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TECHNOLOGY OF FORMING MOVEMENT SKILLS IN
SCHOOLCHILDREN
Kholova Shakhnoza Mardonovna
Uzbekistan-Finland Pedagogical Institute, Faculty of Pedagogy and
Physical Culture, Teacher of the Department of Physical Culture and Sports
Nomozboyeva Rukhshona
Uzbekistan-Finland Pedagogical Institute, Faculty of Pedagogy and Physical
Culture, 3rd year student of the Physical Education in Preschool
and Primary Education
Annotation
This article covers effective technologies for forming movement skills in
preschool children. The physical condition of children in movement, types of motor
movements appropriate to the program age, methods of controlling movement activity
through game analysis, movement changes and didactic analysis are studied and
analyzed.
Keywords:
Preschool education, movement skills, child development, movement
activity, skill formation, preschool children, physical development, pedagogical
technology, cognitive development.
To strengthen the health of the child, to strengthen their div parts, to develop
basic types of movement, to create conditions for the development of movements that
keep children active and prevent fatigue. To develop small muscles of the fingers, to
develop some skills of walking and movement. Crawling. To crawl to the required
distance, under the seat and the hoop, to climb and descend a 1 m. long staircase with
the help of adults.
Walking. To walk without support in a straight direction on a board lying on the
ground, on a sidewalk, on an inclined (10-15 cm high) board, to climb and descend a
level 10 cm high. To be able to walk on the floor, on the ground or on a rope, beam or
board located at a height of 5-10 cm. Running. To run in the right direction.
Development of sensorimotor skills. Rolling a ball down a small hill, throwing it
forward and up. Holding a pencil or crayon, drawing lines with them (squishy). Fine
motor skills. Building towers of 3 or more parts, putting small objects and toys in bags
and boxes and taking them out. Cultural and hygienic skills.
Self-service, washing hands, having a positive attitude towards bathing, drinking
tea from a cup, washing and wiping face and hands independently. By the end of the
year, the child. Crawls, walks, maintains balance, runs, the child develops gross,
sensorimotor and fine motor skills, and self-service skills.
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When drawing up a physical development agenda in a preschool educational
institution, a differentiated approach is used to organize meals, warm-ups, physical
exercises and games. This takes into account the specific age characteristics of
children.
The educator is guided by the requirements of the physical education program in
the preschool educational institution. At the same time, in agreement with the educator,
doctor, nurse, the correct physical education of children in the family is promoted.
The educator must be well versed in the methods of organizing morning physical
education, physical exercises, games, and health days. Cooperation with the group
educator and music director in physical education activities is of great importance.
When checking the physical fitness of children and organizing classes, cleanliness,
hygiene requirements and safety rules are strictly observed.
Classes are held outdoors, as well as in a specially equipped gym. The main goal
of physical education of children during preschool education is to form various skills
and abilities in children, to develop physical qualities such as strength, endurance,
agility, and agility. Regular physical activity has a positive effect on children's growth
and development, increasing their creative potential.
The program defines the tasks of physical education of preschool children as
follows: - strengthening and strengthening health; - making them physically strong; -
cultivating the moral and creative qualities of the personality; - creating conditions for
activating purposeful movements in children; - forming important life types of
movements, walking, running, jumping, crawling, crawling, throwing, catching,
swimming, riding a bicycle, developing leg, arm, div, head movements, lining up and
re-lining; - expanding and deepening game movements, developing physical qualities:
agility, dexterity, intelligence, willpower, patience, strength, and improving the ability
to stand on an equal footing with others; - influencing the correct formation of the
child's physique and helping to prevent flatfoot; - providing sufficient knowledge and
understanding of the benefits of physical exercises and games, basic hygienic
requirements and rules; - fostering interest in active movement. The physical education
program includes a daily routine for each group. There are various types of exercises
for children to regularly perform the main content of physical education.
These include basic movements (walking, running, jumping, throwing, catching,
crawling, sliding); general developmental exercises for the legs and div (with and
without various objects), dance exercises, line-up and re-line-up, movement games,
mastering the important features of various sports games, sports exercises, roller
skating, cycling, swimming, etc. It is extremely important to educate children in the
spirit of the greatest traditions of our people. The Uzbek people, like other peoples,
have their own ancient traditional games.
They have been formed and refined over the centuries and have survived to this
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day. The program also includes such Uzbek national games as modern movement
games. At the same time, the program also recommends special exercises that develop
movement skills, shape the div correctly, and prevent flat feet. Proper planning and
implementation of physical education work is extremely important for its effective
implementation.
Combining various types of classes with physical exercises and active games
throughout the day helps to ensure the correct movement of the child. Physical fitness
activities, the recommended program material for classes, are the basis for independent
exercises and games. The basis of the educational task is that in physical education
classes, educational and fitness tasks are carried out through the development of
physical qualities, improving the working capacity of the child's div, and increasing
cognitive abilities.
The effectiveness of physical exercises will increase only if the classes are
organized correctly, their interesting and instructive aspects are increased, and attention
is paid to the timely rest of children. The most important thing in classes is the correct
distribution of exercises and games. In this case, it is necessary to distinguish the main
task of the class, taking into account the goal set by its content, and to comprehensively
influence certain parts of the child's div.
In particular, it is important to link different exercises together in order to increase
the effectiveness of the training. When planning a training session, the order and
repetition of movements, the correct distribution of tasks, and the most accurate and
rational methods of organizing children are taken into account. This should be
achieved, first of all, by ensuring sufficient movement activity and intensity of training.
When planning training sessions, the conditions of the group and the availability
of equipment necessary for training are taken into account. The content of outdoor
training is selected in accordance with the seasons and weather.
The methods of planning and conducting training sessions are different, ranging
from basic movement and game exercises, training in one form to various types, i.e.,
movement games, folk games, relay races, and training sessions held in the open air.
It is important to coordinate morning physical education, physical exercises and
games on walks with the educational material of the classes. Taking into account the
motor activity of children at different times of the day, and accordingly, various
methods of exercises that develop motor qualities are recommended to improve motor
skills and abilities. Independent activity of children takes place under the direct
supervision of the educator. He tries to ensure that each child freely chooses games and
exercises.
The educator helps children develop organizational skills by selecting appropriate
equipment for motor activity. The educator pays special attention to the sequence and
continuity of the physical education process (carried out in a preschool educational
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institution and in the family).
When planning this work, he takes into account the child's individual
characteristics, development, health, physical growth, interests, and abilities.
The physical education program defines daily activities in each group. Helping
the child develop movement, ensuring that the child gets used to the environment, and
teaching him to maintain an upright posture. Helping children control their movement
activity in independent games and creating conditions for it. Creating a need for playing
active games.
Teaching children to understand movement, imitate the teacher's instructions, and
move together, comparing their movements with the movements of others. Changing
the direction of movement, tying the nature of movement to a signal when walking and
running. Teaching children to jump, jump far from their place, and land on soft ground
with two feet. Teaching children to crawl, climb, and move with the ball.
When performing these exercises, pay attention to the correct posture of children
and strengthen their heels. To instill in children a positive emotional attitude towards
physical education classes, as well as morning gymnastics. Active participation in
game exercises, active games organized by the educator. To teach to increase motor
activity in games organized independently from prepared objects and toys. Exercises
for basic movements
Walking exercises. Walking in groups in a designated direction following the
educator, changing direction, passing objects, walking in a circle in pairs, holding
hands. Transition from walking to running, from running to walking. Walking with
steps forward and sideways. Exercises for running. Running after the educator,
avoiding him, running in all directions without pushing each other. Catching up with a
rolling object, running between two lines without touching them, running without
stopping for 30-40 seconds. Running slowly up to 80 meters.
Jumping exercises. Jumping on two legs in place, slowly moving forward, trying
to touch an object hanging above the child's hand. Jumping from a line or a rope (20-
25 cm wide) thrown in two rows parallel to the floor.
Jumping on two legs in place as far as possible, jumping from an object 20-30 cm
high. Rolling, throwing and catching exercises. Collecting objects, putting them in a
certain place. Rolling the ball with one hand and both hands, facing the educator, tilting
and facing each other. Throw the ball forward with both hands from below, in front of
the chest, over the head.
Throw the ball to the educator with both hands, try to catch the ball thrown by the
educator at a distance of 50-100 cm. Throw the ball from a ribbon stretched at the
child's chest. Throw objects (balls, sandbags, etc.) at a horizontal target (at a distance
of 100-120 cm) with both hands, right and left hands; throw lengthwise with the left
hand to the right.
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Exercises for crawling and climbing. Crawling 3-4 m., passing under a 25-30 cm.
barrier, jumping over it while lying on the floor. Climbing up and down a rope ladder,
a gymnastic wall in a way convenient for the child.
Balance exercises. Walking straight, snake-like on the sidewalk, walking straight,
snake-like, in a circle on a rope thrown along a board raised from the floor on one side,
on a gymnastic bench. Crawling on a smooth board, on a gymnastic bench. Jumping
over obstacles 10-15 cm high: from ring to ring, from box to box, climbing onto a stool
(25 cm high), onto a seat, standing with arms outstretched to the sides. Rising on tiptoe
and returning to the starting position. Slowly turning in place. General developmental
exercises.
Exercises for the muscles of the arms and shoulders, raising the arms up, bending
and stretching them up and to the side, crossing them in front of the chest and extending
them to the side, hiding the arms behind the back, clapping, clapping over the head,
waving the arms forward and backward (arms down), up and down (arms at the sides),
waving the arms over the head and forward. Also, performing exercises in different
positions with various objects (bells, cubes, ribbons, handkerchiefs).
Exercises for the legs. Walking in place, taking steps forward, sideways, and
backward. Rising on tiptoe, standing with the foot forward and heel down, moving the
toes. Exercises that develop the div. Turning to the right and left, passing the object
to a child standing next to the child with a light wave of the arms. Bending forward and
in different directions. Bending the legs and writing while sitting on the floor. Raising
and lowering the legs while lying on the back, moving the arms and legs together at
the same time.
Sitting on the knees, sitting on the heels and standing. Raising the arms and legs
while lying on the stomach, rolling over from side to side. Line up and re-line up. With
the help of the educator, line up in groups and the whole group in a circle, line up in
pairs, standing one after another.
Movement games and game exercises Walking and running games: “Visiting the
dolls”, “From the corridor”, “Who is slow”, “Fly with a stick”, “Catch me”, “Sparrows
and a car”, “Train”, “Airplanes”, “Balloon”, “Sun and rain”, “Bring the item”, “Birds
are flying”. Crawling games: “Crawl to the pebble”, “Throw it into the goal”, “Don’t
step on the line”, “Be careful”, “Monkeys”. Ball throwing and catching games: “Throw
the ball into the middle”, “Hook the ball”, “Throw it into the goal”, “Take a good aim”.
Jumping games: “My cheerful ball”, “The white rabbit is sitting”, “The birds are
flying”, “Jump across the ditch”. Targeting games in an open area: “Where is the bell
ringing”, “Find the flag” Games played with different movements and songs: walking
and running without disturbing each other; jumping on two feet in place and jumping
forward, catching, holding, carrying the ball from one place to another, putting it in
place, rolling, throwing, crawling, crawling under a tight rope, jumping over a crossbar
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lying on the ground.
Strengthening and improving health. Morning physical education. Do physical
education every morning, performing movements according to the model. Do physical
education outdoors, in light clothing. Complete morning physical education exercises
with water procedures (with the support of adults).
Exercise. Spend as much time outdoors as possible in the summer. Swim in a
small open water div (pool) under adult supervision (observing hygiene
requirements). Maintain proper posture.
Regular physical exercise under adult supervision. Form a correct posture, form
muscle groups that prevent flatulence. Motivational routine. Participate in daily walks.
Try to actively participate in active games with toys and physical exercises with sports
equipment.
References:
1. Regulation "On Preschool Education" in the Republic of Uzbekistan. T.: 2000.
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matbaa konserni. 2001.
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Bolalar va o‘smirlar sporti mashg‘ulotlari nazariyasi va uslubiyati. T., «ILM ZIYO».
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4. “Maktabgacha ta’lim muassasalarida jismoniy tarbiya” Tuzuvchi-mualliflar:
T.S.Usmonxo‘jayev, S.T.Islomova. T.: “Ilm Ziyo” nash. 2006.
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