Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals
30
9
https://eipublication.com/index.php/jsshrf
TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
49-52
DOI
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
14 April 2025
ACCEPTED
10 May 2025
PUBLISHED
17 June 2025
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue06 2025
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Emergency Situations In
Modern Media
Elmuratova Rukhsora Talibzhonovna
Lecturer at the School of Translation Studies, Linguistics, and International
Journalism, Uzbekistan
Abstract:
In this article, observing the processes
occurring in the world media and the news
disseminated within the framework of political,
economic and social topics in the difficult conditions
that have developed in the modern world, current
problems associated with emergency situations are
identified. In particular, the increase in the number of
emergency situations associated with natural disasters,
man-made disasters, environmental problems has led
to an increase in the number of materials on the topic
of emergency situations in the media. On the issues of
covering emergency situations by the media in our
republic and securing it with regulatory legal acts.
Keywords:
State, society, political, emergency
situations, society, social, environmental, economic,
man-made.
Introduction:
Nowadays, the activities of mass media
are regulated by a number of international legal
documents adopted by the international community.
These include:
•
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,
•
the International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights [1],
•
the
International
Telecommunication
Convention and its Regulations [2],
•
the Geneva Convention on the Use of
Broadcasting for Peaceful Purposes [3], and
•
UNESCO’s Declaration on the Fundamental
Principles Concerning the Contribution of the Mass
Media to Strengthening Peace and International
Understanding, to the Promotion of Human Rights, and
to Countering Racism, Apartheid and Incitement to War
[4].
These and other documents outline the rights and
freedoms, responsibilities, and duties of the media.
For instance, Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of
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Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals
Human Rights states:
"Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and
expression; this right includes freedom to hold
opinions without interference and to seek, receive and
impart information and ideas through any media and
regardless of frontiers."
However, Article 29 of the same document
emphasizes:
"In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone
shall be subject only to such limitations as are
determined by law solely for the purpose of securing
due recognition and respect for the rights and
freedoms of others and of meeting the just
requirements of morality, public order and the general
welfare in a democratic society." [5]
Several criteria may justify such limitations: they must
be established by law; they must aim to ensure the
proper recognition and respect for others’ rights and
freedoms, and serve the legitimate interests of
morality, public order, and general welfare in a
democratic society [6].
After gaining independence, Uzbekistan laid the
foundation for ensuring the rights and freedoms of
mass media. The country ratified many international
legal standards concerning the media sector. Ensuring
the safety, rights, and inviolability of journalists in their
professional activity has become one of the key
objectives of state and society.
As a result of ongoing political and social reforms in
Uzbekistan, principles of openness, freedom of speech,
and access to information are being guaranteed.
Furthermore, steps have been taken to allow the
media to function as a genuine “fourth estate”. Based
on this, a series of legal and regulatory documents has
been adopted in Uzbekistan to protect media freedom.
In particular, Article 67 of Chapter XV of the
Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan states:
"Mass media is free and operates in accordance with
the law. It bears responsibility for the accuracy of the
disseminated information as established by law.
Censorship is not permitted." [7]
In line with the Constitution, the following laws were
enacted:
•
the Law on Mass Media of December 26, 1997
(updated on January 15, 2007) [8],
•
the Law on the Protection of Journalistic
Activity of April 24, 1997 [9],
•
the Law on Publishing Activity of November 26,
2021 [10], and
•
the Law on Establishing Press and Mass Media
Workers’ Day of September 3, 1993 [11].
Significant initiatives have also been undertaken to
liberalize and democratize media activities, and to
expand their role in deepening political, social, and
economic reforms. Examples include:
•
the Presidential Decree No. PF
–
3680 of
November 16, 2005, “On the Establishment of the Public
Fund for Support and Development of Independent
Print Media and News Agencies” [12],
•
the Presidential Resolution No. PQ
–
1672 of
December 30, 2011, “On Additio
nal Tax Benefits and
Privileges to Support the Development of Mass Media”
[13], and
•
the Presidential Resolution No. PQ
–
4366 of
June 27, 2019, “On Additional Measures to Ensure
Media Independence and to Develop Information
Services of State Bodies and Org
anizations” [14].
This resolution led to the creation of a new system.
Specifically, to ensure transparency in the activities of
state bodies and organizations, information services
were newly reorganized in line with modern standards
over the past year in many ministries and agencies, and
for the first time in 201 district and city hokimiyats (local
governments).
These services are organizing press conferences,
briefings, and media tours to provide reliable
information on social developments. They promptly
respond to current issues and events, regularly update
their websites, social media accounts, and messenger
channels.
In recent years, nearly 290 private and institutional
online publications with large audiences have been
established in Uzbekistan. These outlets publish key
official news and legal documents in Uzbek, Russian, and
English, among other content [15].
In order to implement the Development Strategy of
New Uzbekistan for 2022
–
2026, approved by
Presidential Decree No. PF-60 of the Republic of
Uzbekistan dated January 28, 2022, and to strengthen
the protection of the legitimate interests of the mass
media, comprehensively support their activities,
enhance the capacity and competitiveness of personnel,
and further develop the field of journalism, the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan adopted
Resolution No. PQ-
294 dated June 27, 2022, “On
Measures to Support the Mass Media and Develop the
Field of Journalism.”
When observing global media developments and the
dissemination of news, it becomes apparent that in
today’s complex global environment, urgent issues
related to emergencies (EEs) are emerging within
political, economic, and social domains. In particular,
the increasing number of natural disasters, man-made
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Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals
accidents, and environmental problems has led to a
rise in the amount of media coverage devoted to these
issues. In Uzbekistan, the legal and regulatory
framework provides a basis for media coverage of
emergencies.
For instance, according to Article 5 of the Law of the
Republic of Uzbekis
tan “On the Protection of the
Population and Territories from Natural and Man-
Made Emergencies” dated August 17, 2022:
“State power and administrative bodies, self
-
government institutions of citizens, as well as heads of
enterprises, institutions, and organizations must
ensure timely and reliable notification of the
population through mass media and other
communication channels about the current state of
protection against emergencies, the measures taken to
ensure safety, forecasts and facts regarding upcoming
and occurred emergencies, and methods and means of
protection. If officials withhold information, fail to
provide it in a timely manner, or knowingly
disseminate false information, they will be held
accountable in accordance with legal regulations.”
Fu
rthermore, in Clause 9 of Chapter 4 titled “Enhancing
Public Preparedness for Emergency Prevention and
Fire Safety, and Ensuring Active Participation” of the
Cabinet of Ministers Resolution No. 754 dated
September 9, 2019, “On Improving the Procedure for
Training the Population on Emergency Preparedness
and Civil Protection,” the following is specified:
“Information
-analytical and thematic television
programs shall be broadcast, roundtable discussions
shall be held on relevant topics, radio programs shall
b
e aired, and articles shall be published.”
This resolution outlines the tasks of the mass media in
forming and developing the knowledge and skills of the
population regarding emergency protection and civil
defense.
The Cabinet of Ministers Resolution No. 515 dated
August 26, 2020, “On Further Improving the
Emergency Situations Prevention and Response
System (FVDT) of the Republic of Uzbekistan,” defines
the following roles for the National Television and
Radio Company of Uzbekistan and the Agency for
Information and Mass Communications under the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the
functional substructure of FVDT for protecting the
population and territories:
•
Broadcasting information on emergency
threats and incidents through radio and television;
•
In cooperation with interested functional and
territorial substructures of the FVDT, organizing public
awareness campaigns regarding immediate actions to
take in emergency zones;
•
Broadcasting television and radio programs on
emergency protection issues by order of the Ministry for
Emergency Situations and regional substructures of
FVDT;
•
In collaboration with the Ministry of Health and
the Red Crescent Society of Uzbekistan, producing
specialized broadcasts to train the population in basic
mutual and self-help medical assistance.
Uzbekistan is rapidly integrating into the global
information space. Today, citizens have unlimited
access to information and data accumulated by the
international community. The quality of the information
we receive and use has a profound impact on our life
choices and socio-political activity.
Currently, reforms in the information environment are
aimed at defining the priorities of cooperation with the
press, improving economic mechanisms for media
oversight, eliminating closed information sources, and
reducing administrative pressure on editorial offices by
government authorities. In this context, the parliament
is taking steps to adopt a series of laws aimed at
ensuring the openness and transparency of executive
bodies, ongoing national reforms, and the domestic and
foreign policy of the state.
One such law is “On the Openness of Activities of State
Power and Management Bodies,” adopted on May 5,
2014. This law undoubtedly contributes to the
transparency and expansion of the national information
space, enriches Uzbekistan’s image in the global
information environment, and enhances the content,
form, and methods of national media output.
Over
the
past
twenty
years,
technological
advancements have greatly expanded the scope of the
media, information sources, and providers (libraries,
archives, the internet, etc.), giving citizens the
opportunity to access and exchange vast amounts of
data. As a result, citizens can now assess the reliability
of information and fully exercise their right to express
opinions freely.
Today, with the high level of development of
information
technologies
and
the
widespread
dissemination of information to all layers of society
through various channels (television, radio, press,
internet, etc.), the con
cept of “mass communication” is
being actively used alongside that of “mass media.” The
term “mass communication” has become central in
modern linguistic processes and represents a new
reality. It reflects the current model of the national
language, in which literary and non-literary domains
constantly interact.
Under such conditions, mass communication becomes a
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Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals
unique platform that enables the interaction of various
language tools. Because mass communication is
inherently absorptive and integrative, it encompasses
all linguistic means that convey socially significant
topics, narratives, and evaluative meanings.
Mass
communication
implies
not
only
the
dissemination
of
information
but
also
the
establishment of reciprocal communication between
information sources and their consumers, i.e.,
feedback-based information exchange. Citizens thus
have the opportunity not only to receive information
but also to express their opinions on political,
economic, social, and cultural developments in society,
significantly
influencing
the
formation
and
development of public opinion.
In conclusion, it can be stated that the rights and
freedoms of the mass media operating in our country
to report on emergency situations are currently
ensured by existing legal and regulatory documents.
However, it is important to emphasize that the rights
and
responsibilities
of
journalists
regarding
unrestricted access to emergency sites, the ability to
obtain information from relevant authorities, and the
conduct of journalistic investigations should be
reconsidered.
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