components involved in aerodynamic testing, including scaled car models, wind tunnels, smoke generators, force measurement systems, and digital sensors. The objective is to analyze the efficiency, accuracy, and integration of these devices in experimental procedures. Through this analysis, the study provides insights into optimizing testing methodologies to achieve better precision in aerodynamic design and development.
122-125
51
7
IMPROVING THE BRAKING SYSTEM OF AUTOMOBILES
The braking system is one of the most critical components in ensuring vehicle safety and control. As automotive performance and traffic density increase, so do the demands on braking systems in terms of responsiveness, reliability, and thermal efficiency. This paper presents a study aimed at improving traditional hydraulic braking systems through the integration of electronic brake-force distribution (EBD) and advanced disc materials. Experimental comparisons, thermal analysis, and stopping distance evaluations were conducted to validate the improvements. The findings demonstrate enhanced performance, especially under variable load conditions and repeated braking scenarios. Furthermore, the article provides a deep examination of braking dynamics, disc material science, and the broader implications of modern braking technologies for sustainable and safe transport systems.
126-129
29
7
DESIGN OF MOBILE CHARGING DEVICES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES BASED ON INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE VEHICLES
The growing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) requires the parallel development of flexible and accessible charging infrastructure. In remote or underdeveloped areas, access to grid-powered charging stations may be limited. This paper proposes the design of a mobile EV charging unit based on the platform of an internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle. The mobile unit includes a compact onboard generator, power management system, and multi-standard charging outputs. Through simulation and prototype analysis, this paper evaluates energy conversion efficiency, charging capacity, and operational feasibility. The study demonstrates that ICE-based mobile chargers offer a viable transitional solution for EV infrastructure expansion in regions with limited electrification. Moreover, the paper discusses system cost-effectiveness, scalability, and environmental impact, providing a foundation for future optimization and integration into national mobility policies.
130-133
68
8
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPOILER IN AUTOMOTIVE AERODYNAMICS
Aerodynamic efficiency is essential in modern vehicle design, contributing significantly to fuel economy, stability, and high-speed performance. Spoilers are one of the most widely used aerodynamic components, primarily aimed at reducing lift and managing airflow over the vehicle. This study investigates the aerodynamic role of spoilers on passenger cars by analyzing their effect on drag coefficient, lift force, and stability. Using wind tunnel testing and computational simulations, the paper compares vehicles with and without spoilers under various conditions. The results reveal that properly designed spoilers can reduce aerodynamic lift by over 25% and improve overall vehicle control at high speeds. The research also highlights the interrelationship between spoiler geometry, airflow behavior, and vehicle dynamics.
134-137
85
13
TOURISM INTEGRATION AMONG CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
Tourism integration among Central Asian countries holds great potential for enhancing regional cooperation, economic development, and global competitiveness. The rich cultural heritage, historical ties, and geographical proximity of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan create favorable conditions for cross-border tourism development. However, this process faces several challenges, including visa restrictions, limited infrastructure, lack of unified marketing strategies, and political coordination issues. This article explores the opportunities for tourism integration in the region, identifies key obstacles, and proposes recommendations to strengthen collaboration. Emphasis is placed on the role of joint initiatives, digital solutions, and institutional frameworks to enhance sustainable and competitive tourism growth in Central Asia.
138-146
20
4
OBTAINING COLLOID COMPOSITIONS BASED ON PEGANUM HARMALA EXTRACTS AND NANOSILVER
The article provides information on the compounds contained in the Peganum harmala plant, the use of plant parts and individual compounds. The sum of extractive substances was isolated and their yields were determined by extracting different parts of the Peganum harmala plant with water. Nanosilver compositions of the extracts were prepared and their IR spectra were obtained.
147-149
28
8
THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MODERN ENGINEERING
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the engineering industry by enhancing productivity, precision, and innovation. This article explores the growing role of AI in various engineering disciplines, its benefits, challenges, and potential future developments.
150-152
24
6
THE ROLE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY IN SHAPING THE FUTURE: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Technology plays a pivotal role in reshaping industries, societies, and everyday life. From advanced robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) to renewable energy systems and smart infrastructure, modern technology is driving progress across all domains. This article explores current technological innovations, their implications for the future, and the challenges they present. Special attention is given to the integration of digital technologies in manufacturing, healthcare, and communication sectors.
153-156
27
3
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION: TRANSFORMING THE LEARNING EXPERIENCE
In the modern digital age, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force across various sectors, and education is no exception. AI technologies are redefining teaching methodologies, personalizing the learning experience, automating assessments, and enabling real-time feedback. This article explores the multifaceted impact of AI on education, emphasizing how intelligent systems enhance student performance, aid teachers, and support inclusive learning environments. The paper also critically analyzes ethical considerations, data privacy issues, and equity challenges in AI implementation. As educational institutions globally adopt smart technologies, it becomes vital to assess not only the benefits but also the long-term implications of AI in learning ecosystems. Ultimately, the article advocates for a balanced, human-centered approach to ensure that technology enhances educational equity, quality, and sustainability.
163-164
29
5
MICROBIAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN STORED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS: ENSURING FOOD SAFETY THROUGH PREDICTIVE MODELING
Microbial contamination in stored agricultural products poses serious threats to food safety and public health. This study aims to assess microbial risks during storage using predictive modeling tools that simulate microbial growth under varying environmental conditions. The research outlines common pathogens, critical control points in storage systems, and evaluates existing mitigation strategies. The findings highlight the importance of integrated microbial monitoring systems and suggest tailored interventions to reduce contamination and ensure food safety.
165-168
31
6
PAREMIOLOGICAL UNITS FORMED IN THE LEXICON OF ENGLISH RIDDLES AND THEIR TRANSLATION FEATURES
This article examines paremiological units derived from the lexical field of English riddles and explores their translation features into other languages, with a particular focus on Uzbek. The study analyzes the linguistic and cultural characteristics that shape the structure, semantics, and pragmatic functions of riddles in the English language. It highlights the challenges of conveying wordplay, metaphor, and culturally bound imagery during the translation process. The research employs comparative and descriptive methods to identify semantic shifts, lexical adaptations, and strategies for preserving the intended meaning and stylistic nuances of riddles. The findings contribute to the field of translation studies by offering practical recommendations for rendering paremiological units accurately and culturally appropriately in cross-linguistic contexts.
169-172
41
7
IN LINGUISTICS: THE SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CORPUS LINGUISTICS
This article examines the scientific and theoretical foundations of corpus
linguistics as an emerging and rapidly developing branch of modern linguistics. The study
explores the conceptual framework, methodological principles, and practical applications of
corpus-based research in linguistic analysis. Special attention is given to the role of corpora in
studying language structure, semantics, pragmatics, and discourse analysis. The paper also
highlights the importance of corpus design, annotation, and representativeness for ensuring
reliable and valid research outcomes. The results of the study contribute to the understanding of
how corpus linguistics serves as a bridge between theoretical linguistics and empirical language
data, thereby expanding opportunities for applied research in various linguistic fields.
linguistics as an emerging and rapidly developing branch of modern linguistics. The study
explores the conceptual framework, methodological principles, and practical applications of
corpus-based research in linguistic analysis. Special attention is given to the role of corpora in
studying language structure, semantics, pragmatics, and discourse analysis. The paper also
highlights the importance of corpus design, annotation, and representativeness for ensuring
reliable and valid research outcomes. The results of the study contribute to the understanding of
how corpus linguistics serves as a bridge between theoretical linguistics and empirical language
data, thereby expanding opportunities for applied research in various linguistic fields.
173-175
57
6
THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL ORGANIZATIONS ON UZBEKISTAN’S INVESTMENT POLICY
This article examines the role of international financial organizations (IFOs) such as the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in shaping Uzbekistan’s investment policy. The study analyzes key initiatives including legislative reform, the development of green financing, infrastructure projects, modernization of the banking sector, and improvement of the investment climate. It demonstrates how IFOs contribute to modernizing the management of state-owned enterprises, attracting foreign direct investment, and fostering sustainable economic growth in the context of global and regional challenges.
180-182
27
11
DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS’ LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE BASED ON THE INTEGRATION OF VR AND AR TECHNOLOGIES
This article explores the integration of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies in the development of students’ linguistic competence in educational settings. As immersive technologies gain traction in modern pedagogy, their application in language learning opens new opportunities for enhancing students’ speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills. VR and AR provide realistic, interactive environments where students can engage with the target language in meaningful contexts. The study discusses the pedagogical benefits of these technologies, their implementation challenges, and their potential to transform traditional language education into a more engaging and effective process.
183-189
32
8
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ASSOCIATIVE EXPERIENCE AND THEMATIC GROUPING PRINCIPLES IN LEARNER’S EXPLANATORY DICTIONARIES (IN THE CASE OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES)
This article presents a comparative analysis of the principles of associative experience and thematic grouping—two key approaches in the structure of modern learner’s explanatory dictionaries—using examples from English and Uzbek. The study examines the role of these principles from linguistic and psycholinguistic perspectives, focusing on how they address the cognitive needs of language learners, reflect the mental organization of lexical items, and contribute to the effectiveness of vocabulary acquisition. The research analyzes the structure and methodological approaches of major learner’s dictionaries such as the Oxford Wordpower Dictionary (English) and the Izohli Lug‘at (Uzbek), evaluating their user-friendliness, ability to form semantic fields, and functionality in language instruction. Furthermore, the article explores how lexical items in these dictionaries are presented in terms of semantic, associative, and thematic relationships, and assesses the impact of these approaches on the development of learners’ vocabulary.
190-197
29
7
"MECHANISMS FOR ENHANCING THE PROFESSIONAL-METHODOLOGICAL COMPETENCE OF PROSPECTIVE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS"
An innovation- and creativity-based education system serves as an effective means of fostering societal development.
198-199
89
8
THE ISSUE OF FAMILY VALUES IN THE WORKS OF JALALUDDIN RUMI
The article emphasizes that in Rumi's works, spousal relationships should be based not on one-sided dominance, but on mutual respect and harmony. In his opinion, it is analyzed that the husband understands the heart of the wife, and the wife listens to the husband's words from the heart - this is a guarantee of peace and prosperity in the family.
200-202
34
9
DEVELOPING SPEECH COMPETENCIES THROUGH INNOVATIVE APPROACHES IN TEACHING “QISSASI RABG‘UZIY”
This study explores the effectiveness of innovative teaching methods in enhancing students’ speech competence through the literary work “Qissasi Rabg‘uziy”. Using interactive techniques, dramatization, role-play, and ICT tools, the research was conducted among 8th–9th grade students. The results showed a notable improvement in vocabulary, logical expression, and active participation in lessons. The findings highlight that integrating national literary heritage with modern pedagogical strategies significantly contributes to students’ linguistic and communicative skills.
203-205
18
10
PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF POLYMER MATERIALS IN CAR REPAIR
It is difficult to imagine the designs of modern vehicles without polymer materials. The use of these materials, along with streamlining the designs of technical means, reducing their mass, and increasing operational reliability, opens a wide way to reducing production costs and labor costs. The widespread use of polymer materials is due to their ability to directly replace precious metals and wood materials, often surpassing them.
206-213
55
10
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG FAMILIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF SWEDEN, GERMANY, FRANCE AND CANADA)
This article provides an in-depth analysis of socio-economic support policies for young families, with a particular focus on parental leave systems, using the examples of Sweden, Germany, France, and the province of Quebec in Canada. Drawing on a mixed-methods approach (quantitative and qualitative), the study examines the effectiveness of non-transferable paternity leave policies in these countries. In Sweden, the rate of fathers taking leave exceeds 90%, while in Quebec it is around 75–80%. These high participation rates have played a significant role in promoting gender equality, demographic stability, and increased female labor force participation. In contrast, despite the availability of parental leave in Germany and France, lower participation rates among fathers have hindered the achievement of the desired outcomes. The article explores the impacts of father-specific leave quotas on health, employment, and gender roles, and offers adaptable policy recommendations for other countries.
214-216
23
8
ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION AND MEASURES FOR ITS PROTECTION IN MACHINE-BUILDING
This article discusses the causes of atmospheric air pollution and its negative impact on the biosphere and human health. It also addresses the amount of industrial and transport emissions, ways to reduce them, and the importance of purification devices and monitoring systems. Environmental protection is considered an urgent ecological issue.
217-222
38
12
BLOCKCHAIN-BASED DATA PROTECTION: EXPERIENCES IN USING MODERN CRYPTOGRAPHIC PROTOCOLS
This paper presents a hybrid blockchain–cryptography framework designed to ensure data privacy, integrity, and quantum-resilient security. By integrating Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs), Homomorphic Encryption (HE), Multi-Party Computation (MPC), and Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC), the proposed model addresses emerging threats in decentralized environments. A comparative analysis of experimental results from 2019–2024 high-impact studies shows that hybrid architectures achieve an optimal balance between performance and security, with compliance to GDPR and HIPAA standards. The study concludes with future research directions, including hardware acceleration, interoperability, and quantum-adaptive consensus protocols[1].
223-229
29
6
FEEDBACK SUPPORT SYSTEMS: THE ORETICAL BASIS
This article analyzes the theoretical foundations of feedback support systems. The feedback process is considered as a means of enhancing efficiency in human-computer interaction, education, manufacturing, and service sectors. The paper examines the developmental stages of these systems, their scientific theories, and possibilities for integration with modern technologies. The theoretical foundations are studied in connection with cybernetics, communication theory, and pedagogical technologies. In addition, the importance of feedback systems in improving user experience and the principles of their effective operation are also highlighted.
230-233
34
4
EXPLORING BLOCKCHAIN POTENTIAL IN UZBEKISTAN: A REVIEW
Blockchain technology, known for its decentralized and tamper-proof architecture, is rapidly transforming sectors such as finance, governance, and education worldwide. This review explores the global evolution and application of blockchain systems, with a special focus on their potential for Uzbekistan’s digital development. Drawing on international case studies and emerging technologies, the paper analyzes how blockchain can address challenges in transparency, data integrity, public services, and trust in digital ecosystems. Key considerations include implementation barriers, regulatory readiness, and infrastructure requirements. The study aims to provide a strategic overview for policymakers, technologists, and educators seeking to leverage blockchain innovations in the Uzbek context.
234-236
27
5
INTEGRATION OF DAMAS ROUTES WITH BUS STATIONS
Integration of Damas routes with bus stops will make the transport system more efficient and convenient. This integration ensures uninterrupted and fast communication for travelers, facilitates the transition between routes, and saves time. Also, through integration, it is possible to regulate passenger traffic and reduce the load on the city's internal transport system. This approach improves the quality of transport services, coordinates intercity and intra-city traffic, and contributes to ensuring environmental safety. This study analyzes the methods of effective communication between routes and stops.
237-240
18
10
PARAMETERS OF THE WORKING SURFACE OF AUTOMOTIVE TRACTOR ENGINE PARTS IN THE ENGINE WORKING PROCESS
Parameters of the working surface of parts of automotive and tractor engines play an important role in the efficient operation of the engine. Working surfaces, such as piston, cylinder, and valve surfaces, their smoothness, rigidity, and dimensions determine the engine's performance. Optimal working surfaces contribute to effective control of temperature and pressure in the working medium, reducing friction. Also, the surface parameters increase service life and reduce the risk of malfunctions. Therefore, ensuring the quality of the working surfaces and their correct adjustment guarantees uninterrupted and reliable engine operation.
241-246
39
3
ANALYSIS OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN FERGANA REGION
One of the main current and future issues is ensuring road safety, which is aimed at reducing the number of road accidents, the number of fatalities and injuries, and the overall socio-economic damage caused.
247-249
20
4
THE IMPACT OF THEATRICAL PLAYS ON YOUTH EDUCATION
This article explores the role and influence of theatrical plays in shaping the moral, cultural, and intellectual development of youth. The study examines how stage performances serve as an effective educational tool, fostering creativity, critical thinking, and emotional intelligence among young audiences. By analyzing both classical and contemporary works, the research highlights the ability of theatrical art to instill ethical values, enhance social awareness, and encourage active civic participation. The findings emphasize that theater, as a form of artistic expression, plays a significant role in building a well-rounded and socially responsible young generation.
250-256
31
5
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS DERIVED FROM AROMATIC TERTIARY AMINES
Reactions between pyridine and certain esters of monochloroacetic acid were carried out to obtain quaternary ammonium salts. As a result of these reactions, a quaternary ammonium salt of pyridine was synthesized. The optimal reaction conditions were studied, and the yields of the resulting salts were calculated. Although chitosan is known for its high biological activity, its limited solubility in water restricts its range of applications. Therefore, the synthesis of quaternary ammonium salts based on chitosan is considered an important reaction. A novel quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan was synthesized using the quaternary ammonium salt of pyridine. The resulting cationic chitosan derivative exhibited antibacterial properties. The synthesized compounds were analyzed using physicochemical methods, including IR and NMR spectroscopy. The results confirmed the formation of the quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan.
257-261
56
21
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN THE OGHUZ DIALECTS AND THE TURKMEN LANGUAGE AND ITS DIALECTS
This article provides a detailed discussion of the relationship between the Oghuz dialects and the Turkmen language and its dialects. Systematization of the collected factual sources proves the validity of the points presented below, and based on these, the polysemantic words occurring in the Oghuz Uzbek dialects and in the Turkmen language and its dialects have been classified into the following groups: Words common to the Oghuz dialect and Turkmen dialects, but not found in the Turkmen literary language; Words used in common in the Uzbek literary language, the Oghuz dialect, and the dialects of the Turkmen language; Words common to the Oghuz dialect and the Turkmen dialects, but used through other forms of lexical units in the Uzbek and Turkmen literary languages; Words common to the Turkmen dialects and the Uzbek literary language, as compared to the Oghuz dialect and the Turkmen literary language. Examples of polysemantic words corresponding to each group are provided.
262-263
22
5
DEVELOPING FOR TRANSIT TRANSPORT IN UZBEKISTAN
This article examines the development of transit transport in Uzbekistan, focusing on its strategic location and potential as a regional transport hub. The paper analyzes current infrastructure projects, including road, rail, and logistics networks, and evaluates government initiatives aimed at improving connectivity and trade flow. Emphasis is placed on international cooperation, investment opportunities, and the role of transit transport in boosting economic growth. The study also highlights existing challenges such as regulatory barriers and infrastructure modernization. Recommendations are made to enhance efficiency, regional integration, and Uzbekistan's position in global transit corridors.
264-266
22
10
SEMI- GUIDANTS AND THIN LAYER FILMS
In this article, we have examined methods for creating an optical radiation primer (OPI) based on a core AFN film with enhanced light sensitivity and reliability of operation.
267-270
57
15
AERODYNAMIC TESTING OF CLAY-MODELED AUTOMOTIVE PROTOTYPES
Aerodynamic testing plays a vital role in the early stages of automotive design, enabling engineers to optimize drag, lift, and stability before committing to costly production tooling. While Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) provides valuable insights, physical wind tunnel testing remains the gold standard for validation. This paper examines the use of clay-modeled prototypes in aerodynamic testing, emphasizing the importance of lightweight construction through hollow-core designs to enhance testing efficiency. Practical considerations in wind tunnel operation, scaling, and model preparation are discussed, with a focus on improving the accuracy of aerodynamic data in the initial phases of vehicle development.
271-275
118
10
APPLICATION OF CFD SOFTWARE IN AUTOMOTIVE AERODYNAMICS
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has evolved into an essential methodology within the field of automotive aerodynamics, enabling detailed investigation of airflow characteristics, aerodynamic forces, and thermal management strategies without the prohibitive costs associated with physical wind tunnel testing. This paper provides an in-depth review of contemporary CFD software employed in the automotive sector, encompassing both commercial and open-source solutions. The discussion integrates technical performance, modeling capabilities, and practical deployment scenarios, supported by comparative analysis and literature-based validation. Results indicate that while commercial platforms deliver superior integration, optimized solvers, and user support, open-source solutions remain indispensable in research-oriented environments due to their adaptability and cost efficiency.
276-278
27
7
ADVANTAGES OF USING RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN TRANSPORT NETWORKS
Renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal energy and biofuels) are playing an important role in the global energy system. The use of these sources in transportation networks allows for environmentally friendly and efficient vehicles such as cars, buses, trains and even ships.
279-281
34
7
ADVANTAGES OF USING POLYMER MATERIALS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Mechanical engineering, as one of the important branches of modern industry, relies on the use of various materials. In recent years, polymer materials have been widely used in mechanical engineering. These materials are lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and economical to manufacture, allowing them to partially or completely replace metals. In Uzbekistan, in particular, UzAuto Motors and its suppliers of spare parts are developing the use of polymer materials.
282-286
23
0
INVESTIGATION OF THE POSSIBILITIES AND APPLICATION OF THE AUTOCAD SOFTWARE PACKAGE FOR CREATING ELECTRONIC VERSIONS OF TEXTBOOKS FOR THE COURSE “ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS”
This article provides examples to show that AutoCAD (Computer Aided Design (CAD)) has been and remains a powerful tool for technical graphics. Since Autodesk is a pioneer in the commercially available CAD market, Autodesk has developed CAD principles (which can be used by relatively untrained users), the nature and scope of commands, the sequence and specifics of their implementation. In terms of technical characteristics, AutoCAD is a complete tool that covers the entire range of functions in the area of the course "Engineering and Computer Graphics".
287-292
29
10
THE ROLE OF CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION IN METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING WITH MULTIMEDIA TOOLS IN UZBEKISTAN
Education reforms in Uzbekistan are increasingly focused on aligning with global educational standards. This paper investigates the pivotal role of creativity and innovation in teaching methodologies that utilize multimedia tools. It specifically examines how infographics and multimedia platforms foster student engagement, critical thinking, and global citizenship skills. The study addresses disparities in technological access between urban and rural areas and offers evidence-based recommendations for embedding multimedia-driven creative pedagogies into the national curriculum.
293-295
25
11
ISSUES OF ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION OF CITIES AROUND THE WORLD
This article analyzes the environmental problems facing world cities and the strategies being applied to solve them. Attention is paid to such pressing issues as atmospheric pollution, waste management, the reduction of green spaces, water and soil pollution. The experience of developed and developing countries is also comparatively studied. The article highlights the importance of ensuring environmental sustainability, developing green infrastructure, and environmental management systems, and emphasizes the principles of environmentally safe urban development.
296-299
33
0
ANALYSIS OFANALYSIS OF ROAD TRAFFIC INCIDENTS WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF PEDESTRIANS IN THE ANDIJAN REGION ROAD TRAFFIC INCIDENTS WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF PEDESTRIANS IN THE ANDIJAN REGION
In this article, systematic measures are being taken in our Republic to ensure road safety and prevent road accidents, including those involving pedestrians and children.
At the same time, as a result of insufficient conditions in the road infrastructure, pedestrian movement on the roadway negatively affects road safety.
At the same time, as a result of insufficient conditions in the road infrastructure, pedestrian movement on the roadway negatively affects road safety.
300-302
30
5
EFFECTS OF MAGNETIC AND ELECTRIC FIELDS ON FUEL MOLECULES
In this article, the influence of external magnetic and electric fields on fuel molecules, their role in changing the molecular structure, and their contribution to optimizing the combustion process are scientifically analyzed. The possibilities of improving the physicochemical properties of fuel and increasing engine efficiency are highlighted through the fields.
303-307
38
13
GAMEFICATION METHOD FOR TEENAGE LEARNERS (AT SCHOOL)
This study investigates the impact of gamification on teenage learners in secondary school education. Gamification, defined as the use of game-based elements such as points, badges, leaderboards, and quests in non-game contexts, has recently gained popularity in educational practice. The research was conducted with 60 students aged 14–16, divided into an experimental group exposed to gamified instruction and a control group taught through traditional methods. Over an eight-week period, data were collected through motivation surveys, academic performance tests, and classroom observations.
The results indicated that students in the gamified group demonstrated significantly higher motivation, improved test scores, and greater classroom participation compared to their peers in the control group. Qualitative feedback also revealed positive perceptions of gamification, with learners describing lessons as more engaging and enjoyable. However, some students expressed concerns about the competitive nature of leaderboards, suggesting the need for balanced design strategies.
Overall, the findings confirm that gamification can effectively enhance teenage students’ motivation and learning outcomes when applied thoughtfully. The study recommends further research on the long-term effects of gamification and its adaptation across different cultural and curricular contexts.
The results indicated that students in the gamified group demonstrated significantly higher motivation, improved test scores, and greater classroom participation compared to their peers in the control group. Qualitative feedback also revealed positive perceptions of gamification, with learners describing lessons as more engaging and enjoyable. However, some students expressed concerns about the competitive nature of leaderboards, suggesting the need for balanced design strategies.
Overall, the findings confirm that gamification can effectively enhance teenage students’ motivation and learning outcomes when applied thoughtfully. The study recommends further research on the long-term effects of gamification and its adaptation across different cultural and curricular contexts.
308-316
45
9
HARNESSING DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION FOR STRATEGIC IMPLEMENTATION: A CASE STUDY OF UZBEKISTAN’S PUBLIC SECTOR
Digital transformation has become essential for modernizing public services and governance systems. In Uzbekistan, e-government initiatives under the "Digital Uzbekistan 2030" framework signify a crucial step in improving transparency, efficiency, and service accessibility. The findings of this research reveal that Uzbekistan has made substantial progress in digitizing public services, particularly in urban areas, where platforms such as my.gov.uz have significantly streamlined bureaucratic processes and enhanced accessibility. However, critical challenges remain, including a pronounced digital divide between urban and rural areas, where limited infrastructure and internet access hinder e-government adoption. Cybersecurity measures are insufficient to fully protect sensitive public data, posing risks of breaches and undermining trust in digital platforms. Additionally, the lack of digital literacy among public sector employees and citizens significantly affects the effectiveness and sustainability of these initiatives. Using a qualitative approach, data were gathered from government reports, policy documents, academic literature, and interviews with IT professionals and government officials. The findings reveal significant progress in digitizing public services, especially in urban areas, but underscore persistent challenges such as rural infrastructure gaps, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, and limited digital literacy. Addressing these issues through strategic investments and policy adjustments is critical to achieving a sustainable and inclusive digital transformation.
317-319
28
5
BASICS OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRIC MACHINES BY VIBRATION
This article analyzes the basics of preventive maintenance of electrical machines for vibration in the automotive industry. In particular, it examines the sources and causes of vibration, types of vibration, vibration activity and noise, and the causes of their occurrence. It analyzes and proposes methods for solving problems of ensuring noiseless and reliable operation of electrical machines depending on their type, which directly affects the resource of electrical machines, production profitability, downtime of production machines, and equipment performance.
320-322
25
8
INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMER COMPOSITS ON THE STRENGTH INDICATORS OF CAR PARTS
In this article, the influence of the physical and mechanical properties of polymer composite materials obtained by adding local fillers on the strength indicators of automotive parts was studied.
323-327
46
7
USING MODERN DRONE TECHNOLOGY IN THE MINING OF RARE EARTH ORES
The application of modern drone technologies in the mining of rare earth metals (REEM) ores is revolutionizing the mining industry. This article examines the application of drones in the exploration, mapping and mining of REEM ores. Drones equipped with hyperspectral cameras, LiDAR sensors and magnetometers provide faster, safer and more cost-effective results compared to traditional methods. Results and discussions are presented based on a literature review and methodology. As a result, proposals are made to optimize the extraction of REEM ores using drone technologies and reduce environmental impact.
328-333
36
10
CHALLENGES AND RISKS OF IMPLEMENTING INNOVATIVE PROJECT MANAGEMENT APPROACHES IN UZBEKISTAN’S BANKING SECTOR
The banking sector is increasingly adopting innovative project management methodologies such as Agile, Scrum, and Lean to support digital transformation and improve agility. Yet, banks in emerging markets face specific challenges. This study analyzes managerial risks of adopting modern project management in Uzbekistan’s banking sector amid ongoing reforms and digitalization. Using literature review and qualitative surveys, the research identifies key barriers: cultural resistance, regulatory constraints, lack of skills and resources, and rigid legacy systems. Findings show that while Agile and Lean can enhance efficiency and customer focus, their implementation is limited by hierarchical culture, low awareness of frameworks, strict compliance demands, and outdated infrastructure. The discussion links these issues to global experience and proposes recommendations for managers and policymakers to enable agile transformation in a regulated transition economy. Overcoming these challenges is vital for Uzbekistan’s banks to unlock digital potential and remain competitive in a rapidly changing financial sector.
334-339
31
9
REDUCING SIZE USING AUTOENCODER AND FORECASTING SALES DELAYS BASED ON (Q) SVR
This article examines the issue of identifying and forecasting delays in the price and sales volume of retail products. In the proposed approach, size reduction using an Autoencoder and compressed latent representations are used in the Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Quantum Support Vector Regression (QSVR) models. Data on 51 types of products were cleared and enriched based on time factors and categorical attributes over a 15-month period. Latent layers were transmitted as inputs to regression models, and the results confirmed that the QSVR model showed higher accuracy and lower error compared to SVR. The findings show the practical effectiveness of the Autoencoder → (Q) SVR pipeline in predicting delays.
340-343
41
9
METHODS AND EDUCATIONAL TOOLS USED IN PRIMARY SCHOOL NATIVE LANGUAGE CLASSES
This article describes the methods used in native language lessons, forms and methods of organizing the joint activities of the teacher and the student in teaching the native language. The views of several world didactic scientists on teaching methods, their scientific research, and their analysis are included and discussed.
344-347
44
8
THE BRAIN ROT IN THE AGE OF INFORMATION OVERLOAD: ARE STUDENTS LEARNING LESS BY KNOWING MORE?
In this digital era where information is more accessible than clean air, students are not empowered—they are overwhelmed. This article explores the silent epidemic of information overload and its harmful effects on students’ cognitive capacity. It explores the symptoms of “brain rot,” the unhealthy overreliance on digital technology, and the shift from meaningful understanding to mechanical retrieval. By analyzing academic research, psychological theory, and digital culture, this offers practical strategies educators for implement to foster deeper understanding.
348-355
28
0
MODERN APPROACHES TO FORMING THE IMAGE OF A MODERN LEADER OF A PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION
The formation of the image of a modern head of a preschool educational institution is today recognized as an important component of quality management in the preschool education system. Modern approaches involve the comprehensive development of the manager's personality, including his external appearance, professional culture, psychological stability, communicative competence and readiness for innovative activities. The article analyzes modern approaches to the formation of the image of a modern head of a preschool educational institution.
356-362
38
6
THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON BUSINESS STRATEGY AND OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT
This article explores the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on business strategy and operational management. It highlights how AI technologies are reshaping the way organizations interact with customers, optimize operations, and make informed decisions. By leveraging AI, businesses can automate routine tasks, analyze vast amounts of data for valuable insights, and enhance customer relationships through personalized experiences. However, the integration of AI also presents legal, ethical, and privacy challenges that organizations must navigate. The article emphasizes the importance of adopting responsible AI practices to mitigate risks, ensure compliance with regulations, and foster customer trust. As AI continues to evolve, businesses that embrace this technology stand to gain a significant competitive advantage in the rapidly changing marketplace.
363-366
76
8
THE BRAIN ROT IN THE AGE OF INFORMATION OVERLOAD: ARE STUDENTS LEARNING LESS BY KNOWING MORE?
In this digital era where information is more accessible than clean air, students are not empowered—they are overwhelmed. This article explores the silent epidemic of information overload and its harmful effects on students’ cognitive capacity. It explores the symptoms of “brain rot,” the unhealthy overreliance on digital technology, and the shift from meaningful understanding to mechanical retrieval. By analyzing academic research, psychological theory, and digital culture, this offers practical strategies educators for implement to foster deeper understanding.
367-372
39
6
ISSUES OF THE ESSENCE AND CLASSIFICATION OF LONG-TERM ASSETS
This article analyzes the theoretical issues of long-term assets in accounting. In various approaches, such assets in regulatory documents are presented as resources purchased by enterprises for shares, bonuses or long-term exploitation. Also, long-term financial investments and assets recognized as investment property are considered one of the effective directions for future capital investment. Therefore, it is urgent to reconsider the classification and characteristics of long-term assets.
373-382
29
6
INTEGRATING LANGUAGE SKILLS THROUGH VARIED METHODOLOGIES
This article explores the characteristics of students, focusing on their social, psychological, and cultural features. It analyzes various aspects of student life, including their attitude towards education, moral values, position in the social environment, and opportunities for personal development. The paper also discusses the role of young students in society and their contribution to future progress. The findings of the study can serve as a basis for improving the educational process and developing effective approaches in working with students.
383-384
34
6
THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN SURKHANDARYA REGION (1991–2021) AND ITS EDUCATIONAL SIGNIFICANCEN
This article highlights the development of agricultural infrastructure in Surkhandarya region during the independence years, focusing on irrigation, melioration, transport, and market facilities. It discusses how teaching these processes can enhance students’ analytical abilities and understanding of economic reforms.
385-387
39
9
PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIPS IN THE UZBEK FAMILY
This article describes in detail the relationship between parents and children in the Uzbek family, the relationship between parents and each other in the upbringing of children in the Uzbek family, parental control in the relationship, and parental warmth.
388-392
17
4
THE IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TOOLS IN EDUCATING A HEALTHY GENERATION AND INCREASING LESSON EFFICIENCY
in this article, special attention is paid to the means of physical education in raising the young generation, who are the owners of our future, and improving the effectiveness of the lesson.
393-396
25
11
PHILOSOPHICAL AND MORAL TEACHINGS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE MODERN EDUCATION SYSTEM
Philosophical and moral teachings play an important role in the spiritual development of a person and the development of society. Such teachings strengthen values such as goodness, justice, patriotism and humanity in the consciousness of a person, creating the basis for his spiritual development. The use of philosophical and moral ideas in the modern education system serves to educate young people as enlightened, independent-thinking and socially responsible individuals. Thus, philosophical heritage and moral teachings, combined with modern educational processes, acquire strategic importance in forming the spiritual worldview of the new generation.
397-400
25
8
THE IMPORTANCE OF MODULAR TEACHING IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
This article studies the development and implementation of modular teaching technology in accordance with the accepted principles of teaching, and highlights how they can be used in the modern education system. Also, conclusions and suggestions are made about the significant effect of this methodology in theoretical and practical training.
401-402
72
5
THE ROLE OF NATIONAL TRADITIONS IN ENSURING SOCIAL STABILITY
This article analyzes the role and importance of national traditions in ensuring stability in society. In this study, from the point of view of social, spiritual, and economic aspects, the influence of national traditions on the life of society is considered. It was shown that Uzbek family and cultural traditions, including hospitality, respect for parents, and diligence, play an important role in the internal harmony and sustainable development of society. The study emphasizes the strategic importance of preserving and developing national traditions for the stability of society.
403-407
18
5
EDUCАTING THE MIND АND NURTURING THE SPIRIT: А VISION FOR HOLISTIC LEАRNING
Аt Presidentiаl school in Nurаfshon, our mission trаnscends the conventionаl boundаries of аcаdemic аchievement. Аs а Methodist-аffiliаted institution, we аre cаlled not only to prepаre students for university аnd cаreers but to shаpe individuаls of chаrаcter, compаssion, аnd conscience. Our guiding vision—is not merely а slogаn; it is the heаrtbeаt of our educаtionаl philosophy. It reflects our deep commitment to holistic leаrning: аn аpproаch thаt develops the intellect, strengthens the morаl compаss, аnd fosters spirituаl growth in every student.
408-412
43
7
STUDY OF NUTRITION INDICATORS OF MEDICINAL LYCIUM BARBARUM L. FRUITS
This article presents the results of a study of the quantitative parameters of the fruits of the Tibetan barberry, Lycium barbarum L. Their moisture content, ash, foreign impurities and the amount of bioactive substances were determined. The studied quantitative parameters allow the development of regulatory documents for determining the quality of medicinal plant raw materials.
420-422
20
9
ADVANCES IN RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES: AN INDEPENDENT RESEARCH PERSPECTIVE
Renewable energy has emerged as a cornerstone of sustainable development in the twenty-first century. Independent researchers play an increasingly important role in advancing renewable energy technologies by developing innovative solutions that address both global and local energy challenges. This paper explores the significance of independent research in renewable energy, examining its methodological approaches, key contributions, and the challenges that remain in terms of scalability and integration. The findings reveal that independent innovation contributes to cost-effective solutions, promotes interdisciplinary applications, and supports energy accessibility, particularly in underserved regions.
423-425
18
5
NICKNAMES AND THEIR FEATURES
Nicknames and their specific features are explained in the article.
426-429
60
11
WOMEN’S VOICES IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH LITERATURE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Women’s voices in literature have long been a subject of study, often reflecting the struggles, aspirations, and evolving roles of women within society. This article explores the comparative development of women’s literary voices in Uzbek and English traditions, focusing on how female writers have challenged patriarchal norms and created spaces for self-expression. Using feminist literary criticism as a framework, the study analyses selected works by English writers such as Charlotte Brontë, Virginia Woolf, and Maya Angelou, alongside Uzbek poets and authors including Zulfiya, Saida Zunnunova, and Halima Khudoyberdiyeva. The analysis highlights both shared themes—such as oppression, resilience, and the search for identity—and unique cultural contexts shaping women’s writing. While English women’s literature often emphasizes individual emancipation and intellectual freedom, Uzbek women’s voices tend to focus on collective identity, cultural preservation, and moral strength. This comparative approach underlines the universality of women’s struggles, while also recognising the importance of cultural specificity in shaping literary expression. Ultimately, the article argues that women’s voices in literature, whether in Uzbekistan or England, provide critical insights into gender, identity, and the transformative power of storytelling.
430-433
33
6
PROSPECTS OF PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD TREATMENT FOR IMPROVING FLAXSEED PRESSING EFFICIENCY
Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a valuable oilseed rich in α-linolenic acid, lignans, and other bioactive compounds. Conventional pressing methods are limited by the structural resistance of seed cell walls, which reduces oil recovery and leaves a significant portion of oil in the press cake. This study analyzes the prospects of Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) pre-treatment as an innovative technology to improve flaxseed pressing efficiency.Theoretical considerations show that electroporation induced by PEF causes pore formation in cell membranes, which reduces mechanical resistance and facilitates oil release. The effectiveness of PEF depends on medium properties such as seed moisture (optimal range: 7–10%) and temperature (40–50 °C), as well as treatment parameters including field strength (5–20 kV/cm), pulse duration (10–100 μs), number of pulses (10–50), and frequency (1–5 Hz). Experimental studies confirm that PEF pre-treatment increases flaxseed oil yield by approximately 4.9% compared to untreated pressing, while preserving heat-sensitive compounds such as omega-3 fatty acids, lignans, and tocopherols.In conclusion, PEF treatment is a non-thermal, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly technology that enhances oil recovery, reduces energy consumption, and improves product quality. Its industrial application in flaxseed processing represents a promising innovation for sustainable oil production.
434-437
27
11
METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE INTELLECTUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN DURING THE ACTIVITIES OF DEVELOPMENTAL CENTERS IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
The article discusses the methodology for determining the intellectual characteristics of children through developmental centers operating in preschool educational institutions. The research used observation, psychodiagnostic tests, pedagogical experiments and questionnaires. The results showed the effective impact of developmental centers on the development of children's thinking, observation and creative thinking. This methodology allows for early identification of children's intellectual development and their individual guidance.
438-441
42
12
THE ROLE OF EDUCATORS IN SHAPING THE INTELLECTUAL ABILITIES OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION STUDENTS
This article discusses the role and place of educators in the formation of intellectual abilities of children in preschool educational organizations. The study analyzes the content of pedagogical activity, effective methods and factors affecting the development of the child's personality.
442-445
29
7
PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR IDENTIFYING AND PURPOSEFULLY DEVELOPING THE INTELLECTUAL ABILITIES OF STUDENTS
This article reveals the role of pedagogical conditions in the process of identifying, assessing and purposefully developing intellectual abilities of students. The study analyzes methods for identifying intellectual potential, ways of organizing the educational process taking into account the individual characteristics of students. Also, through practical experiments, pedagogical methods that have a positive effect on intellectual development were identified. The results of the article suggest effective approaches to the formation of intellectual abilities in preschool and general secondary educational institutions.
446-450
40
6
THE ROLE OF MANUAL LABOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LABOR EDUCATION
The development of labor education of children of preschool age is considered one of the most important issues in the current era. Many scientists have studied the specific aspects of the work of preschool children. An important feature of children's work is that it is aimed at a specific goal. Education without active manual labor. unimaginable. In this type of activity, the child feels high interest. This factor has a positive effect on the general mental development of children
451-454
29
5
THE PLACE OF MANUAL LABOR IN PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION
Labor education of preschool children cannot be imagined without active manual labor. In this type of activity, the child feels high interest. This factor has a positive effect on the general mental development of children. For them, artistic work is of particular importance as one of the components of aesthetic activity based on the artistic content of decorative and practical art. The article describes the benefits of manual labor for children of kindergarten age and the aspects required from pedagogues.
455-458
26
7
THE ROLE OF PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN'S CREATIVITY IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
This article describes the issues of organizing the creative activities of preschool children in preschool education organizations based on a modern approach.
459-462
23
8
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENHANCING THE EFFICIENCY OF REGIONAL INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE
This article discusses the issues of increasing the efficiency of regional innovative infrastructure and the possibilities of its implementation. It also substantiates the possibility of applying proposals and recommendations to increase the efficiency of regional innovative infrastructure.
469-471
57
16
"EFFECTIVE TEACHING METHODOLOGIES FOR LEARNERS FROM A1 TO C2 LEVELS ACCORDING TO THE CEFR FRAMEWORK"
This article explores effective teaching methodologies tailored to learners at each level of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), from A1 (beginner) to C2 (proficient). It highlights the pedagogical strategies that address linguistic, cognitive, and affective needs of students at different stages of language acquisition. The study also emphasizes the importance of scaffolding, differentiated instruction, learner autonomy, and the use of authentic materials to enhance learners' progress. Practical examples and real classroom applications are included to illustrate how teachers can adapt methods for each level. By aligning teaching methods with CEFR descriptors, educators can deliver more targeted, engaging, and outcomes-based language instruction.
472-474
34
10
"SPEECH THERAPY WITH CHILDREN USING COCHLEAR IMPLANTS: EXPERIENCE AND METHODS"
This article examines the crucial role of speech therapy in maximizing the communication outcomes for children with cochlear implants (CIs). It reviews a range of evidence-based speech therapy approaches and methods tailored to the unique needs of CI recipients, encompassing auditory-oral therapy, auditory-verbal therapy, and combined approaches. The article details practical techniques for improving speech perception, articulation, phonology, voice quality, fluency, and overall speech intelligibility. It highlights the importance of early intervention, individualized treatment plans, family involvement, and ongoing assessment to monitor progress and adjust therapy strategies. Drawing on clinical experience and current research, this article provides valuable insights for speech-language pathologists and other professionals working to enhance the spoken language abilities of children with CIs.
475-478
21
10
"DEVELOPMENT OF SPOKEN SPEECH OF CHILDREN WITH COCHLEAR IMPLANTS IN COOPERATION WITH DEAF PEDAGOGUE AND SPEECH THERAPIST"
This article explores a collaborative approach to spoken language development in children with cochlear implants (CIs), emphasizing the synergistic roles of a deaf pedagogue (deaf educator) and a speech therapist. It examines the unique contributions each professional brings to the rehabilitation process: the speech therapist focusing on auditory training, articulation, and language skills, while the deaf pedagogue provides cultural insights, communication strategies, and support for navigating the hearing world as a deaf individual. The article details the methods used by both professionals, highlighting how their coordinated efforts address the specific linguistic, social, and emotional needs of children with CIs. It analyzes the benefits of this collaborative model in terms of improved speech perception, language acquisition, communication skills, and overall well-being. The study offers valuable insights for creating more holistic and effective intervention programs for children with CIs, promoting greater success in spoken language development and integration.
479-482
31
8
THE METAPHORICAL LANGUAGE OF MATHEMATICS: THE STORIES BEHIND THE NUMBERS
This article explores the rich metaphorical language of mathematics, showcasing how numbers and mathematical concepts communicate deeper stories and meanings beyond mere calculations. It examines the historical context, cultural significance, and the philosophical interpretations of mathematical constructs, revealing how they serve as a universal language that connects various fields, including art, science, and philosophy. Through engaging examples and anecdotes, the article highlights how mathematical metaphors can enrich our understanding of the world, influence creativity, and articulate complex ideas.
483-485
50
8
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE PARABOLA: GRAPHIC SHAPES AND HUMAN THINKING
This article explores the intricate relationship between the geometric shape of the parabola and human cognitive processes. It investigates how the properties of parabolic curves influence perception and decision-making. The article delves into psychological theories that link visual shapes to emotion and cognition, emphasizing the significance of the parabola in various fields such as architecture, art, and design. By analyzing the ways in which parabolic forms can evoke specific responses, the article highlights the role of mathematical concepts in shaping human thought and behavior.
486-489
84
16
CULTURAL MEDIATION IN TOURISM: THE ROLE OF TOUR GUIDES AS INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATORS
Tour guides play a vital role in facilitating cultural mediation between tourists and host communities, acting as bridges that connect diverse cultural perspectives. This article examines the importance of tour guides as intercultural communicators who help promote mutual understanding, respect, and positive cultural exchange within tourism contexts. The paper explores modern approaches to cultural mediation in tourism, the skills required by tour guides, and the challenges they face in effectively managing cultural differences. Recommendations for enhancing the role of tour guides in intercultural communication are also discussed.
490-492
48
19
THE IMPACT OF TRANSLATION ACCURACY ON TOURIST SATISFACTION IN MULTILINGUAL DESTINATIONS
Translation plays a critical role in shaping tourist experiences in multilingual destinations. Accurate, clear, and culturally appropriate translations influence how tourists perceive local services, understand cultural content, and navigate unfamiliar environments. This article explores the impact of translation accuracy on tourist satisfaction, highlighting the importance of linguistic quality in signage, brochures, menus, websites, and guided experiences. Poor translation can lead to confusion, misunderstanding, and dissatisfaction, whereas high-quality translation enhances trust, accessibility, and overall visitor enjoyment.
493-495
34
6
IMPROVING THE TEACHING OF PHYSICS BASED ON DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE MOLECULAR PHYSICS SECTION
This article explores modern approaches to enhancing the teaching of physics through the integration of digital technologies, with a focus on the molecular physics section. It discusses how interactive tools, simulations, and digital resources improve student engagement, conceptual understanding, and problem-solving skills. The paper emphasizes the need for technology-driven methods to align with current educational standards and learners’ needs in the digital age.
499-502
21
14
THE ROLE OF MODERN DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN IDENTIFYING SPEECH DISORDERS
This article explores the importance of modern diagnostic methods in the early identification of speech disorders in children. It examines technological advances such as neuropsychological assessments, AI-powered speech analysis tools, and standardized logopedic tests. Compared to traditional approaches, these modern methods offer more precise, objective, and efficient evaluations. The paper highlights their implementation in speech therapy practices and the implications for improving intervention outcomes in special education.
503-506
25
4
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES USED IN THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
This article explores contemporary methodological approaches applied in the education of children with intellectual disabilities. It discusses principles of individualized instruction, differentiated teaching strategies, inclusive and special education models, as well as the use of assistive technology and structured learning environments. The paper emphasizes the importance of adapting teaching methods to the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral characteristics of each learner. Innovative, evidence-based practices are examined for their effectiveness in fostering development, communication, and academic achievement in intellectually delayed children.
507-509
48
14
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF TENSE AND MOOD VERB FORMS IN KOREAN
This article investigates the functional roles of tense and mood verb forms in Korean, moving beyond purely structural descriptions to explore how these grammatical features contribute to meaning-making in discourse. The analysis focuses on how tense morphology interacts with aspect and evidentiality to convey temporal relations and the speaker's perspective on events. It also examines the various mood markers, exploring their functions in expressing speaker attitudes, deontic and epistemic modality, and illocutionary force. Special attention is given to the interplay between tense and mood, revealing how their combined functions contribute to the overall interpretation of utterances in context. By adopting a functional perspective, this paper aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of how Korean verb morphology shapes meaning and facilitates effective communication. The study draws on authentic language data to support its claims, highlighting the importance of considering context and discourse in analyzing grammatical phenomena.
510-512
40
7
GRAMMATICAL MEANS OF POLITENESS: A COMPARISON OF KOREAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
This article investigates the grammatical strategies employed to express politeness in Korean and Uzbek, two languages belonging to distinct typological families. It examines how grammatical features, such as honorifics, verb endings, pronouns, and sentence structures, are utilized to convey deference, respect, and social distance. The analysis compares and contrasts the specific grammatical devices used in each language to encode politeness, exploring the influence of cultural norms and social hierarchies on linguistic expression. Furthermore, the paper investigates the interplay between grammar and pragmatics in the realization of politeness, considering how contextual factors and speaker intentions interact with grammatical forms to create nuanced expressions of social meaning. By highlighting the similarities and differences in the grammatical encoding of politeness in Korean and Uzbek, this study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of cross-linguistic variation and universals in the expression of social relationships through language.
513-515
41
7
LEXICAL BORROWINGS COMPARISON IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH
This article examines the phenomenon of lexical borrowings in Uzbek and English, highlighting the historical and cultural contexts that have influenced the integration of foreign words into both languages. By analyzing various sources of borrowings, including technological advances, globalization, and cultural exchange, the article offers insights into how such borrowings reflect the dynamic nature of language and the interplay between different cultures. It also explores phonological adaptations and semantic shifts resulting from the integration of borrowed terms, providing concrete examples from both languages.
516-518
88
9
LOANWORDS AND THEIR ADAPTATION IN RUSSIAN, UZBEK, ENGLISH, AND TURKISH
This study examines the phenomenon of lexical borrowing and its subsequent adaptation in four typologically diverse languages: Russian (Slavic, fusional), Uzbek (Turkic, agglutinative), English (Germanic, analytic), and Turkish (Turkic, agglutinative). The research investigates the factors influencing the borrowing process, including historical contact, cultural exchange, political dominance, and technological advancements. It analyzes the phonological, morphological, and semantic changes that loanwords undergo as they are integrated into each language's system. The study contrasts the strategies employed by each language to adapt foreign vocabulary, considering the role of sound substitutions, vowel harmony (in Uzbek and Turkish), morphological adjustments, and semantic shifts. It also explores the social and cultural attitudes towards loanwords in each language community, examining the impact of language purism and standardization efforts. Data is gathered from dictionaries, corpora, and linguistic analyses. The findings shed light on the dynamic interplay between language contact, linguistic adaptation, and sociocultural factors, providing a comparative perspective on the evolution of vocabulary in these four languages.
519-524
28
7
FOSTERING SUSTAINABLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN EMERGING ECONOMIES: STRATEGIC INNOVATIONS AND ECOSYSTEM ROADMAPS FROM UZBEKISTAN
This study investigates the role of sustainable entrepreneurship in advancing economic resilience, social equity, and environmental protection in developing countries, with a focus on Uzbekistan. Using a systematic literature review of over 60 peer-reviewed sources from 2012 to 2024, the research synthesizes key innovations, strategies, and stakeholder roles that foster sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystems. The analysis integrates the Triple Bottom Line framework, Resource-Based View, and Institutional Theory to explore enablers such as policy support, cross-sector collaboration, green financing, and sustainability-focused education. Findings highlight significant gaps in policy coherence, financial access, and ecosystem maturity in Uzbekistan. The study proposes a strategic roadmap for promoting green entrepreneurship in emerging markets through integrative policies, targeted capacity building, and stronger institutional alignment. These insights contribute to ongoing efforts toward inclusive, resilient, and environmentally responsible development.
525-527
19
4
DEVELOPING SOCIAL SKILLS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS
This article explores effective methods and strategies for developing social skills in children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Emphasizing the importance of early intervention, individualized approaches, and the integration of modern technologies, the article highlights current research findings and practical applications to support social development. The role of family involvement, educators, and therapists in fostering meaningful social interactions is also discussed.
528-530
18
3
DIGITAL RESOURCES IN MODERN SPECIAL NEEDS EDUCATION: PERSPECTIVES AND CHALLENGES
This article explores the increasing integration of digital resources in special needs education, highlighting their potential to enhance learning outcomes and promote inclusive education. It discusses current trends, benefits, and the challenges faced by educators and learners in utilizing these technologies effectively. The article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the perspectives surrounding digital tools and their role in transforming special education.
531-534
51
11
SAFETY MEASURES IN RAILWAY TRANSPORTATION
This article explores the various safety measures implemented in railway transportation to ensure the protection of passengers, cargo, and railway personnel. It highlights technological innovations, regulatory frameworks, and operational practices that contribute to reducing accidents and enhancing efficiency in railway systems worldwide.
535-537
26
5
ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES
This article explores the significant environmental benefits of electric locomotives in modern rail transportation. It highlights their role in reducing air pollution, decreasing greenhouse gas emissions, improving energy efficiency, and promoting sustainable transport. The paper also discusses advancements in technology and the future outlook for electric rail systems worldwide.
538-540
21
14
PROSPECTS OF COMMERCIALIZING INFORMATION, MODERNIZING SERVICE INFRASTRUCTURE, AND INTRODUCING INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION
In the era of globalization, the commercialization of information and modernization of service infrastructure have become critical for competitive advantage and sustainable development. The integration of innovative technologies facilitates improved efficiency, customer satisfaction, and economic growth. This article explores the prospects of leveraging information as a commercial asset, the challenges and strategies for upgrading service infrastructure, and the role of cutting-edge technologies in transforming service delivery systems worldwide.
541-543
22
5
FAIRNESS OF THE SALARY SYSTEM AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION
This article analyzes how the fairness of the salary system affects labor productivity, employees' attitudes towards work, and motivation. Based on modern approaches, the importance of a fair payment system is highlighted, and the main principles for achieving it are discussed. The article also addresses the role of an effective and transparent salary system in ensuring social stability within the organization.
544-546
30
9
FORMATION OF CORPORATE CULTURE AND INCREASING EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT
This article analyzes the concept of corporate culture, its place in the organization, the stages of its formation, and its direct impact on employee engagement. It is discussed that the healthy formation of culture in a corporate environment strengthens trust, teamwork, efficiency, and loyalty among employees, which in turn is a decisive factor in the stable and successful operation of the enterprise.
547-549
23
9
CHALLENGES OF IMMIGRANTS AND MULTICULTURALISM IN SOUTH KOREA
South Korea, during a period of economic growth and development, has created new opportunities for foreign workers and immigrants. However, this process has also created a number of problems. It also analyzes the obstacles that immigrants and their families face in the areas of education, health care, and employment.
550-551
24
6
AGING POPULATION IN SOUTH KOREA
South Korea is one of the fastest aging countries in the world, which poses a number of challenges. Population aging is mainly associated with low fertility rates, increased life expectancy, and socio-economic changes.The economic impacts of population aging, such as the pension system, healthcare costs, and a shrinking workforce, are also analyzed. The social and cultural consequences of population aging, including changes in intergenerational relations and community life, are also considered.
552-554
34
19
CRITERIA FOR IDENTIFYING MILDER FORMS OF AUTISM IN PRESCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN
The early identification of autism spectrum disorder is essential for timely intervention, especially in milder cases where symptoms may not be easily recognized. Mild forms of autism in preschool-aged children often present with subtle social and communicative challenges that can be overlooked or misattributed to temperament or language delay. This article explores the diagnostic features, behavioral patterns, and assessment strategies that aid in identifying high-functioning or mild autism in early childhood. Emphasis is placed on observational criteria, standardized tools, and developmental red flags that distinguish mild autism from typical variation.
555-557
36
7
PSYCHOPEDAGOGICAL MONITORING IN DEVELOPING INDIVIDUAL EDUCATION PLANS FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM
This article discusses the crucial role of psychopedagogical monitoring in designing Individual Education Plans (IEPs) for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Psychopedagogical monitoring is a structured process that enables in-depth assessment of a child’s developmental progress and supports the personalization of the educational process. The paper analyzes the stages, methods, and educational outcomes associated with this approach and highlights its application in both international and local contexts.
558-560
27
8
THE RELEVANCE OF PROPERLY ORGANIZING THE ACTIVITIES OF CHILDREN IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATION IS SIGNIFICANT
proper organization of activities for preschool children is very important in today's educational process. Well-organized activities ensure the psychological, physical, and social development of children, enhancing their abilities and interests. At the same time, effective planning of activities contributes to the development of independent thinking, creativity, and communication skills in children. This topic is focused on studying issues related to improving the quality of education in preschool institutions and the comprehensive development of children.
561-562
28
6
TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEVELOPING INTELLECTUAL ABILITIES OF CHILDREN IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
preschool education is an important stage for children and serves as a fundamental foundation for intellectual development. The article demonstrates how to develop children's thinking, logical reasoning, and creativity skills through modern pedagogical technologies, games, and interactive methods.
563-565
70
4
THE USE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AS MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES
Organic compounds play a fundamental role in modern medicine due to their structural diversity and ability to interact specifically with biological targets. This article explores the significance of organic molecules in drug design and development, highlighting their chemical properties, mechanisms of action, and recent advances in pharmaceutical applications. Emphasis is placed on the synthesis of novel compounds, their pharmacodynamics, and the integration of organic chemistry with biotechnology for improved therapeutic outcomes.
566-568
42
12
POLYMERS: THEIR APPLICATIONS IN DAILY LIFE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Polymers play a crucial role in modern life due to their versatile properties and wide-ranging applications across industries. From packaging and textiles to healthcare and electronics, polymers contribute significantly to daily conveniences. However, their extensive use raises pressing environmental concerns, including pollution, waste management challenges, and ecological impacts. This article explores the dual nature of polymers—highlighting their benefits and the urgent need for sustainable solutions to mitigate environmental damage.
569-572
30
12
THE STUDY OF PHRASEOLOGY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS
This articlе еxaminеs phrasеology from thе pеrspеctivе of cognitivе linguistics, focusing on thе mеntal and concеptual mеchanisms undеrlying thе formation and intеrprеtation of phrasеological units. Thе study highlights how idiomatic еxprеssions arе not only linguistic phеnomеna but also rеflеctions of cultural modеls, collеctivе knowlеdgе, and mеtaphorical thinking. By analyzing phrasеological units through a cognitivе framеwork, thе rеsеarch еxplorеs thеir rolе in structuring concеptual mеtaphors, mеntal imagеry, and cultural codеs. Spеcial attеntion is givеn to thе intеraction bеtwееn languagе, thought, and culturе in thе procеss of phrasеological mеaning-making. Thе rеsults dеmonstratе that phrasеology sеrvеs as an important linguistic tool for undеrstanding human cognition and providеs valuablе insights into thе mеntal rеprеsеntation of rеality.
573-576
26
9
LANGUAGE VERSUS IDENTITY: HOW CULTURE AND LITERATURE SHAPE THE PERSONAL SPHERE OF ADVANCED MULTILINGUALS?
This article investigates the association between language and identity among proficient multilinguals, emphasizing the key points of culture and literature as shapers of the personal formation. Many individuals feel immersed after trying to dive into multiple languages through different cultural backgrounds, literature frameworks, self-perception, and humor that they got in a fast-paced globalized world. Playing a pivotal role as a reflection of someone's historical values and cultural identity, language also further navigates the way of thinking among multilinguals by shaping their mindset completely differently. In turn, this serves as a globalization act and offers several insights to better understand common sense and lead the community quickly from different backgrounds. By understanding society and expressing opinions fluently, advanced multilinguals often undergo changes in their personal sphere as they navigate through cultural differences. The ambiguity locked the doors first when those nuances had an impact on language learners and became clearer as language proficiency was enhanced. It also had been felt that literature, in its own, changes how people feel emotionally, their native-like thinking, and how they get along with language. By examining the cultural understanding via language and literature, this study references examples and explanations from different scholars to expand and express how multilinguals experience the transformation in their personal sphere of inner identity.
577-580
21
7
IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM THROUGH INNOVATIVE COMMUNICATIONS
In the contemporary knowledge society, the education system requires not only pedagogical reforms but also innovative communication strategies to ensure transparency, efficiency, and inclusiveness. This paper explores the role of innovative communications in strengthening governance mechanisms, enhancing interaction among stakeholders, and supporting decision-making processes in education. It argues that integrating digital platforms, artificial intelligence (AI), and interactive communication models into management practices contributes to sustainable educational development
581-583
26
8
THE PRIMARY ACTIVITY BENEFIT ACCOUNT OF THE ECONOMY HOST IN SUBJECTS
The primary activity of the article farm host is to benefit the subject in question. Financial stability and the importance of the main activity benefit account are stressed in its household host of issues. The article's primary task will be to complete the structural components of the benefit account and the importance statement of the computation. The primary activity benefit account to enhance directed essential issues, such as automation, standardization, analysis, expense management, and development discussion, is also covered in the page about household hosts. According to the article, the economy's ability to more effectively coordinate its own activities and maintain financial stability to meet demand for its primary activity is sufficient.
584-592
282
31
INTERNATIONAL EXPANSION THROUGH FRANCHISING: AN ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
International franchising has become a prominent strategy for firms seeking global growth, offering a rapid path to scale with limited capital investment. This article analyzes the key economic drivers that make franchising an attractive mode of international expansion and examines the benefits franchisors reap, such as accelerated growth, risk sharing, and efficiency gains. It also discusses the economic challenges and risks franchises face abroad, including cultural and regulatory hurdles, reduced control, and financial vulnerabilities. Drawing on relevant economic theories – notably resource scarcity and agency theory – and using real-world case studies, the analysis highlights how franchising enables firms to leverage local entrepreneurship while expanding globally. The article is structured in a scholarly format with a review of literature and theory, a discussion of drivers and challenges, case examples, and a conclusion. The findings underscore that while international franchising can deliver significant economic advantages in scaling and market entry, success depends on careful management of risks and alignment of incentives across borders.
593-597
64
11
HOW DATA SCIENCE CAN REVIVE UZBEKISTAN’S TOURISM INDUSTRY
This research paper provides a comprehensive examination of how big data and data science can transform the tourism industry in Uzbekistan—a sector of growing strategic importance under the national digitalization agenda. The study explores big data concepts, analytical models, and their application to tourism functions such as demand forecasting, visitor segmentation, and service personalization. Uzbekistan’s recent announcement of a tourism big data platform, developed with Chinese partners and modeled on successful smart tourism systems, serves as the focal point for this analysis. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative interviews with tourism stakeholders and quantitative analysis of digital behavior data, the study identifies major trends, structural barriers, and actionable opportunities. Findings indicate that while mobile-first travel planning and increasing digital adoption present strong potential, barriers such as fragmented data ecosystems, limited infrastructure, and low analytics capacity persist. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations to enable data-driven tourism growth aligned with the objectives of the Digital Uzbekistan 2030 program.
598-601
21
5
CONCEPT AND SUMMARY OF MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION
In the article there is a study of the organization management system notion as deployment of notions: system, management system and organization. The author analyzed the terminology of general system theory, cybernetics, theory of organization and management. The definition of organization management system is an aggregate of procedures of informational and vital influence of culture on structure, where the first is the subject of leaders and owners, the last is formed as an object of the company's value chain.
602-607
23
7
MORPHOLOGICAL JUSTIFICATIONS FOR THE USE OF INTRAOPERATIVE BALLOONS TISSUE STRETCHING
In this article, the author presents morphological changes in tissues during intraoperative balloon stretching. To confirm the adequacy of the experimentally developed method and scheme for performing intraoperative balloon stretching, the morphology of intraoperatively stretched tissues taken from patients was additionally studied. The authors revealed a rather specific reaction of the burn-affected skin of the cranial vault to its intraoperative balloon dermotension. This reaction consists of a significant increase in the number of hair shafts in the hair follicles, which is accompanied by thickening of the walls of the hair follicles.
608-612
18
4
COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF GAS FROM RECOVERED FIBERS
in this article, the complex evaluates the physical and mechanical properties of fabrics obtained from a mixture of different compositions and recycled fibers at the joint venture of Safira-Samira Textile LLC, EURASIYA ALLIANCE TEX LLC in the Bukhara region and CHACH TEX LLC in the Chirchik district of Tashkent area and recommended the best option.
613-615
43
7
MICROFINANCING PROBLEMS IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN AND THEIR SOLUTIONS
Microfinance plays a key role in supporting small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) in Uzbekistan. In 2023-2024, the sector has experienced significant growth, with the issuance of microloans and microcredits more than doubling, and the revenue and profit margins of microfinance organizations (MFOs) reaching record levels. However, new risks have emerged, including an increase in non-performing loans, financial stress among borrowers, and challenges in the regulatory and infrastructure environment. The article analyzes the main problems of microfinance, assesses the state of the industry based on statistics, and suggests solutions, including strengthening supervision, expanding limits, improving access to financing, and developing Islamic and digital financing.
616-617
25
10
THE ROLE OF MARKETING STRATEGIES IN THE PROCESS OF BRAND CREATION
This article examines the theoretical and practical significance of marketing strategies in the process of brand creation. A brand is not only a distinguishing feature that separates a product or service from its competitors but also a marketing tool that instills certain values, trust, and emotional connection in the consumer’s mind. Marketing strategies in brand development include the study of consumer needs, market segmentation, effective positioning, advertising and communication policies, as well as the utilization of digital marketing opportunities. Through these strategies, companies achieve long-term competitive advantage and enhance their economic efficiency.
618-620
43
8
THE ROLE OF FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE
Forensic toxicology, as a vital branch of forensic medicine, deals with the detection and interpretation of drugs, alcohol, and poisons in biological materials. It plays a pivotal role in criminal investigations, civil litigation, public health monitoring, and workplace safety. This article explores the historical development, methodologies, and applications of forensic toxicology, emphasizing its role in cases of homicide, suicide, accidental poisoning, and impaired driving. The article also discusses contemporary challenges such as novel psychoactive substances, laboratory standardization, and ethical considerations.
621-624
26
8
AI AS A TOOL FOR SHAPING A STUDENT'S LINGUISTIC PERSONALITY: OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS.
The article highlights the positive and negative sides of the introduction of AI in the formation of a student's linguistic personality. The modern problems posed by the research emphasize the strengths of AI-tools such as adaptability, accessibility, imitation of speech interaction, as well as the development of a number of cognitive and pragmatic skills. Along with this, there are negative risks associated with superficial language acquisition, sociocultural imbalance, long-term addiction, and lack of emotional contextuality. The author provides a justification for the pedagogical adequate approach to the use of AI tools in language education with the advanced task of serving as auxiliary rather than substitute.
3-5
47
8
THE IMPACT OF READING ON COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT AND INFORMATION CULTURE
The article highlights the role of reading in the intellectual and spiritual development of an individual and its influence on shaping information culture. The process of reading is interpreted as an important source for enriching human thinking, broadening worldview, and developing independent and systematic reasoning skills. Through reading, students and young people acquire a critical approach to receiving, processing, and evaluating information, while also strengthening creative thinking and problem-solving abilities. In the context of the digital society, reading serves not only as a source of knowledge but also as a tool for navigating information flows, distinguishing reliable data, and perceiving it at the level of cultural values. At the same time, reading plays a significant role in enhancing speech development, aesthetic taste, and devotion to both national and universal values.
6-9
20
5
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION
Goods working issuing , service indicative and working release and developments busy with wide networked , but always technologically mutual unconnected complexes to the body comes and this working release diversification It is called .
10-12
20
8
RESEARCH OF PRODUCT SALES IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES STYLISH ASPECTS.
In the article research based on of enterprises successful development and stable positive results to take probability goods and services presented to grow quality modification effect for studied .
13-15
26
8
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARKETING ACTIVITIES IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES.
In the article strategies often the marketing mix how adaptation necessary determines ; firms less resources how distribution and stamps portfolio how distribution solution to do effect for studied .
16-18
38
7
MARKETING PLANNING MECHANISMS IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES.
The article examines the direct and indirect impact of assessing the capabilities and prospects of the country's economy, thinking about the goals of the enterprise and finding solutions, and developing a company's marketing strategy .
19-22
35
5
THE USE OF NOUNS IN THE NOMINATIVE CASE IN THE ARABIC LANGUAGE
This article studies the issue of the use of nouns in nominative agreement in the Arabic language. Nominative agreement, as one of the main parts of Arabic grammar, analyzes the function of nouns used without a case in the sentence structure, their syntactic and semantic features. Also, the address of nouns in nominative agreement, their role in the main part of the message, and the laws of their connection with the verb are shown. The article sheds light on the grammatical and methodological significance of nominative agreement based on theoretical sources and practical examples.
23-26
31
11
THE PRACTICE OF USING COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES AND A STRUCTURED SYSTEM OF DRILLS
In this article, a comprehensive analysis is carried out on the methodology and technology of teaching communicative style strategies and their implementation in practice, along with the theoretical and practical foundations of creating an effective system of exercises. Within the framework of the communicative approach, special emphasis is placed on the significance of a strategic orientation in the process of language acquisition. The study explores the types of exercises designed to foster the development of learners’ communicative competence, highlighting the criteria for their selection, classification, and application.
The article also focuses on the role of interactive teaching methods, including role-playing, problem-based learning, and communicative simulations, which serve as effective tools for engaging learners in authentic speech situations. These methods are evaluated through experimental and practical observation, with an aim to demonstrate their impact on enhancing both oral and written language skills.
The article also focuses on the role of interactive teaching methods, including role-playing, problem-based learning, and communicative simulations, which serve as effective tools for engaging learners in authentic speech situations. These methods are evaluated through experimental and practical observation, with an aim to demonstrate their impact on enhancing both oral and written language skills.
27-29
27
6
CHANGE OF WATER RESERVE IN SOILS OF AREAS SUBJECTED TO IRRIGATION EROSION
This article presents data on the changes in soil moisture storage during the vegetation period of cotton in areas prone to irrigation erosion under the conditions of typical sierozem soils of the Tashkent region, when it is irrigated through conventional furrows with a small slope (0.25˚) and perpendicular to the slope.
30-33
36
9
PEDAGOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF ENCOURAGING YOUNG SPECIALISTS IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
This article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of encouraging young specialists working in preschool educational institutions. The leadership role of the director, methods of encouragement, and motivational mechanisms are examined. In addition, the importance of material and moral incentives in increasing the effectiveness of the pedagogical process is highlighted.
34-37
28
7
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HUMOROUS DIALOGUES IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES BASED ON SPEECH ACT THEORY
The essence of humor lies not only in the words with funny content but often in the specific pragmatic use of speech, i.e., in how it is said. Speech Act Theory, developed by J.L. Austin and J.R. Searle, emphasizes that speech is not only about conveying a certain meaning but also a means of performing a certain action. The speaker promises, asks, orders, curses, or casts a spell. In humorous speech, the standard use of these speech acts is violated, turned in an unexpected direction, or interpreted in a specific way, and it is this violation that serves as the main source of the comic effect.
38-42
32
9
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY, COMPILATION METHOD
This article provides information on the initial formation processes and emergence of personal indicators, the methodology for compiling personal bibliographic indicators, and the work performed at each stage.
43-46
29
11
LITERARY REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS ABOUT KASHKADARYA: THEIR ROLE IN THE SERVICE OF INFORMATION AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
This article provides information on the creation of literary reference publications about the Kashkadarya oasis, an analysis of the work of the folk poets who lived and worked in Kashkadarya, written literature of the past and poets and writers of the present, the formation of the literary life of the oasis, its specific development directions, the worthy place of Kashkadarya poets and writers in the development of Uzbek literature, the importance of the works they created, the idea of calling for national awakening, renewing thinking, glorifying peace and harmony, and friendship of peoples.
47-49
28
7
THE ROLE OF CONVERSION (ZERO AFFIXATION) IN THE FORMATION OF TWO-COMPONENT (WORD) SENTENCES
This article examines the role of conversion (zero affixation) in the formation of two-component sentences in English and Uzbek. In English, conversion is highly productive, allowing nouns and adjectives to function as verbs and form minimal subject–predicate structures, for example She emailed or The room emptied. Uzbek, however, relies mainly on affixation for predicate formation, with conversion appearing less frequently and usually in colloquial or stylistically marked contexts, such as copula-less nominal sentences. Despite these differences, both languages reflect the universal principle of predication as the core of communication. The findings highlight how morphology and syntax interact in different typological systems and provide useful insights for comparative linguistics and translation studies.
50-52
28
11
MODERN SYSTEM OF VIEWS ON MARKETING OF INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS (HIGH-TECH MARKETING): PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN THEIR SOLUTION
The study presented in the article deals with a specifically defined market segment, i.e., that part of the commodity market in which a certain group of buyers focuses on a specifically defined modification of a product.
53-56
37
11
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MARKETING: 5 KEY PRINCIPLES
In the article, sustainable development marketing is not only vital, but also necessary and is the only way forward. research
57-60
25
6
TRENDS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES IN UZBEKISTAN
The article highlights the importance of fruit and vegetable clusters in the agricultural sector of the economy and issues of improving the management mechanisms of fruit and vegetable clusters.
61-66
29
7
THE MAIN ROLE AND APPLICATION METHODS OF THE “4C” MODEL IN PRIMARY EDUCATION
: This article explores the essence of the modern educational model “4C” – creativity, critical thinking, communication, and collaboration, and its importance in the primary education system. The development of 4C skills among primary school students not only enhances the process of acquiring knowledge but also contributes to personal growth, preparation for social activity, and the formation of independent thinking.
The article analyzes the theoretical foundations and pedagogical approaches of applying the 4C model, as well as discusses effective methods of its implementation in primary school classrooms. Particular attention is given to interactive teaching methods, project-based learning, group work techniques, creative tasks, and problem-solving activities aimed at developing key competencies. In addition, methodological recommendations are provided for fostering students’ abilities to make independent decisions, generate new ideas, justify their opinions, and work collaboratively in a team.
Thus, the use of the “4C” model in primary education serves as a foundation for preparing students to meet global educational standards and achieve success in their future professional activities.
The article analyzes the theoretical foundations and pedagogical approaches of applying the 4C model, as well as discusses effective methods of its implementation in primary school classrooms. Particular attention is given to interactive teaching methods, project-based learning, group work techniques, creative tasks, and problem-solving activities aimed at developing key competencies. In addition, methodological recommendations are provided for fostering students’ abilities to make independent decisions, generate new ideas, justify their opinions, and work collaboratively in a team.
Thus, the use of the “4C” model in primary education serves as a foundation for preparing students to meet global educational standards and achieve success in their future professional activities.
67-70
25
5
IMPROVING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPEECH COMMUNICATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS WHO NEED SPECIAL ASSISTANCE
This article presents the study and analysis of foreign literature on the issues of forming speech communication in primary school students with mental retardation who have special educational needs, solutions to the problems, and the formation of speech communication in severe forms of mental retardation, the development of communication skills in Uzbek children.
71-74
35
16
MECHANISMS FOR INCREASING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COMPLIANCE CONTROL SYSTEM TO PREVENT CORRUPTION IN COMMERCIAL BANKS
this article explores the international experience of the complaense control system to combat corruption in commercial banks. In particular, special attention is paid to the basic approaches, methodology and regulatory requirements used in the banking and financial systems of developed countries. The article developed practical recommendations for commercial banks in our country by analyzing the role of international standards and artificial intelligence technologies in improving the efficiency of the complaence control system. These recommendations are significant in that they are aimed at ensuring the transparency of commercial banks and further improving their reputation in the international arena. The reason is that banks are an important part of the economy of each country, and its stability and efficiency are decisive for economic development and financial security. Also, allowing cases of corruption in the banking industry leads not only to the illegal consumption of financial resources, but also to a decrease in confidence in the financial system in society. Corruption reduces the transparency of banking activities, undermines the legitimacy of financial transactions, and ultimately has a negative impact on economic stability. Therefore, it is important for the sustainable development of the economy that the Prevention of corruption in the banking system is defined as an important task, effective measures are carried out in this area.
75-79
24
8
PRINCIPLES OF INDOOR LAND MANAGEMENT
Widespread anthropogenic land development in Uzbekistan in 1975-1980. It influenced the intensification of the processes of erosion and man–made soil disturbance, which led to a reduction of more than 300 thousand hectares of agricultural land and a deterioration in the soil and ecological situation of the country. The problem is aggravated by the fact that in the arid zone and the mountainous region of the Republic, the use of traditional methods of land reclamation and reclamation of soils disturbed by ravines and anthropogenic human activity. [1, p. 4].
Scientific justification determining the effectiveness of anti–theft measures should take into account all aspects of economic activity - economic, environmental and social.
Scientific justification determining the effectiveness of anti–theft measures should take into account all aspects of economic activity - economic, environmental and social.
80-83
275
13
ISLAM KARIMOV: THE FIRST PREZIDENT OF INDEPENDENT UZBEKISTAN”
This article examines the life and legacy of Islam Karimov, the first President of independent Uzbekistan (1991–2016), highlighting his pivotal role in shaping the nation’s modern trajectory. From his early education in Samarkand to his rise through key governmental roles, Karimov’s intellectual and practical expertise laid the groundwork for his transformative leadership. Guiding Uzbekistan through its transition from Soviet rule to sovereignty, he implemented the "Uzbek model" of economic reform, fostering gradual market development, industrial diversification, and social welfare. His policies advanced education, healthcare, and cultural preservation, while his foreign policy strengthened Uzbekistan’s global standing through balanced diplomacy and regional cooperation. Karimov’s enduring contributions, including infrastructure projects, interethnic harmony, and a robust national identity, cemented his legacy as a visionary leader committed to Uzbekistan’s stability and prosperity.
84-86
36
8
THE ROLE OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN UZBEKISTAN LANGUAGE LESSONS
This in the article modern education technologies education to the field in particular , Uzbek language in teaching importance , modern lessons organization to grow for in the pedagogue to oneself typical information century under the circumstances pedagogical the process effective organization to grow for necessary skills , creative and technological culture from forming Also , the lesson consists of in the process application for different modern pedagogical technology from the methods samples recommendation done .
87-90
32
9
EVALUATION AS A LINGUISTIC CATEGORY WITHIN AXIOLINGUISTICS
In this study, attention is given to the manifestation of the category of evaluation – one of the core concepts of the value system – through the analysis of linguists’ opinions.
91-93
29
4
PROCESSING AND STORAGE OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTS
The article highlights the importance of fruit and vegetable clusters in the agricultural sector of the economy and issues of improving the management mechanisms of fruit and vegetable clusters.
94-96
20
9
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF FACILITATING THE MODERN PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL PROCESS BASED ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE CURRICULA
The main goal of the reforms being implemented in the education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan today is to educate a well-rounded individual, to form the knowledge, skills and qualifications of the younger generation based on national and universal values. Preschool education is considered the most important link in this system and constitutes the initial stage of development of the child's personality. For this reason, it is of great importance to organize the educational process based on modern approaches.
97-101
95
16
LINGUISTIC RELATIVITY AND ITS ROLE IN TIME PERCEPTION
This subchapter explores the role of linguistic relativity in shaping time perception, with particular focus on how grammatical structures, lexical choices, and cultural metaphors influence temporal cognition. Drawing on the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis and Slobin’s “thinking for speaking” framework, it examines variations in temporal reference systems, tense marking, and aspect across languages, and how these differences affect memory, planning, and event sequencing. Empirical evidence from cross‐linguistic studies, bilingualism research, psycholinguistic experiments, and neuroimaging reveals that language can modulate the perception and organization of time, though the extent of this influence remains contested. The discussion addresses both strong and weak interpretations of linguistic relativity, considering universal cognitive mechanisms alongside culturally mediated differences. Practical implications for cross‐cultural communication and clinical contexts are highlighted, as well as future research directions involving interdisciplinary methodologies and the influence of digital communication on temporal cognition.
102-105
30
10
WASTEWATER TREATMENT WITH SORBENTS MADE OF MODIFIED VERMICULITE AND ORGAN VERMICULITE
The article investigates the modified Vermiculite with chitosan and adsorption capacity of organ sorbent based on.
This paper investigates the efficiency of wastewater treatment using sorbents based on modified vermiculite and organ vermiculite. Vermiculite, a layered aluminosilicate with high cation exchange capacity and thermal stability, was chemically and thermally modified to enhance its adsorption properties. Additionally, surface modification with organic compounds was applied to obtain organ vermiculite with increased affinity for organic pollutants. The sorption capacity of both materials was evaluated for removing heavy metals (such as Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺) and organic contaminants (such as phenols and dyes) from industrial and domestic wastewater. Experimental results demonstrated that organ vermiculite exhibited higher sorption efficiency toward organic pollutants, while thermally modified vermiculite was more effective in capturing heavy metal ions. The study confirms the potential of using natural and modified vermiculite-based sorbents as cost-effective and environmentally friendly materials for advanced wastewater treatment applications.
This paper investigates the efficiency of wastewater treatment using sorbents based on modified vermiculite and organ vermiculite. Vermiculite, a layered aluminosilicate with high cation exchange capacity and thermal stability, was chemically and thermally modified to enhance its adsorption properties. Additionally, surface modification with organic compounds was applied to obtain organ vermiculite with increased affinity for organic pollutants. The sorption capacity of both materials was evaluated for removing heavy metals (such as Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺) and organic contaminants (such as phenols and dyes) from industrial and domestic wastewater. Experimental results demonstrated that organ vermiculite exhibited higher sorption efficiency toward organic pollutants, while thermally modified vermiculite was more effective in capturing heavy metal ions. The study confirms the potential of using natural and modified vermiculite-based sorbents as cost-effective and environmentally friendly materials for advanced wastewater treatment applications.
102-106
68
11
AI-DRIVEN PERSONALIZATION IN DIGITAL BANKING IN UZBEKISTAN: ENHANCING CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION THROUGH TAILORED SOLUTIONS
This article explores the transformative role of AI-driven personalization in the digital banking sector, focusing on its dual impact on enhancing customer experience and advancing financial inclusion. Through a review of literature and international case studies, the study identifies key AI technologies, such as machine learning for product recommendations and AI-powered credit scoring, as instrumental in tailoring financial services. The research also addresses critical challenges, including data privacy, algorithmic bias, and a lack of proper governance. Finally, it contextualizes these global insights within the emerging market of Uzbekistan, highlighting the unique opportunities and barriers to responsible AI adoption in the region.
113-118
37
12
CURRENT CHALLENGES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CHILDHOOD BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AT THE PRIMARY HEALTHCARE LEVEL AND STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVEMENT
Introduction: Bronchial asthma (BA) is a leading chronic respiratory disease in children, yet its diagnosis at the primary healthcare level is often delayed, leading to poorer outcomes. This study aimed to identify the key challenges in the timely diagnosis of childhood BA in the primary care setting and to propose effective strategies for improvement. Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted involving 305 children in Andijan region, Uzbekistan. The study included a main group of 125 children (mean age 7 years) diagnosed with BA, a control group of 125 clinically healthy children (mean age 7 years) with a history of early-life wheezing, and a working group of 55 young children (mean age 3 years) with bronchial obstruction syndrome. Data were collected through retrospective analysis of medical records, prospective clinical-anamnestic evaluation, immunological assays (serum IgE), functional diagnostics (spirometry), and allergological tests. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. Results: The average delay in BA diagnosis was found to be 2.8 ± 1.2 years after the onset of initial symptoms. Key reasons for delayed diagnosis included misinterpretation of recurrent wheezing as "obstructive bronchitis" (68% of cases), limited use of objective diagnostic tools like spirometry in children under 6 (55%), and low awareness of predictive risk factors among primary care pediatricians (45%). Children with a delayed diagnosis demonstrated significantly lower FEV1 scores (p < 0.05) and higher total IgE levels (p < 0.01) compared to those diagnosed early. An implemented electronic diagnostic support tool, based on a predictive model of risk factors, showed a 40% improvement in diagnostic accuracy for the working group. Conclusion: Delayed diagnosis of childhood BA at the primary care level is a significant problem driven by clinical, functional, and educational barriers. Overcoming these challenges requires a multi-faceted approach, including targeted training for pediatricians, wider implementation of age-appropriate functional diagnostics, and the integration of predictive digital support tools into routine clinical practice.
119-124
328
21
HUTCHINSON AND WATERS’ ESP MATERIALS DESIGN MODEL
In the field of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), it is essential to create successful instructional materials that cater to the specific requirements of students. In their groundbreaking book "English for Specific Purposes: A Learning-Centred Approach," Hutchinson and Waters present one of the most important models for the creation of ESP materials. Their model offers a cyclical structure for material design that prioritizes adaptability, learner relevance, and the combination of content, language, and task-based learning. This article provides examples of how Hutchinson and Water's ESP model can be implemented in higher education, as well as how CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) can be applied to specific disciplines within the university.
125-129
33
12
STUDYING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE DRUG MATRIN BIO 0.5% V.R. IN THE FIGHT AGAINST ONION FLY AND THRIPS ON ONIONS
The dangerous pest Matrin Bio 0.5% w.r. proved to be an effective remedy in the fight against onion fly and thrips at a rate of 1.0-1.5 l/ha on onions. At the specified rate of consumption, the preparation Matrin Bio 0.5% w.r. does not have a toxic effect on the growth and development of plants.
130-134
21
5
DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL QUALITIES OF GIRLS' ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS THROUGH CHOREOGRAPHIC EXERCISE
In this work, research was conducted on the importance of choreographic exercises in the development of physical qualities of young artistic gymnasts. Information is provided on the methods of developing motor skills using choreographic means.
135-138
22
6
FEATURES OF DEVELOPING THE PHYSICAL FITNESS OF YOUNG ARTISTIC GYMNASTS
In this work, a scientific study was conducted on the methodology for the development of physical fitness indicators of young artistic gymnasts. The effectiveness of the means and methods of developing the physical qualities of artistic gymnasts has been proven in practice.
139-142
64
14
INFLAMMATION AS A CENTRAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISM IN HUMAN DISEASES
Inflammation is a fundamental biological response to harmful stimuli such as infection, tissue injury, and toxins. While acute inflammation serves as a protective mechanism, uncontrolled or chronic inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases including cardiovascular disorders, autoimmune conditions, cancer, and neurodegeneration. This paper explores the molecular and cellular mechanisms of inflammation, its dual role in health and disease, and its significance as a therapeutic target. Through a systematic review of experimental and clinical studies, the study highlights how dysregulated inflammatory pathways can transform a protective response into a driving force of chronic pathology.
143-146
33
5
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE: CHALLENGES AND THERAPEUTIC PERSPECTIVES
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the most serious global health threats of the 21st century, compromising the effectiveness of essential drugs and increasing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Clinical pharmacology plays a vital role in understanding the mechanisms, optimizing therapeutic regimens, and developing new strategies to counteract resistance. This paper examines the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles underlying antimicrobial therapy, highlights the clinical challenges posed by resistant pathogens, and explores future therapeutic perspectives. The study underscores the importance of individualized therapy, stewardship programs, and novel drug discovery in mitigating the global burden of AMR.
150-154
31
12
CAUSES OF DELAYED DIAGNOSIS OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN CHILDREN AND ITS CLINICAL CONSEQUENCES
Objective: To identify the primary causes of delayed diagnosis of bronchial asthma in children and to assess the impact of this delay on the clinical course and outcomes of the disease. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted by analyzing 450 medical records of children (aged 6-16) with a confirmed diagnosis of asthma, who were followed at a specialized pediatric center. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (Early Diagnosis, n=210), diagnosed within 12 months of symptom onset, and Group 2 (Late Diagnosis, n=240), diagnosed more than 24 months after symptom onset. Data on initial misdiagnoses and clinical outcomes (frequency of exacerbations, number of hospitalizations, need for oral corticosteroids (OCS), and pulmonary function (FEV1%)) were collected and compared. Results: The average diagnostic delay in Group 2 was 3.8 ± 1.5 years. The most common misdiagnosis preceding the correct asthma diagnosis was "recurrent obstructive bronchitis" (71% of cases in Group 2). Children in the Late Diagnosis group had significantly worse clinical outcomes: a higher annual rate of severe exacerbations (2.1 ± 0.8 vs. 0.5 ± 0.4 in Group 1; p<0.001), more frequent hospitalizations (1.5 ± 0.6 vs. 0.2 ± 0.1 per year; p<0.001), a greater need for OCS courses (3.2 ± 1.1 vs. 0.8 ± 0.5 per year; p<0.001), and lower FEV1% predicted values at the time of diagnosis (75% ± 8% vs. 89% ± 6%; p<0.001). Conclusion: Delayed diagnosis of bronchial asthma in children leads to a more severe clinical course, characterized by frequent exacerbations, increased hospitalizations, and poorer lung function. The primary reason for the delay is the misinterpretation of asthma symptoms as recurrent respiratory infections. Improving the knowledge of primary care physicians on modern asthma guidelines and raising parental awareness are crucial steps to ensure timely diagnosis and prevent adverse long-term outcomes.
155-157
31
8
PRODUCT QUALITY CONTROL
Enterprise reporting is expressed through the results of work performed within a certain period. Enterprise reports are prepared based on information collected relying on operational, statistical, and accounting report values.
