Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals
88
https://eipublication.com/index.php/jsshrf
TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
88-91
DOI
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
24 December 2024
ACCEPTED
26 January 2025
PUBLISHED
28 February 2025
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue02 2025
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
The issue of political study
of national and regional
security
Azimov Habibullakhon Yakubovich
Senior Lecturer of the Department of "International Relations" of TSUOS,
Doctor of Philosophy in Political Sciences, PhD, Uzbekistan
Abstract:
Currently, ensuring security in the
international arena and researching the factors
influencing it is relevant. Today, the number and types
of factors threatening national and international
security are expanding. This article discusses conceptual
approaches to the socio-political study of national and
regional security.
Keywords:
International
relations,
international
security, national security.
Introduction:
The foundation of a person's desire to feel
safe is rooted in the fact that throughout history,
humans have always been subject to external threats.
These threats can come from all other types of beings,
including humans themselves. From this perspective,
while some societies and states preferred to distance
themselves from global issues to ensure their security,
others viewed the entire world as their domain and
believed that complete security could only be achieved
by fully conquering this territory. Some formed various
alliances to ensure their own security, while others
attempted to achieve this goal through diplomatic
means. In essence, the objective sought through these
and many other similar methods has always remained
the same. Of course, these methods did not always
work, and instead of achieving the main goal of security,
even more dangerous situations could arise. The main
subject of this research is the question of whether
national and regional security is a key factor in
international relations. As the First President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan I.A. Karimov noted, "Unresolved
and widespread problems of any region can lead to a
chain reaction throughout the world. The stabilization
of the situation creates the risk of disrupting the new
geopolitical balance, which is becoming increasingly
clear".
Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals
89
https://eipublication.com/index.php/jsshrf
Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals
METHOD
The problem of security arises simultaneously with the
formation of independent statehood and the
establishment of social, political, and economic
interests in society. Since then, along with stability and
development, risks and various threats have also
emerged, and taking them into account, developing
and implementing state strategy and policy based on
them, is an important condition for ensuring the
country's security. The concept of "security" according
to the reference, appeared in the 12th century. In
subsequent periods of history, in connection with the
formation of state structures, the concept of "security"
meant a state of peace arising as a result of the
absence of real threats corresponding to the trends of
state building and governing bodies in the material,
political, and economic spheres. Throughout history,
humanity has strived to protect itself from various
dangers. The extent to which a society is free from
dangers or the level of its protection is a crucial factor
in its stability and development, necessitating the need
for states to implement security policies.
Security is a comprehensive concept, and various
approaches to its interpretation have evolved.
However, the main idea that synthesizes all views and
interpretations is that security is a state of protection
from threats at various levels. The issue of security did
not emerge recently; it arose with the formation of
humanity and states. The theory of security has
undergone several historical stages. As a result of
humanity's pursuit of security, a security system was
first formed within individual societies, then within
states, and ultimately on an international scale.
By the end of the 20th century, the concepts of
"security" and "national security" began to be used
more frequently in our lexicon. This is explained by the
increasing complexity of human development, the
widespread use of nuclear, atomic, and other weapons
of mass destruction, the exacerbation of the ecological
situation, the emergence of new dangerous diseases,
the increasing threat of terrorism, the disruption of the
balance between states after the collapse of the
totalitarian regime, the elimination of the division of
the world into opposite poles, the emergence of new
independent states, and the implementation of market
reforms in them. Such changes in the world have
increased attention to the problems of security,
general and national security. The concept of
"security" is multifaceted and is interpreted in
different ways. Nevertheless, they share a common
idea, according to which security means protection
and guarantee from dangers arising in various spheres
of human life. Risk is a potential or real force, a factor
that threatens the development and normal
functioning of the state and society. The most acute
manifestations of danger include natural and social
cataclysms and tremors, crises and crises, revolutions
and uprisings, wars and armed conflicts.
Today, the problem of security has gone beyond
national borders and has acquired a global character.
One state, with its powerful military potential, could not
achieve a certain result by ensuring its own security. Just
as ensuring the security of an individual state is closely
related to ensuring the peace and security of the whole
world or region, it is natural that the presence of unrest
or other factors threatening the security of a state
creates a threat to regional security, and a threat to
global security. The approach "Global dialogue cannot
be achieved without ensuring our regional security,"
based on the principle "from regional security to
universal security," is a logical continuation of the views
of modern political scientists that certain regions play a
key and decisive role in solving problems important to
humanity, ensuring global security. The renowned
English scholar B. Buzan, in his work "The People, the
State, and Fear," provides a new definition of the
concept of security. The scholar distinguishes between
personal security and national security. In his opinion,
security has "soft" and "hard" properties. The "soft"
type of security includes the economic, spiritual, and
cultural spheres, while the "hard" aspects indicate the
type of security that must be ensured with the help of
military forces.
A sharp turn in the system of international relations in
recent years changes, on the one hand, have led to a
further increase in the relevance of the security
problem, and on the other hand, put forward the need
to revise the concepts and views regarding international
relations, nation, state, and "security."
A deep understanding and analysis of the meaning
encompassed by the term "security" is of great interest
to many specialists.
Analysis of the scientific literature showed that there
are different approaches to revealing the concept of
"security." There are several reasons for the emergence
of such a situation, one of which is the fact that the
concept of "security" is essentially a comprehensive
concept, and the second is the emergence of new forces
that threaten security with the change of times. Indeed,
the concept of "security" is multifaceted, encompassing
interconnected concepts such as individual, state, and
international security. It is a complex concept in a broad
sense, which includes ensuring guarantees of
development for humanity, creating a system that
meets the interests of the population living in the
country, protecting their rights, allowing them to fully
realize their abilities and continuously improve their
Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals
90
https://eipublication.com/index.php/jsshrf
Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals
standard of living. In the military encyclopedic
dictionary, the term "security" is defined as the
absence of any danger, preservation, reliability.
It can be observed that in most definitions of the
concept of "security," the economic and military
potential of countries is taken as the main criterion. In
particular, according to the definition of the Arab
politician Abdulmun'im-al-Mashat, "Security is a state
that ensures a nation's economic and military power,
sufficient to resist threats emanating from other
countries or from within its own country, imposed on
its existence.
Another group of researchers approach security more
from the perspective of external threats, defining
security as the actual ability to be free from external
threats.
The following definition is also widely used in the
scientific literature: "the term security is a state of
protection of the vital needs of the individual, society,
and the state from external and internal threats". As
can be seen, this definition does not differ sharply in
meaning from the definitions given above. At the same
time, "security is the safe state of the object, the
absence of dangers, the impossibility of changing the
situation for the worse"; "a state that ensures the
nation's sufficient military and economic potential to
counter threats to the state arising from the internal or
external environment"; "real possibility of being free
from external risks"; "the state of international
relations, free from various factors that threaten the
security or peace of the peoples of the world". In
another definition of security, S. Toshev evaluates this
concept as a state "Security is the state of protection
of important interests of the individual, social groups,
society, state, civilization from internal and external
threats."
V.I.Mitrokhin emphasized that "security is the state of
protection of the dignity, honor, environment of the
individual, social groups, state and society, and
civilizations as a whole. Security belongs to the class of
socio-philosophical
categories
and
requires
consideration in the context of an interdisciplinary
complex. Also, in the Charter of the United Nations,
"joining forces to ensure security" is recognized as one
of the main goals of this organization. The Helsinki
Final Act on security, signed by the member states of
the Organization for Security and Co-operation in
Europe on August 1, 1975, defines ensuring security as
"abstaining from all actions that leave it in an act of
threat." As can be seen from these international
norms, security is understood as ensuring a certain
state in international relations related to national legal
relations. Another definition of "security" that caught
our attention is as follows: "Security is a state that
excludes the disruption of international relations, a free
world, and threats to the security of peoples in any
form. "Analysis of the definitions given to the term
"security" shows that in most cases this term is
interpreted as a quality of "the state of protection of the
individual, society, and the state from threats."
Definitions of the term "security," given by various
political factors at different times, take into account
such factors as the political and socio-economic
situation of that time, the level of political, economic,
and military power of countries, and the position of a
particular region in world socio-political life. Therefore,
in these definitions, one can observe not only a certain
system, order, but also regular evolutionary
development. Like any socio-political category, the
concept of security has changed in the direction of
expansion. If the concept of individual security arose
during the period when the first signs of human
civilization began to appear, then the evolution of
human society gave rise to such concepts as the security
of the urban population, the security of the nation and
people.
In the 20th century, a series of wars that shook
humanity gave rise to such concepts as regional and
global security, and the existing security systems now
aim to protect humanity not only from military, but also
from political, economic, social, environmental, and
even ideological threats. Thus, security:
- the state of protection of the individual, society, and
the state from threats;
- a state in which a nation has sufficient economic and
military strength to withstand threats to its existence,
both from other countries and from within its own
country;
- a state that excludes a threat to the security of
peoples; - a system that ensures guarantees of
development for humanity, corresponds to the interests
of the population living on the territory of the country,
allows for the full manifestation of their abilities to
protect their rights and the continuous growth of the
standard of living, in which such interconnected
concepts as the individual, society, state, region, and
world security are manifested. Indeed, national security
manifests itself in the safe existence and development
of the social triad - the individual, society, and the state,
while regional security manifests itself in the security of
the states of this region, and global security - in
interregional security.
CONCLUSION
Security has been an issue that people and all states,
regardless of their form, have paid attention to
throughout history. The security-based policy, primarily
Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals
91
https://eipublication.com/index.php/jsshrf
Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals
envisioned by realists, allowed each state to develop
its own defense mechanism. Previously, the
development of this mechanism only increased the
potential of military power, but in today's global world,
attention is being paid to every aspect of power.
Currently, when it comes to security, along with
classical military security based on border security, the
protection of the economy, the protection of culture,
the safe control of energy resources in other
geographies, the protection of financial power,
dominance, the protection of international relations
and protection from environmental threats, and the
avoidance of epidemic diseases and, ultimately, the
dominance of the underground, outer, and outer
landscape of the world constitute many analyzable
goals.
REFERENCES
И.А.Каримов Ўзбекистон XXI аср бўсағасида
хавфсизликка таҳдид, барқарорлик шартлари ва
тараққиёт кафолатлари.
-
Т:Ўзбекистон, 1997. –
Б.12.
И.А.Каримов. Ватан саждагоҳ каби муқаддасдир.
Т.Ўзбекистон, 1996. –
Б.80.
Buzan, B., & Hansen, L. (2009). The evolution of
international security studies. Cambridge University
Press.
Buzan, B. (2003). Regions and Powers: The Structure of
International Security (Vol. 226). Cambridge University
Press.
Самаров Р. Хавфсизликнинг методологик асослари.
–Т. Академия, 2010. –Б.17.
Buzan, B. (2009). The English school and international
security. In The Routledge Handbook of Security
Studies (pp. 50-60). Routledge.
Рахмонов А.Р. Проблемы безопасности: на
национальном, региональном и глобальном
уровнях. (международной
-
правовой аспекты). –
Т.:
Ўзбекистон миллий энциклопедияси, 2001. –
Б. 57.
Freedman, L. (1998). International security: changing
targets. Foreign Policy, 48-63.
Ravshanov, F. R., & Azimov, H. Y. (2021). Danger and
Security: History and Present. International Journal of
Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 8(4),
280-285.
Azimov, H. Y. (2022). Main directions of modern
international security approaches. International
journal of social science research and review, 5(2), 151-
157.
Bo‘ronov, S., & Azimov, H. (2023). Sharq
mamlakatlarida xavfsizlik muammolari va mojarolari.
Toshkent: EFFECT_D.
Muhammadsidiqov, M. (2015). Stability of North
African Region. Int. J. of Multidisciplinary and Current
research, 3, 7-14.
Habibullo, A., & Durdona, M. (2021). Xalqaro xavfsizlik
o'quv qo'llanma.
