JSSHRF ISSN: 2748-9345
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ON THE STUDY OF THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE JIZZAKH VALLEY
Kahramon Almanov
Associate professor, Gulistan State University, 120100. Sirdarya Region, Gulistan City, 4th District,
Uzbekistan
AB O U T ART I CL E
Key words:
Jizzakh Valley, Ustrushana, ancient
history, archaeological excavations, historical
sources, local materials, research.
Received:
05.12.2024
Accepted
: 10.12.2024
Published
: 15.12.2024
Abstract:
This article is dedicated to the study of
the ancient history of the Jizzakh Valley. The
article discusses the methods used to study the
history
of
Ustrushana,
the
results
of
archaeological excavations, and the importance of
using local materials in the study of the valley's
history. The article emphasizes that the research
conducted in the Jizzakh Valley has revealed new
information about the history of Ustrushana.
INTRODUCTION
Jizzakh is a historical region that played an important role in Central Asia in ancient times. Its history is
rich and complex, it has been influenced by many cultures and peoples. Studying the history of
Ustrushona, which is directly connected with Jizzakh oasis and its ancient history, helps to understand
the history of Central Asia in a deeper way. The Jizzakh oasis is located in the northern part of
Ustrushona, and the historical significance of this area is great. In recent years, archaeological
excavations and historical research in the Jizzakh oasis have revealed new information about the
history of Ustrushona. This article is devoted to the analysis of the results of research conducted in the
Jizzakh oasis.
The ancient history of Jizzakh oasis has been thoroughly studied in recent times. As a result of the
research conducted in various archaeological sites located in the oasis, new information and ideas about
the long past history of Jizzakh are entering the scientific community today. Scientific researches that
familiarize us with the distant past of the historical Ustrushona state and its territories began in the
middle of the last century. To date, we have enough reasons to say that a school of philology has been
formed in the historiography of our country.
METHODS
In this article, the following methods were used to study the history of the Jizzakh oasis:
* Analysis of the study of the history of the oasis based on historical sources: written sources that
provide information about the history of the Jizzakh oasis, including the writings of Arab geographers,
ancient records and historical documents, and the scientific research conducted in the oasis based on
archaeological sources, are divided into several periods. done
VOLUME04 ISSUE12
https://doi.org/10.55640/jsshrf-04-12-08
Pages: 57-61
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* The contribution of a number of scientists to the scientific achievements achieved as a result of
archaeological excavations is shown.
Review of scientific literature: scientific literature written about the ancient Jizzakh oasis, especially the
history of Ustrushona, including F. Maksudov, A. Berdimurodov, M. Pardayev, A. Gritsina, A. Pardayev,
B. Toychiboyev, F. Toshboyev, JG'ofurov, Q. Almanov, F. Akchayev, O. Mamirov and other scientists'
researches were analyzed.
RESULTS
As a result of the analysis of archeological and written sources, the ancient history of the country was
studied, and as a result, it was determined that two traditional farms in the Jizzakh oasis: agriculture
and animal husbandry played an important role. The information obtained as a result of the researches
of F. Maksudov and F. Toshboev showed that the territory of the Jizzakh oasis was a special place for
nomadic herding peoples.
DISCUSSION
Studies have shown that it is very important to use local materials in studying the history of Ustrushona.
In recent years, the research conducted in the Jizzakh oasis has revealed a lot of new information about
the history of Ustrushona. Researchers who conducted research in the regions of Ustrushona located in
the Jizzakh oasis can be conditionally divided into certain groups.
The first group includes scientists who have completed their scientific work on the history of the oasis:
F. Maksudov, A. Berdimurodov, M. Pardayev, A. Gritsina, A. Pardayev, B. Toychiboyev, F. Toshboyev,
JG'ofurov, Q. Almanov , F. Akchayev, O. Mamirov and others can be included;
the second group includes researchers who have conducted or are conducting a number of studies on
the history of the oasis: K. Rakhimov, H. Khaidarov, Z. Holboyev, T. Salimov, T. Omonjulov, O'. Nosirov,
A. Bazarbayev, O'. Erbo'taeva, S. .Gudratov, U. Alibekov, J. Toshboyev, Sh. Pardayev, I. Jorayev, J.
Mamarajabov and others;
to the third group, local scientists who started researching the history of the oasis on the basis of
archaeological and written sources: Ya.Gulomov, A.Muhamadjonov, Y.Buryakov, M.Isomiddinov,
M.Ishakov, U.Alimov, A.Bilolov, S. Suyunov, E. Kadirov, U. Polatov, M. Aminjonova and others include;
to the fourth group, Russian and Western orientalists, local historians, historians and archaeologists P.
I. Lerkh, A. Kushakevich, NSLikoshin, V. V. Bartold, PS Kvarsky, LMS Verchkov , V. Tomashek, Y.
Marquardt, E. Shawann, H. Gibbning and others include;
the fifth group has studied and is studying the ethnic landscape of the oasis in one way or another: K.
Shoniyozov, B. Karmisheva, Kh. Doniyorov, A. Askarov, T. Salimov, F. Toshboyev, G'. Boboyorov, A.
Bababekov, A. Togayev, BOrokov, G. Orogli, P. Dosmamatov, S. Karaboyev, U. Alibekov and others can
be included.
Looking at the research conducted on the history of the Jizzakh oasis, the history of the oasis began to
be carried out as a result of extensive research after the independence of our country.
If we look at the information in the sources about the historical Ustrushona state existing in the Jizzakh
oasis, we can see that these areas were not called Ustrushona at first, and no settlement with this name
is found in the region. Based on the information about the location of Ustrushona country, the historical
geographical location of the country was determined, and it is located in the place of certain regions of
today's Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. According to the research on the historical place of the country,
among the sources, Chinese sources have a special place due to their accuracy.
The approximate coordinates of the Ustrushona region are indicated for the first time in Chinese
sources of the early Middle Ages. According to the chronicle of dynasties, the initial name of Ustrushona
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was different, such as "Shuaydushana", "Suduyshana", "Tszebutszyuyna", (Tszebudana), "Sudushana".
"History of the Tan Dynasty" (Tanshu) also mentions other names of Suduishana: Kabuyuyna, Southern
Tsao. In these sources, the history of Ustrushana is mentioned in relation to many important political
events, the Achaemenids' rule in Central Asia, and their heroic struggle against the Macedonian armies
[1].
According to the medieval historians, there were about 400 castles in the Ustrushona region. According
to the information of Arab geographers, the cities of Zomin, Jizzakh, Kharkana, Nushkent, Khavos are
located in the northwestern region of Ustrushan and played an important role in the political and
economic life of the region. The caravan routes passing through the north-western region of Usturshana
connected Samarkand, Kesh, Bukhara with Ferghana, as well as with China.
In the north-western region of Ustrushona, from the 20th century, a number of Russian scientists
became military topographers and lonely coastguards. In 1869, a group of topographers led
by G.A. Archaeological monuments are visited by various researchers, including members of the
Turkistan Archeological Amateurs Circle. MEMasson considers medieval Hovos to be the site of the
monument of Winkard, i.e. Nurota, the ruins of a Christian village [2].
Archaeological excavations in the Uzbek part of Ustrushana began in February 1943. In 1943-1944, as
a result of the excavations carried out by the Farhod expedition, the site of the ancient monument
Munchogtepa and the cemetery near Shirinsoy were studied. It was determined that this cemetery
belongs to the II-IV centuries AD. In the fall of 1948, the Uzbek-Zarafshan archaeological detachment
under the leadership of YG'.Gulomov investigated the location of a number of monuments in the village
of Davlat, located in the Sangzor district. As a result of the research, it was found that there was a
Buddhist temple dating back to the 1st-2nd centuries AD [3].
In 1973-1974, excavations were carried out in the ancient city of Uturlitepa, near the Zomin reservoir,
and in the cemetery of the Karakhanid era. In the 60s, V. A. Nilson carried out small works in the ancient
city of Nurota. In 1971, as a result of research conducted by NBNemtsova of the vicinity of Sovot, an
archaeological map of the area was developed. It is known that AIBilalov conducted special studies on
the history of Ustrushana irrigation. In 1977, the archeological detachment headed by M. Is'khakov
carried out search operations in the mountainous regions of the Zomin district [4]. Own. The Jizzakh
detachment of the FA Institute of Archeology under the leadership of U.Alimov conducted inspections
in Gallaorol and Bakhmal districts. During the years 1978-1984, A. Berdimuradov conducted
inspections in the Jizzakh oasis. About 60 monuments have been found in the area by archaeologists.
The stratigraphic structure and sections of several of them were defined [5].
Since 1985, the Sirdarya detachment of the FA Institute of Archeology of the Republic of Uzbekistan has
been working continuously in the region. This detachment was headed by AAGritsina. Syrdarya plays
an important role in determining the economy of the population of Ustrushona. In the region, two
traditional industries: agriculture and animal husbandry took an important place. The influence of
settlers on Ustrushona region was strong. Settlers, merchants and farmers were in close contact with
pastoral districts. Syrdarya region was part of Sugd since ancient times, inhabited by ancient farming
peoples and pastoralists, and later became the state called Ustrushona. A unique culture has emerged
here. Later, the castles began to grow and served as stopping points for caravan routes passing through
this place. An archaeological map of the country was prepared by AAGritsina. The result of these
researches of AAGritsina was reflected in his book "Arxeologicheskie pamyatniki Sordarinskoy
oblasti"[6].
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M. Pardayev's research conducted in recent years in today's Jizzakh oasis, which is the northern part of
Ustrushona, stands out. Archaeologist MHPardayev focused on the management of the Eftalites and the
Turkic Khaganate [7], while G. Boboyorov and Q. Almanov, who studied the history of the statehood of
the Western Turkish Khaganate, pointed out that the Khaganate and Ustrushona were governed by
several methods, such as a series of oases. they emphasize [8].
In recent years, historians of higher educational institutions in Jizzakh and Syrdarya regions have been
carrying out a number of scientific researches on the history of Ustrushona [9]. A. Gritsina[10], M.
Pardayev[11], F. Toshboyev[12] F. Maksudov[13], JG'ofurov, Q.Almanov[14], O The ongoing researches
of Mamirov and other researchers stand out.
CONCLUSION
The research conducted in the Jizzakh oasis helps to understand the history of Ustrushona in a deeper
way. Ustrushona is a region with a rich and complex history, which has been influenced by many
cultures and peoples. These studies provide valuable information about the life, culture and economy
of the people of Ustrushona. Also, the use of local materials in the study of the history of Uzbekistan
provides effective information. The study of the Ustrushona region was also conducted during the
former Soviet period, but these studies were not conducted in a deep analytical manner. During this
period, the location and structure of the existing monuments were studied. Subsequent archeological
research made it possible to study the history of Ustrushona in depth.
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