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UDK: 615.33:591.1
IMPACT OF PROBIOTIC PREPARATIONS ON THE BODY
(A Review of Literature Data)
Sattorov J.M.
Assistant Lecturer at Samarkand state university of
veterinary medicine, livestock and biotechnologies
Safarov Kh.A.
Senior Researcher at the Scientific Research
Institute of Veterinary, PhD in Veterinary Sciences
Annotatsiya.
Ushbu maqola probiotiklarning organizmga ta’siri, immunitet
shakllanishidagi roli, normal mikroflorani stimulyatsiya qilishi, ovqat hazm qilishdagi
ahamiyati va ekologik jihatdan xavfsizligi haqidagi adabiyot manbalariga asoslangan.
Аннотaция.
Данная статья основана на литературных источниках, в
которых представлена информaция о воздействии пробиотиков на организм,
роли пробиотиков в формировании иммунитета, стимуляции нормальной
микрофлоры, а также их роли в переваривании пищи, об их экологичности.
Keywords:
probiotic, antibiotic, microflora, immunity, safety
Relevance of the Topic.
One of the leading problems in veterinary medicine is
the poor quality, composition, and nutritional value of animal feed. In some cases, the
presence of toxic plants, pathogenic microorganisms, or coarse feed components
negatively affects the gastrointestinal tract, weakens the div's resistance, and leads to
various intestinal diseases. In veterinary practice, different types of antibiotics are used
to treat intestinal infections. However, some potent antibiotics not only target
pathogenic microorganisms but also harm the beneficial microflora of the organism.
Disruption of the normal microflora increases the likelihood of other types of intestinal
diseases. In such situations, the use of probiotics proves to be an effective solution.
About Probiotics.
The idea of restoring health through the use of probiotics was
introduced by the Russian scientist, embryologist, immunologist, bacteriologist, and
Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine, Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (1845–1916),
who proposed that probiotics are live microorganisms that improve the composition of
intestinal microflora. According to modern concepts, probiotics are live
microorganisms that, when administered to humans or animals, have a beneficial effect
on the host’s physiological, biochemical, and immune responses by optimizing the
composition of the beneficial intestinal microflora [4].
Probiotics exist in symbiosis with gastrointestinal microorganisms and produce
enzymes that enhance the digestion and absorption of nutrients. As a result, they
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contribute to improved animal productivity and simultaneously strengthen immune
status against infectious diseases [1,8].
Today, in practical animal production, it is crucial not only to increase animal
productivity and resistance and accelerate daily weight gain, but also to produce high-
quality meat products that are safe for human health. To achieve this, various
biologically active substances are widely used in the field of meat production around
the world [5,2].
Probiotics not only help normalize the qualitative and quantitative composition
of the intestinal microflora after the use of antibacterial agents, but in many cases, they
may also serve as the only effective method for the treatment, prevention, and
productivity enhancement of farm animals [3,7].
Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate
amounts, can have a positive effect on the health of the organism [1,9].
The effect of Bacillus subtilis probiotic on enhancing specific and
nonspecific immunity.
B. subtilis produces ribosomally synthesized peptides, non-
ribosomally synthesized peptides, and non-peptide substances that have a broad
antimicrobial effect against a wide range of microbes, including Gram-positive and
Gram-negative bacteria, viruses, and fungi [4].
B. subtilis bacteria is one of the most promising probiotics studied in recent
decades. B. subtilis enhances protection against pathogens in the intestinal and
respiratory systems by stimulating both nonspecific and specific immunity.
Nonspecific immunity is defined as a defense system that acts equally against a variety
of microorganisms. Specific immunity operates on the “lock and key” principle,
producing particular cells or antibodies for a certain pathogen. Generally, nonspecific
immunity is considered the first line of defense, while the div's defense system
represents the second line [9].
The mechanisms by which B. subtilis activates macrophages are still being
studied. One study showed that probiotic exopolysaccharides are responsible for this
effect. Another important component of nonspecific immunity is the barrier function
of the epithelium [1].
Stimulation of the growth of normal intestinal microflora.
Normal microflora
occupies various parts of the intestinal tract, starting from the oral cavity and ending in
the large intestine. There are approximately 10 types of such bacteria in the human
div, which outnumber the div’s own cells by tenfold. The overall metabolic activity
of these bacteria exceeds that of the div's cells.
Its probiotic mechanisms include the synthesis of antimicrobial substances,
enhancement of nonspecific and specific immunity, stimulation of the growth of
normal intestinal microflora, and promotion of digestive enzyme secretion.
The main functions of the normal intestinal microflora are colonization and
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protection against the growth of pathogenic microbes, stimulation of nonspecific and
specific immunity, and digestion of food components. Clearly, these functions
correspond to the roles discussed in this review regarding the probiotic B. subtilis [1,6].
Enhancement of digestion and motility.
There are many diseases and
conditions that cause digestive disorders. Probiotics containing B. subtilis increase the
activity of enzymes involved in the digestive process. Studies have shown that these
bacteria synthesize all the enzyme groups necessary for successful food breakdown:
amylases, lipases, proteases, pectinases, and cellulases.
Some substances present in food can cause allergic reactions in sensitive
organisms. However, enzymes produced as a result of B. subtilis activity can degrade
these substances and reduce the allergenic potential of the food [1].
Safety.
The safety of B. subtilis has been tested in three main areas: the presence
of pathogenic genes, antibiotic resistance, and the accuracy of microbial identification.
According to experimental and clinical research data, the use of B. subtilis as a
preservative probiotic is advisable in several cases. First of all, these probiotics can be
used for intestinal infections, especially in cases of diarrhea, and for the prevention of
respiratory tract infections during cold seasons. Probiotics are beneficial in preventing
antibiotic-associated diarrhea when administered orally or parenterally. Probiotics
based on B. subtilis are characterized by high efficacy and safety [1].
Conclusion.
Probiotics are biologically beneficial; they help maintain the
normal state of the intestinal microflora, enhance the activity of enzymes involved in
digestion, participate in disease prevention as a prophylactic measure, improve the
effectiveness of the immune system, and contribute to obtaining environmentally clean
products.
References:
1.
Савустьяненко А.В. Механизмы действия пробиотиков на основе
Bacillus subtilis //Актуальная инфектология. – 2016. – №. 2 (11). – С. 35-44.
2.
Сафаров Х. А., Маматова З. Б. НЬЮКАСЛ КАСАЛЛИГИНИНГ
ПРОФИЛАКТИКАСИНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШДА ПРОБИОТИКНИНГ
АҲАМИЯТИ //Интернаука. – 2020. – №. 21-3. – С. 67-69.
3.
Степановна Р.В., Михайловна Т.Л. Примение пробиотиков в
птицеводстве //Птицеводство. – 2019.
4.
Тохтиев А. “Примение пробиотиков в птицеводстве”. Птицеводство.
2009.
5.
Феоктистова Н.В., Марданова А.М., Хадиева Г.Ф., Шарипова М.Р.,
Ученые записки казанского университета. Серия естественные науки. 2017.
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Хатамов Т., Умаров А., Усманов И. Чорвачилик ҳамда ветеринария
сохаларида иновatsiон технологияларии хорий килиш ва муаммолар. Республика
илмий-амалий конференция материаллари. 2019
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Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, (5528–5535), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of
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Nasimov, S., Mamatova, Z., Sattorov, J., Safarov, X., & Azimova, D. (2024).
Effect of the use of a probiotic Innoprovet on the growth parameters of broiler chickens
(Uzbekistan). In BIO Web of Conferences (Vol. 95, p. 01035). EDP Sciences.
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meat quality of broiler chickens and rabbits //FoodBalt 2023: 16th Baltic Conference
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