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39
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TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
39-44
DOI
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
25 October 2024
ACCEPTED
27 December 2024
PUBLISHED
17 January 2025
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue01 2025
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Complete Removable
Dentures: Types, Stages of
Manufacture and Features
Chakkanov Fakhritdin Khusanovich
Assistant Department of orthopedic dentistry, Samarkand State Medical
University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Abstract:
Orthopedic systems with full adentia vary in
comfort, appearance, material, and price. Synthetic
composites based on polymethylacrylate (PMMA),
ordinary and monomeric acrylic, polyurethane, and
plastic composites are used for manufacturing. The
dentist selects materials for complete removable
dentures taking into account the structure of the jaw,
the condition of soft and bone tissues.
Keywords:
Orthopedic systems, polymethylacrylate
(PMMA), monomeric acrylic, polyurethane.
Introduction:
Types of complete removable dentures
Orthopedic systems with full adentia vary in comfort,
appearance, material, and price. Synthetic composites
based on polymethylacrylate (PMMA), ordinary and
monomeric
acrylic,
polyurethane,
and
plastic
composites are used for manufacturing. The dentist
selects materials for complete removable dentures
taking into account the structure of the jaw, the
condition of soft and bone tissues.
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Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals
Removable plate prosthesis design
Components of a removable plate prosthesis:
• Artificial gum (base) ma
de of polymer, in which
artificial teeth are placed. The base transmits the
chewing load to the mucous membrane of the
prosthetic bed.
• Retaining clamps for fixation (only for partial
dentures). These "hooks" cover the dental unit. They
can be metal, plastic, or combined.
• Artificial teeth (crowns) perform the functions of
chewing. The material of the crown is selected
individually
—
plastic, metal ceramics, ceramics or
metal alloys.
The boundaries of a lamellar denture
Upper jaw
In the toothless part of the jaw, the border of the base
runs along the transitional fold of the gum, bypasses
the buccal strands of the mucous membrane and the
fold of the upper lip. The base is adjacent to the dental
necks, covers the frontal group by 1/3 of the height,
and the chewing area by 2/3 of the height, overlaps the
palatine tubercles. The edge of the base is fixed on the
posterior edges of the tubercles of the upper jaw.
Lower jaw
The border of the base runs in a toothless gap along
the transitional fold of the gum between the frenules
of the tongue and lip. The base of the mandibular
prosthesis covers 2/3 of its teeth, so the plate does not
sag and preserves the integrity of the mucous
membrane. The base of the chewing teeth is rounded
on the vestibular side of the lips and cheeks. The
mandibular protuberances are always fully or partially
covered.
Indications for plate prostheses
• one tooth is missing (butterfly immediate prosthesis),
• violation of the contact between the dentition (bite
plate for orthodontic treatment),
• the extent of the defect cannot be repaired with a
dental bridge,
• too many teeth were removed (direct prosthetics),
• restoration of an injury or fracture of teeth
(splint
prosthesis),
• patient's refusal or inability to perform permanent
prosthetics,
• contraindications to implantation,
• Replacement of a broken removable structure,
• Galvanism or the div's allergy to metal parts.
Advantages
• Complete removable
dentures are the most
affordable way to restore a lost dentition;
• sufficient aesthetics;
• rapid recovery of chewing function;
• Easy maintenance;
• the ability to install a removable orthopedic system on
implants (except nylon systems).
Disadvantages
•
Long habituation (the more massive the structure, the
longer the adaptation takes);
• distortion of diction, taste sensations;
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Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals
• restoration of chewing function by 60%;
• insufficient fixation on the lower jaw (with a flattened
prosthetic bed, additional fixing gels must be used);
• the accuracy of the distribution and transmission of
chewing pressure is reduced (most of it falls on the
gum);
• soreness, chafing of the mucous membrane;
• risk of allergies, increased gag reflex;
• atrophy (loss) of the jaw t
issues under the prosthetic
bed.
Features for the upper and lower jaw
The removable prosthesis of both jaws is maintained
by recreating a vacuum between the mucosa and the
base of the structure. After installation on a row and
biting, the air from under the base is removed, creating
an area of low pressure. Due to this, the orthopedic
system is held in place (attached to the gum).
• Mandibular models are attached exclusively to the
gums, tightly covering the alveolar process.
• The maxillary muscles hug t
he alveolar ridge and
overlap the palate. This increases the contact area,
making it possible to firmly fix the structure, but
reduces the comfort of wearing it.
With removable prosthetics, the orthopedic system
must accurately recreate the anatomical shape of the
prosthetic bed. Otherwise, it is impossible to achieve
reliable stability
–
under any load, the artificial jaw will
fly off.
Contraindications
• Allergy to the prosthetic material;
• Mental disorders;
• acute inflammations and infections of the oral cavity;
•
progressive
osteomyelitis,
osteoporosis,
osteonecrosis;
• malignant processes of the maxillofacial zone;
• epilepsy.
The stages of manufacturing a complete removable
prosthesis
1. Taking casts. Impressions (digital or with an
impression mass) are taken from the patient's jaws,
which are used to produce a plaster model and a
prosthetic template with specified base parameters.
2. Bite diagnosis. Determination of central occlusion,
transfer of the research result to the articulator for
correct reconstruction of bite features.
3. Manufacture of a prosthesis. After fitting, adjusting
the template, the wax base is replaced with a
permanent material. The bite is fixed, and the finished
orthopedic system is sanded and polished.
4. Installation. The prosthetic structure is fixed to the
patient. The dentist makes recommendations regarding
care, adaptation, and diet. At the stage of habituation,
additional adjustments are possible
–
the product must
be adjusted to the set parameters so that the patient is
as comfortable as possible.
Alternative options
An alternative to the classic puller is removable,
conditionally removable or non-removable orthopedic
systems based on implants. Prosthetics on implants
ensure reliable fixation of the structure, uniform
distribution of chewing pressure.
Depending on the clinical situation, 2-8 artificial roots
per 1 jaw act as supports. 2-4 implants are sufficient for
a dense mandibular bone, and 6-8 titanium supports are
required to install the prosthesis on a loose, air-bearing
upper jaw. Removable systems are fixed to the supports
by a spherical or beam fastening mechanism.
Conditionally removable and non-removable
–
by screw
or cement method.
Modern single-stage protocols (all on 4, all on 6) allow
prosthetics to be performed in just 1 day. During
installation, the implants are positioned at different
angles, which avoids bone grafting. For non-removable
prosthetics, both a bridge-like prosthesis and a
segmented model can be used. In such cases, several
bridge-like elements form the basis of the structure.
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