JSSHRF ISSN: 2748-9345
VOLUME04 ISSUE11
35
SOME COMMENTS ON THE REFORMS IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN UZBEKISTAN
Nodira Toliboyeva
Uzbekistan State World LanguagesUniversity, Associate Professor of the Department of History of
Uzbekistan, PhD, Uzbekistan
AB O U T ART I CL E
Key words:
Law "On Education", education
system, reforms, right to education, educational
institution, primary education, higher education,
Presidential schools.
Received:
09.11.2024
Accepted
: 04.11.2024
Published
: 19.11.2024
Abstract:
In this article, the essence of the state
policy on education reforms implemented in
Uzbekistan today, the content of the Law "On
Education" and the forms, types of education, the
right to education, the processes in the primary,
secondary and higher education system are
analyzed. done Some solutions and proposals are
presented within the framework of problems and
shortcomings existing in the educational system.
INTRODUCTION
The most important driver of cultural and spiritual development is the education system, because
society cannot be improved without training personnel who meet the requirements of the time, who
have mastered the achievements of advanced science and technology. As President Sh.M. Mirziyoyev
stated in his speech at the 78th session of the United Nations, "Development of human charity and
education of creative young generation is one of the strategic tasks that Uzbekistan has set before itself."
The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan stipulates that everyone has the right to education, thus
the state guarantees universal education. The state policy in the field of education in Uzbekistan is
reflected in the Law "On Education" and the National Personnel Training Program. In order to regulate
relations in the field of education in the republic, the Law "On Education" was adopted on July 2, 1992,
August 29, 1997, and then on September 23, 2020 in a new version.
In Uzbekistan, it was legally recognized as a priority area of development that meets the economic,
social, scientific-technical and cultural needs of the individual, society and the state. The most important
aspect of the legislation on education is that it has a holistic and systemic approach, where the
individual, society and the state, continuous education, science and the production process are
connected to each other in a single system. Education has been declared a priority in the field of social
development of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The main principles of the state policy in the field of education are as follows:
-
freedom to choose the form of education;
-
non-discrimination in education;
-
inculcation of national and universal values in education and training;
VOLUME04 ISSUE11
https://doi.org/10.55640/jsshrf-04-11-07
Pages: 35-39
JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH FUNDAMENTALS
ISSN: 2748-9345
VOLUME04 ISSUE11
36
-
continuity and consistency of education;
-
compulsory eleven-year education and one year of general secondary education for children
between the ages of six and seven;
-
guaranteed social protection of pedagogues in society;
-
secular nature of the educational system;
-
such as openness and transparency in educational activities.
In accordance with the state legislation, regardless of gender, language, age, race, nationality, faith,
religion, social origin, type of service, social status, place of residence, and how long they have lived in
the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan, everyone is guaranteed equal rights to education. It was also
determined that citizens living permanently in the Republic of Uzbekistan have the right to receive
education abroad in accordance with the international agreements of the Republic of Uzbekistan or
individually.
Right to education:
- development of state and non-state educational institutions;
- organization of education separated from production and without separation;
- Berul training on the basis of state education and personnel training programs, as well as vocational
training in educational institutions for a fee;
- graduates of all types of educational institutions have equal rights to enter educational institutions of
the next level;
- it is ensured by giving the right to pass the attestation in accredited educational institutions to the
citizens who have received education in the family or independently.
In addition, the rights and freedoms of pedagogues, employees of educational institutions, students
were expanded, their responsibilities were increased, and their motivation increased the attitude to
work. Regardless of the form of ownership, legal entities are allowed to provide educational services,
the best practices in the field of education of developed foreign countries are being implemented in our
country, and a number of international conventions have been ratified. ” strengthened the need for a
new version of the law.
The Law "On Education" adopted on September 23, 2020 consists of 11 chapters, 75 articles, and new
directions have been introduced into it. In particular, adult education, special education, inclusive
education, individual editorial activities, public-private partnership, investment in education, self-
evaluation of educational institutions. , important issues such as the rights and obligations of
educational participants, creative and innovative activities in the field of education were covered.
The continuous education system is provided on the basis of state education standards, on the basis of
consistency of educational programs at different levels, and includes the following types of education:
- preschool education and upbringing;
- general secondary and secondary special education;
- professional education;
- higher education;
- post-higher education;
- retraining of personnel and improving their qualifications;
- extracurricular education.
It is worth noting that in the new version of the law, the establishment of non-state educational
organizations based on public-private partnership, the establishment of a family non-state school
educational organization for individual entrepreneurs, attracting investments in the field of education,
JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH FUNDAMENTALS
ISSN: 2748-9345
VOLUME04 ISSUE11
37
international cooperation of educational organizations, Education the following forms of receipt are
specified:
-
in-service training (full-time);
-
education without separation from work (external, part-time, distance, dual);
-
family education and independent education;
-
training and education of senior citizens;
-
personnel training in the field of defense, security and law enforcement activities;
-
inclusive (harmonized) education;
-
study abroad.
It is known that the number of students in the classes of general secondary and secondary special
education organizations in the country should not exceed 35. The duration of education in the
bachelor's field should be at least 3 years, and in the master's field at least 1 year, and in the family it is
established that individuals who have received education and self-education can be issued a document
on education of a model approved by the state.
School education system is the primary, most basic link of continuous education. Pre-school education,
6-7 years old, is carried out in families, kindergartens and other educational institutions. According to
the scientific conclusions of experts, a person receives 70 percent of all the information and information
he receives during his life before the age of 5. Therefore, kindergarten education plays a very important
role in the development of healthy and educated children.
In Uzbekistan, school education is conducted in the state language and Karakalakh, Russian, Tajik,
Kyrgyz, Kazakh and Turkmen languages.
2017 was a year of fundamental reforms in the system of general education and secondary special
vocational education. Based on the suggestions and comments received at public receptions and the
virtual reception of the Resident, as well as the results of a survey conducted among the parents of the
graduates of the republic's schools, on the initiative of the Resident Shavkat Mirziyoyev, 9+3, that is,
from 12 years of compulsory education Returned to 11 years of education.
Also, the Presidential schools being established in Uzbekistan are expected to be an important basis for
educating the new generation of personnel. So these educational institutions will be a complete system
for identifying talented children, teaching and educating them using advanced technologies. The
educational process at the resident school is organized on the basis of completely new technologies,
and it is carried out in English according to the curricula and programs developed in cooperation with
the University of Cambridge. "STEAM" subjects - natural sciences, technology, technical creativity, art,
mathematics - are taught intensively in residential schools. Ten foreign specialists teach the students.
Such schools have increased in the cities of Tashkent, Namangan, Nukus, Khiva, and according to the
project, construction works are also underway in Vukhoro, Jizzakh, Karshi, Samarkand and Fergana.
Education in the 9-11th grades of resident schools is carried out on the basis of an individual
educational process, taking into account the choice of certain subjects according to the interests of
students and their level of study. Graduates of resident schools will have a state-approved certificate,
certificate, as well as a corresponding international program diploma (International Baccalaureate,
Advanced Rlasement or International Advanced Levels). This, in turn, allows admission to foreign
higher education institutions. The Examination Board of the University of Cambridge, operating under
the Sambridge Assessment International Education brand , is expected to organize the entrance
examinations for the Residential Schools.
JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH FUNDAMENTALS
ISSN: 2748-9345
VOLUME04 ISSUE11
38
Due to the reforms implemented in the education system during the years of independence, the
expected duration of education increased from 13.7 years in 1990 to 15.6 years in 2010. According to
this indicator and the literacy level of the population, Uzbekistan has reached the level of many
developed countries. At first, there were 37 higher educational institutions, and later there were 66.
According to the data of 2023, a total of 210 HEIs will operate in Uzbekistan. Of these, the number of
state HEIs is 115, the number of non-state HEIs is 65, and the number of foreign HEIs is 30.
The Republic of Uzbekistan is trying to join the ranks of the developed countries of the world in terms
of the level of education. Great attention is being paid to the youth of the country to enjoy the treasure
of world science and knowledge. The relations of educational institutions of the republic with
educational centers in foreign countries are being strengthened. Inviting foreign teachers and experts
to our country for conducting training in different languages, as well as increasing visits of Uzbek
experts to educational and scientific centers of different countries and the desire of students to study
abroad their displacement is increasing year by year. At the same time, the desire of foreign citizens
from all over the world to study in Uzbekistan is increasing.
In 2017, after a break of more than 10 years, taking into account the need for qualified personnel in the
state and society, the correspondence education system was restored at the initiative of the Resident of
Uzbekistan Sh. Mirziyoyev, and with this, women with adult children, married and It was created an
opportunity for older, employed people with secondary education to get higher education.
At the same time, in order to support young people, on August 18, 2021, "Measures to regulate the
allocation of educational loans for study in higher, secondary special and professional educational
organizations on the basis of a payment contract" The decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of the
Republic of Uzbekistan was adopted. According to it, educational loans are recommended or accepted
by commercial banks for full-time undergraduate and master's studies in higher education institutions
on a fee-contract basis, as well as It is set to be given to students who are citizens of the Republic of
Uzbekistan.
In turn, it should be noted that in the period of globalization, while science, technology and technology
are rapidly developing in the world, it shows that there are actual problems and shortcomings in the
system of education and science in the country. It is of urgent importance to solve such important issues
as regular reform of the education system, improvement of modern teaching methods and tools,
ensuring harmony of theory and practice, enrichment of educational content.
The following suggestions and comments can be made regarding some problems and shortcomings
existing in the education system today:
-
shortage of pre-school educational institutions in the republic and the demand for highly
educated specialists in the operating institutions;
-
development and publication of educational programs and literature within the requirements of
modern pedagogical times;
-
failure of modern technology and information resources in some educational institutions to meet
modern requirements;
-
existence of the need to create a friendly atmosphere between the student and the teacher;
-
formation of independent and critical observation skills in learners for the purpose of ensuring
quality education;
-
lack of highly qualified specialist personnel;
-
strengthening the harmony of theory and practice in education;
JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH FUNDAMENTALS
ISSN: 2748-9345
VOLUME04 ISSUE11
39
-
practical strengthening of cooperation between industry and educational institutions to expand
the scope of employment of graduates;
-
such as revising the system of teacher training and offering highly experienced personnel
specific to the requirements of the time, introducing new innovations into the process, and awakening
a high work ethic among the teachers by canceling the entrance and exit exams.
CONCLUSION
The conclusion is that the land of Uzbekistan has been famous for its great scholars and great thinkers
who made an incomparable contribution to the civilization of mankind and determined the direction of
the development of world science and culture to a certain extent. Khorezmi, Abu Rayhan Beruni,
Farghani, Abu Ali ibn Sina, Mirza Ulugbek and many other great scientists and thinkers who made a
great contribution to the treasury of world science grew up from Uzbek soil. At the same time that
Uzbekistan is trying to lay the foundations of this Renaissance movement, Uzbek scientists are creating
a solid foundation for the further development of the science of our country, and this will serve to make
a great contribution to the world's scientific and technical development.
REFERENCES
1.
Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan.// https://lex.uz/docs/-6445145.
2.
Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Education", O'RQ-637, 2020. //https://lex.uz/docs/-
5013007.
3.
The Resident of Uzbekistan gave a speech at the 78th session of the UN General Assembly //
httrs://rresident.uz/oz/lists/view/6679.
4.
The decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures to regulate the
allocation of educational loans for study in higher, secondary special and professional educational
organizations on a fee-contract basis".// https://www.lex.uz/docs/-5586538
5.
Toliboyeva N. The newest history of Uzbekistan. - Tashkent, - 215 p.
6.
httrs://fledu.uz/uz/uzbekistondagi-oliy-talim-assassalari-soni-va-unda-kansha-talaba-talim
olishi-statistikasi/.
7.
https://portal.piima.uz/page/presidential-schools.
