International Relations

So‘nggi yillarda Yangi O‘zbekistonda amalga oshirilgan tub islohotlar natijasida xalqimizga azal-azaldan xos bo‘lgan do‘stlik va bag‘rikenglik kabi ezgu qadriyatlar asosida millatlararo munosabatlar yangi bosqichga ko‘tarilib, Markaziy Osiyoda yaxshi qo‘shnichilik aloqalarini o‘rnatish orqali barcha masalalar bo‘yicha konstruktiv muloqot yo‘lga qo‘yildi.

Keng ko‘lamli islohotlar davomiyligini ta’minlash maqsadida ishlab chiqilgan “O‘zbekiston–2030” strategiyasida jamiyatda millatlararo totuvlik muhitini mustahkamlash va xorijiy mamlakatlar bilan do‘stlik aloqalarini rivojlantirish alohida ustuvor maqsad 38 sifatida belgilandi.

Сўнгги йилларда Янги Ўзбекистонда амалга оширилган туб ислоҳотлар натижасида халқимизга азал-азалдан хос бўлган дўстлик ва бағрикенглик каби эзгу қадриятлар асосида миллатлараро муносабатлар янгибосқичга кўтарилиб, Марказий Осиёда яхши қўшничилик алоқаларини ўрнатиш орқали барча масалалар бўйича конструктив мулоқот йўлга қўйилди.

Вступлением человечества в новую стадию развития цивилизации, которое обострило проблемы его выживания. Это связано с рядом глобальных проблем, порожденных современностью или унаследованных от прошлого. По своему характеру глобальные проблемы современности различны: от угрозы ядерной войны, экологической катастрофы и до различных эпидемии. От растущего раскола мира на «богатые» и «бедные» страны до перспективы истощения традиционных и необходимости поиска новых источников энергии.

В статье рассмотрены особенности развития смарт туризма в Узбекистане, а так же раскрыта роль маркетинга в сфере туризма, особенности маркетинговых услуг, турпродукта и предложены научные рекомендации по дальнейшему развитию этой сферы.

Земля Узбекистана исторически занимает важное место в развитии мусульманской цивилизации как один из центров исламской религии.
В целях обеспечения установленного Конституцией права граждан нашей страны на свободу совести и вероисповедания и координации деятельности религиозных организаций Указом Президента Республики Узбекистан от 7 марта 1992 года был создан уполномоченный орган государственного управления — Комитет по делам религий при Кабинете Министров Республики
Узбекистан.

Поправки, внесенные в Конституцию Республики Узбекистан в 2011 году, а также в соответствии с Законом Республики Узбекистан «О внесении изменений и дополнений в отдельные статьи Конституции
Республики Узбекистан (статьи 32, 78, 93, 98, 103 и 117)» в 2014 году, стали логическим продолжением процессов демократизации системы государственной власти, модернизации социально-экономической, общественнополитической системы страны.

Расположенный на перекрестке Великого Шелкового пути Узбекистан, со своим богатым культурно-историческим наследием служил надежным мостом, связывающим Европу, Ближний Восток, Южную и Восточную Азию. На этой земле родились и стали известны всему миру сотни великих ученых, внесших огромный вклад в развитие мировой науки, заложивших фундаментальные основы религиозных и светских
наук. На протяжении тысячелетий Узбекистан был пространством, где мирно сосуществовали представители самых разных национальностей и религий, обогащали друг друга мировая цивилизация и культуры разных народов.
Такие истинные человеческие ценности, как гостеприимство, гуманизм, миролюбие, толерантность по отношению к представителям других национальностей и религий, стали неотъемлемой частью образа жизни нашего народа.

Yaqin Sharq allaqachon ilm-fan va tarixda yaxshi tanilgan tushuncha. O‘rta asrlarda va zamonaviy davrda Evropaga yaqin bo‘lgan Sharq hozirgi davr bilan taqqoslaganda bir xil mintaqani bildiradi. Shu bilan birga, o‘zgaruvchan atrof muhit, mintaqadagi va dunyodagi vaziyat, shuningdek, ilm fan rivoji mintaqa chegaralari va hatto uning belgilanishi bilan bog‘liq kelishmovchiliklarni oldindan belgilab qo‘ydi.

This article focuses on the pedagogical and psychological aspects of distance learning. Students receive and process media culture

Subject of research: information and communication technologies sector of the People’s Republic of China.
Purpose of research: develop scientifically grounded proposals and recommendations directed to ensure the steady growth of the ICT sector in the Republic of Uzbekistan on the basis of research and generalization of the China’s experience in the given sector.
Methods of research: analytical, historical, systematic, correlation-regression methods, scientific abstraction, comparative and SWOT analysis.
The results obtained and their novelty: author’s classification of ICT sector components was proposed; factors influencing ICT sector development were identified and systematized; complex approach was applied to the analysis of tendencies in ICT sector development of the world economy; author’s approach was introduced to the analysis of main stages of the PRC’s innovation policy in the context of ICT development; production and export potentials of China’s ICT sector were evaluated; dependence of China’s GDP growth on the expenditures on ICT was justified; possibilities of implementation of positive experience of China’s ICT sector development were detected in order to increase the potential of the same sector in Uzbekistan; proposals aimed at strengthening of cooperation in ICT sphere between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the People’s Republic of China were composed.
Practical value: research findings can be used empirically in different ministries and agencies of Uzbekistan such as the Coordination Council for Development of Computerization and ICT, the Communication and Information Agency, the Ministry of Economy, the Ministry for Foreign Economic Relations, Investments and Trade, the Association of Information Technology Companies and Organizations and other governmental and nongovernmental bodies involved in policy elaboration and implementation in the spheres of ICT development.
Degree of embed and economic efficiency: major research findings are accepted for practical use in the activities of the General Representation of Commerce of the Republic of Uzbekistan in China, the representative offices of the ICT-specialized Chinese transnational corporations in Uzbekistan: Huawei, ZTE, and being used in the teaching process at Tashkent State Institute of Oriental Studies.
Field of application: research results can be used by government bodies in strategy determination and elaboration of ICT sphere development, in making organization-based managerial decisions, in scientific research activity and teaching process.

As worldwide temperatures continue to increment and the measure of Co2 comparable stuff in the air is at record level, the critical connections between Gross domestic product development, energy utilization extension and ozone depleting substances emanation increments should be more explored, albeit monetary development and biological capital has been abundantly discussed: Can they today be joined to give both success and ecological maintainability? On the miniature level, many undertakings show that this is for sure conceivable. In any case, on the full scale level, worldwide outflows of ozone depleting substances follow the headway of country abundance intently. The connection is the continually expanding need for more energy, given by petroleum derivatives. The G20 arrangements are presumably impending past the point where it is possible to keep away from debacles.

The withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan in 2021 has not diminished the region’s importance in U.S. foreign policy, as indicated in the Biden-Harris National Security Strategy 2022. The U.S. aims to balance ongoing counterterrorism efforts against Al-Qaeda and Islamic State- Khorasan cells with pragmatic diplomacy, including potential engagement with the Taliban government. American policy towards Afghanistan will prioritize maintaining dominance in the face of emerging powers like Russia and China, while shaping major regional developments. Central Asian countries, particularly Uzbekistan, are emerging as crucial intermediaries for the United States in its nuanced approach towards Afghanistan. This approach involves tactical engagement to address immediate security concerns, alongside diplomatic isolationism to pressure the Taliban into making concessions regarding human rights and inclusive governance. The role of Uzbekistan has gained strategic significance for the United States due to its geographical proximity, shared values and traditions, and historical involvement in the region. Uzbekistan’s perspective prioritizes indirect engagement and regional partnerships to advance U.S. interests in the region, while incorporating Afghanistan into the regional framework.

The consequences and reasons of the activities of private employment agencies in regulation of migration in the context of demographic, environmental, social and general legal approaches in society are studied in this article. Migrants who left Uzbekistan to work abroad for twenty-five years, their geography and its main reasons are analyzed. In the last two years, permission for private employment agencies in Uzbekistan to carry out their activities, their activity of sending migrants abroad has been based on insufficient legal and economic protection of migrants. At the same time, various specialists, skilled workers and simply passionate people (creators of their own destiny) left their homeland for political or economic reasons. Some of them leave to earn money temporarily and some leave to live in a new place. As a result, these individuals tried to find their place in another society. The activities of private employment agencies and the reasons for emigration from Uzbekistan show that only through concrete economic and legal measures Uzbekistan can protect its citizens from human trafficking and fraud.

In this аrticle, the аsрirаtiоns оf the cоuntries оf the Centrаl Аsiаn regiоn tо the рrоcesses оf integrаtiоn in the regiоn in the 90s оf the 20th century аre histоricаlly аnаlyzed, аnd the influencing аsрects оf the integrаtiоn рrоcesses аre studied by geороliticаl, ecоnоmic, sоciаl аnd culturаl fаctоrs. In аdditiоn, in the 90s оf the 20th century, the fоrmаtiоn оf geороliticаl interests оf cоuntries such аs Turkey, Irаn, the Рeорle's Reрublic оf Chinа, the United Stаtes аnd the Russiаn Federаtiоn аnd the relаtiоns оf the Centrаl Аsiаn cоuntries with these cоuntries were reveаled.

This article describes the role of the US ideology of neoconservatism in the system of international relations, approaches to
national interests, the methodological basis of modern neoconservative theories

In this article the essence and relationship between concepts national interest and the international relations in the conditions of
globalization in public life is investigated. It is considered that the foundations of any international relation make national interests , their
content and its socio-political role

Subjects of research: trade and economic relations between Republic of Korea and Republic of Uzbekistan.
Purpose of research: analyses of the status and potential of the Uzbek- South Korean trade and economic cooperation.
Methods of research: analyses and synthesis, the method of comparison groups, generalization, comparison, economic and statistical analyses.
The results obtained and their novelty: situation, the conclusions and recommendations can be used in the design and implementation documents, projects aimed at improving mutual Korean - Uzbek cooperation.
Practical value: the author suggests can be used in determining the development strategy of the complex relations between Uzbekistan and South Korea.
Degree of embed and economic cffccicncy is defined using the materials and results in teaching in academic disciplines, “World Economy”, “Economy of the Republic of Korea”, “External Economic Relations Republic of Korea” for the bachelor’s and master’s degree specialization of “Korean Studies”.
Field of application: sphere of trade and economic cooperation between the Republic of Korea and the Republic of Uzbekistan.

This subject analyses the framework of international law that regulates the flow of people across international borders as regular or irregular migrants. It also equips students to understand the human rights of migrants who live or work in countries outside the state of their nationality.

The most important tasks in the field of economic development are attracting foreign investments into the economy of our country, creating favourable conditions for them, providing legal protection and further improving the investment climate. The article analyzes the basic concepts of the international financial centre and its brief history, the views of several scholars from different countries on international financial centres and their types. Prospects for the establishment of international financial centres in Uzbekistan were also studied. This was demonstrated as a result of the analysis of the legal, financial and other possibilities of establishing an international financial centre based on common law in Uzbekistan.

Subjects of research: The activity of Shanghai Cooperation Organization in the system of international relations in South and Central Asia.
Purpose of work: complex analysis of the problems of SCO and its development prospects in the system of modem international relations in South and Central Asia within a framework of the national interests of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Methods of research: systems analysis, analysis and synthesis, observation, comparison, generalization, analogy, systematization, classification, induction and deduction.
The results obtained and their novelty: for the first time, the main interests of South and Central Asia countries arc revealed on the base comparative analysis within a framework of SCO; the activity of SCO was analyzed in the frame of Western experts; the dynamics of the development of RATS SCO was analyzed in interaction of special services and justice in struggle with international terrorism, extremism and separatism. On the base taken research results arc formed recommendations, carrying applied character, which can be used in the process of making out foreign political decisions of Uzbekistan on regional security problems in Central Asia.
Practical value: the results of research may be used in the carrying out analytical documents of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Institute of Strategic and Interregional Studies under the President of Uzbekistan.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the research outcomes have been published by the author in the course of lectures form “Central Asia security problems”, in analytical review "Analysis of regional organizations in the context of regional security in Central Asia".
Field of application: The activities of the national agencies and international organizations concerned with foreign policy and security issues, as well as in the educational process of higher education, specializing in political sciences, international relations and geopolitics.

The article deals with such issues as the development public relations between Uzbekistan and Turkey, joint historical development of the two countries, geopolitical position, prospects e entering a new format of communication

O'zbekistonning ayni damda mahalliy va xalqaro maydonda olib borayotgan siyosati xorijiy davlatlar, xususan Yevropa Ittifoqi bilan erkin iqtisodiy munosabatlarga imkoniyat yaratayabti. Mazkur maqolaning maqsadi O'zbekiston Respublikasi mustaqillikka erishgandan so'ng Yevropa Ittifoqi davlatlari bilan olib birgan integratsiyalashuv jarayonini tahlil qilish hamda ikki davlat o'rtasida yo'lga qo'yilishi nazarda tutilgan istiqbolli g'oyalarni o'rganishdan iborat. Maqolaning ilmiy va amaliy dolzarbligi Yevropa Ittifoqining 0‘zbekiston milliy iqtisodiyotini internalizatsiyalashda tutgan o'rnini o'rganishdan iborat. Unda tarixiy, qiyosiy, event-tahlil va induksiya ilmiy metodlaridan foydalanilgan. 1991- yilda qabul qilingan “Sheriklik va hamkorlik to'g'risidagi shartnoma” o'zaro iqtisodiy aloqalarga yo'l ochgan bo'lib.munosabatlarning keying davrida Yevropa Ittifoqining O'zbekistonni markazlashtirilgan Sovet uslubidagi iqtisodiy tuzilishidan bozor iqtisodiyotiga o'tishiga, O'zbekistonni 9-benefitisar davlat deb qabul qilin, u eksport qilgan tovarlarga imtiyozli bojlarni joriy qilishga va inson kapitalini mustahkamlashga qaratilagan loyihalarni amalga oshirishga sababchi bo'ldi. Maqolaning ilmiy ahamiyati unda zamonaviy xalqaro munosabatlarda Yevropa Ittifoqi-O'zbekiston Respublikasi bo'yicha eng yangi bilimlar tahlil qilinganidan iborat. U soha mutahasisslari va ilmiy izlanuvchilar uchun foydali bo'lishi mumkin.

The article provides information on the reforms carried out in healthcare sector of Uzbekistan within the framework of mutual cooperation with the state of Turkey. In particular, the decrees and decisions adopted in order to further develop this area were analyzed

Subjects of research: particularities of the strategy of China’s export policy and modem tendencies observed.
Purpose of work: research modern tendencies and particularities of the strategy of China’s export policy, develop the ways of implementation of its positive experience in conditions of Uzbekistan, and find the possibilities through which trade relations between the two countries could develop in sustainable and mutually beneficial manner.
Methods of research: comparative analysis, scientific abstraction, systematic approach, empirical analysis, correlation-regression analysis, scenario approach etc.
The results obtained and their novelty: author’s definition to the term “strategy of export policy” was given; upon classifying main factors boosting the exports from China, the product structure and geographical destinations of Chinese exports were analyzed in retrospective and main tendencies were identified; main trends in Uzbekistan-China trade relations were detected; new directions for the improvement of Uzbekistan’s strategy of export policy were worked out; through enhancement of export potential, improvement of its strategy, boosting of integration processes, main directions of development of processing trade activities in local conditions extracted from Chinese experience were identified; a comparative analysis of export policy performance of Uzbekistan and China in conditions of ongoing world financial-economic crisis was done.
Practical value: the research results and recommendations can be used in undertaking structural reforms in export-oriented sectors of national economy, in working out appropriate economic programs and projects by government bodies, in educational aims.
Degree of embed and economic efficiency: major scientific results are used by the Representative office of FC “Uzbek-Chinese Trading House” and in the teaching process at the University of World Economy and Diplomacy.
Field of application: in enhancement of export policy effectiveness, improving its strategy, in scientific research work and methodological syllabuses.

Mazkur maqola O'zbekistonning Markaziy Osiyoda muhim geosiyosiy kuch sifatida namoyon bo'lishi va Xitoy bilan hamda Yevropa Ittifoqi (YI) bilan amalga oshirilgan yangi hamkorlik dasturlari, shartnomalari va kelishuvlarining tahliliga bag'ishlanadi. Xitoy va Yevropa Ittifoqi bilan 2023-2025-yillarda imzolangan shartnomalar, O'zbekistonning iqtisodiy, siyosiy va madaniy sohalarda qanday yangi imkoniyatlarga ega bo'lishiga yordam beradi. Ushbu maqolada, O'zbekistonning rivojlanishiga ta’sir ko'rsatuvchi yangi hamkorlik dasturlari va shartnomalarining tahlili bilan birga, kelajakdagi hamkorlik istiqbollari, imkoniyatlar va takliflar keltiriladi. Shuningdek, O'zbekistonning Markaziy Osiyo hududida kuchli davlat sifatida namoyon bo'lishi uchun zarur bo'lgan yo'llar tahlil etiladi.