Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals
35
https://eipublication.com/index.php/jsshrf
TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
35-38
DOI
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
15 February 2025
ACCEPTED
14 March 2025
PUBLISHED
12 April 2025
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue04 2025
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Child of The Nation- A
Journey to Empowerment
and Hope
Sultonov Oybek Sultonboyevich
Deputy head of the Department of the General prosecutor’s office of the
Republic of Uzbekistan, Doctor of philosophy (PhD) law, Uzbekistan
Abstract:
Hakim Tuyakov was born in 1903 in Tashkent
city to an artisan family. In 1929
–
1930, he served as the
prosecutor of the Bukhara district, and from 1930 to
1932, he was the prosecutor of the Gijduvon district.
From 1932 to 1934, he held the position of Chairman of
the Gijduvon district RCCP (Regional Committee of the
Communist Party) and served as the Assistant
Prosecutor of the Uzbekistan SSR (Soviet Socialist
Republic) from January to September of 1934. Between
1934 and 1935, he was the prosecutor of the Shofirkon
district, and from 1935 to 1937, he served as the
prosecutor of the Surkhandarya district. From
November 1937 to January 1938, he worked as the
Deputy Prosecutor of the Khorezm district.
Keywords:
Law, history, lawyer, prosecutor, Tashkent,
Bukhara, Surkhandarya, Assistant Prosecutor.
Introduction:
"HE WAS KNOWN TO MANY..."
Under the guise of fighting against counter-
revolutionary elements, many devoted sons and
daughters of the nation became victims of the cruel
purges. One of these highly skilled and capable
individuals, who had served for many years in the
prosecutor's office, was Hakim Tuyakov.
When Hakim Tuyakov was appointed the prosecutor of
the Bukhara district, he was only 26 years old. With
great enthusiasm, he set out to defend the rights and
interests of the republic’s citizens. Though he had little
life experience at the time, the young man had to bring
to life the newly formed prosecution office. These years
were very difficult. The aftereffects of continuous
battles, violence, and tension still lingered. The era
required people to find their place in society and adapt
to it. Understanding this, Hakim Tuyakov realized that
he would have to dedicate himself fully to bearing the
weight of life. It wasn't easy to choose his side. Yet,
coming from an ordinary working-class family in
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Tashkent, who had suffered hunger and hardship, the
young man did not hesitate for a moment, making a
clear decision to stand with those suffering under the
weight of tyranny.
The Tuyakov family was quite large, and the struggles
of the time, as well as poverty, deeply affected them.
Not all members of the family were able to receive
education. Hakimjon himself managed to complete
only the 4th grade of an old school. Realizing that his
younger siblings needed his help, he worked tirelessly
in manual labor: he chopped wood, toiled under harsh
conditions, and did menial tasks in exchange for little.
Despite these hardships, the root of Hakimjon's
determination lay in his desire to break free from such
struggles and seek knowledge. He knew the
importance of learning and self-improvement. When
he heard about the opening of a school that would
prepare teachers, he eagerly enrolled. He learned to
read and write, and from 1921 to 1923, he attended
the Tashkent Conservatory.
For two years, he worked in various fields such as
education, and later joined the People's Orchestra of
Tashkent as a musician. He also worked as a tram
conductor and a trolleybus driver. By 1929, there was
a growing need for qualified legal professionals in the
young republic, so the recruitment of young people
from working-class backgrounds began. Ambitious and
diligent, Hakimjon stood out and was sent to
Samarkand to attend a six-month legal course. He
completed the course in just three months due to his
quick learning, and as a result, he was appointed
prosecutor of the Bukhara district.
Although several years had passed since Soviet power
was established in Bukhara, the region still struggled
with ignorance, legal illiteracy, and distrust of
authority. These issues led to various challenges. At the
time, the prosecutor's office had only one deputy and
two investigators. The district was plagued with high
crime rates, and investigations poured in. The
prosecutor's duties included managing investigations,
questioning suspects, reviewing cases, and issuing
reports, which made the workload extremely heavy.
Hakim Tuyakov faced these challenges with great
dedication, working tirelessly and without complaint,
as he understood the importance of maintaining the
public's trust in justice.
Hakim Tuyakov passed through these hardships with
honor. Later, he served as the prosecutor of the
Gijduvan district and worked as an assistant to the
prosecutor of the Uzbek SSR for rural affairs. In 1934
–
35, he served as the prosecutor of the Shofirkon
district, and in 1935
–
37 as the prosecutor of the
Surkhandarya region. From November 1937 to January
1938, he served as the deputy prosecutor of the
Khorezm region.
His life’s tragic events began at this very time. In January
1938, when the repression reached its peak, he was
arrested by the Surkhandarya PCIA (State Security
Department) and expelled from the party as a "enemy
of the people," sentenced to death. His fate, the year
and a half he spent in detention, is documented in the
criminal case files against him. However, is that the full
story?
When you familiarize yourself with the criminal case
files against Hakim Tuyakov, handled by the State
Security Department of the PCIA of the Uzbek SSR, these
yellowed documents reveal the sorrow and regret of a
man who had devoted seven years of his life to the
prosecution service. During the most tumultuous years,
he had abandoned his peace of mind and lived in
solidarity with the people's suffering. His unjust arrest
and the fabricated charges against him seem to
encapsulate all the pain and regret of his wrongful fate...
FEBRUARY 23, 1938
Hakim Tuyakov was serving as the Deputy Prosecutor of
the Khorezm District at the time of his arrest. He was
living in Bukhara with his wife, Olima Tuyakova, their 7-
year-old son, Fayz, and his in-laws, Mukarama Aya and
Allohoshim Khujayev. At the time of his arrest, Hakim
Tuyakov was only 35 years old.
He was accused of being involved in an anti-
revolutionary, national organization operating in
Uzbekistan, with connections to the “center of the
kulaks and Trotskyites.” He was all
eged to have
participated in activities aimed at separating the Uzbek
SSR from the USSR and forming a bourgeois state, as
well as organizing rebellious elements in the
Surkhandarya region. He was charged under articles 57,
63, and 67 of the Uzbek SSR Criminal Code. His
investigation was carried out by Lieutenant Podushkov,
an officer of the former PCIA UGB (State Security
Department).
The investigation began on January 10, 1938, and lasted
until July 22, 1939
—
1 year, 7 months, and 12 days.
Even though an official report was made to complete
the investigation on March 24, 1938, for unknown
reasons, Tuyakov remained in custody for an additional
six months.
During this period, the criminal-procedural legislation in
effect was designed as a tool for the authoritarian
regime, and strict adherence to the legal timelines was
not to be expected. A striking example of this is the
decree from the former USSR PCJ (People's
Commissariat of Justice) on December 1, 1934, which
amended the criminal-procedural codes of the former
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Soviet republics. The amendments required that
investigations into terrorist acts and crimes related to
anti-Soviet organizations be concluded within ten days,
with the accused being given the formal charge just
one day before the trial. The most troubling aspect of
this process was that these types of criminal cases
could be tried without the participation of the parties
in court, and appeals or petitions for clemency were
severely limited. In cases where the death sentence
was pronounced, execution was carried out
immediately.
In May 1939, the investigation into Tuyakov’s case was
transferred to another official, and he was subjected to
additional questioning. During his later statements,
Tuyakov confessed that he had been coerced into
providing false testimony due to physical force. He
claimed that all of the charges against him were
fabricated and baseless. He also denied participating in
any subversive activities while working in the
prosecution office. In his testimony, he noted that the
criminal case involving R. Babajonov had been
submitted to the court with the indictment, and Asan
Ikromov’s documents had been sent to the Republic
Prosecutor in 1936 to request permission for a criminal
case to be opened, although no action had been taken
due to lack of approval.
Tuyakov maintained that there was no sufficient
material to justify his arrest, and the charges against
him were completely unfounded.
In the criminal case documents, there is a letter signed
by Hakim Tuyakov, dated January 11, 1938, in which he
stated: "In the 1930s, although the former
Surkhandarya District Party Secretary Kahhorov had
succumbed to alcoholism, he was still supported by the
nationalist, anti-revolutionary former UzSSR CEC
Secretary Ikromov, which is why he remained in the
party. Later, in 1935-36, when the Party Control
Commission came to inspect Kahhorov’s activities, no
action was taken. It was only after the exposure of
Ikromov and Khujayev’s faction (servants) that the
issue of his nationalism was raised." In the same letter,
he further wrote: "I have now realized that there was
an anti-revolutionary organization led by Kahhorov
and others in Surkhandarya, and I now understand that
in 1936 I was drawn into this organization."
In his statement given in July 1939, Tuyakov said: "The
letters written on January 11 were not written the day
after my arrest, but on January 14
–
15. I was
interrogated continuously for six days, and after
realizing that I could not endure any more
interrogations, I gave false statements about myself,
consisting of lies and slander..."
The methods used during the investigation remain
hidden in the silent papers that we are reviewing. These
facts seem to be concealed, like a secret behind a
curtain. However, in repeated interrogations, Tuyakov
consistently stated that all the charges against him were
based on slander, and he refused to acknowledge any of
them. This was confirmed by the testimonies of
individuals who had written "confession letters" about
him, which were used as evidence in the case. The way
his initial confessions were obtained can only be
speculated upon based on the information available.
An important point in H. Tuyakov’s statement during the
investigation is that, from March 1936, when he took
office as the Surkhandarya regional prosecutor, until the
end of that year, he had almost completely failed to
carry out his assigned duties. He mentions that as the
representative of the district party for agricultural
matters, he was traveling in the districts, and in 1936, he
was granted the authority to oversee cotton cultivation
work in the Sariosiyo district. During the peak of the
authoritarian regime, being assigned duties that were
not related to his role as a regional prosecutor, such as
working as a representative for agricultural matters, led
to a reduced focus on his main task of overseeing the
enforcement of laws.
The main reason for the decline in the prosecutor's
oversight was not just this single factor. The activities of
the investigation and inquiry bodies in the 1930s made
it difficult to establish effective oversight by
prosecutors. Prosecutors who stood against human
rights violations or arbitrary imprisonments were often
put under pressure, and in some cases, even executed.
The SPD
–
PCIA and other such bodies took control over
prisons and places of detention, limiting the access of
prosecutors to these areas.
The severity of the situation was revealed in the words
of Hosiyat Muminova, who worked as a district
prosecutor in Tashkent at the time: "Our relationship
with the SPD is becoming increasingly serious. There
have been many cases of unjust imprisonment and
people being held for indefinite periods. If we try to
raise the issue, we face the risk of being imprisoned
ourselves. They refused to let us enter the prisons."
H. Tuyakov, who had been assigned to agricultural
matters by the Soviet government’s executive bodies,
eventually became a victim of the system. He spent one
and a half years wrongfully imprisoned due to fabricated
charges.
After being released from prison, H. Tuyakov worked in
various positions, including as the head of the Bukhara
city manufacturing department from 1939 to 1941,
deputy chairman of the Guzar district executive
committee from 1941 to 1942, and head of the social
welfare department in Bukhara city from 1942 to 1943.
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In 1943, he returned to his honorable profession,
rejoined the prosecutor’s office, and began working as
the prosecutor of the Vobkent district from October of
that year. He reflects on his work there: “In these parts,
if you mentio
n the name ‘Tuyakov,’ every older person
immediately remembers the tireless and unwavering
prosecutor.”
The regional prosecutor's office officials particularly
acknowledge
H.
Tuyakov’s
contributions
to
strengthening the rule of law, recognizing him as an
honest, just, and modest individual.
REFERENCES
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372 b.
Тарихий хотира беқиёс [Матн] / Р.Т. Шамсутдинов
[ва бошқ.]; нашр учун масъул Б.В. Ҳасанов. –
Тошкент: Encyclopedia world, 2024. –
316 б.
Qonun himoyasiga hayot baxshida...
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Toshkent:
Tamaddun, 2022.
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