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6.Nuriddinov, O. X., Jurayev, K. H. O. G. L., & Qo, X. Z. O. G. L.
(2022). Increasing the biological activity of salinated soils of Bukhara
region with the help of various fertilizers.
Science and Education
,
3
(11),
172-177.
TO INCREASE THE PRODUCTIVITY OF AGRICULTURAL
LANDS, TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF MINERAL
FERTILIZERS AND TO INCREASE THE QUALITY OF PRODUCTS
USING MODERN TECHNOLOGIES
Koraboev E.V.
– assistant,
Fergana Polytechnic Institute,
Nazirov Z.E
. -
Bachelor student, Fergana Polytechnic Institute
Annotation:
Determining the area and condition of the irrigated
lands intended for agriculture, whose condition has deteriorated due to the
violation of irrigation and reclamation networks. For that reason, mineral
fertilizers are considered the most important and necessary complex
nutrient for any soil. In order to, processing and improving the quality of
mineral fertilizers of this type is considered the most necessary measure
for soil fertility.
Key words:
land area, irrigation, improve, resource, mineral
fertilizer, device, technology, fertilizer, spillage, nozzle.
Monitoring of agricultural land and arable land in periodic, current
and rapid monitoring forms remains the most important issue. Agricultural
crops - technical crops (cotton, hemp, cannabis, tobacco, broom), grain
crops (wheat, barley, corn for grain, white sorghum, rice, millet, oats )
sunflower, soybean, peanut, sesame, flax, safflower), leguminous crops
(peas, beans, mash), forage crops (alfalfa, corn for silage, beets, annual
grasses ( rape, triticale), berry crops and others. In the process of rapid
monitoring, incomplete planting of agricultural crops in relation to the
indicators of placement, failure to ensure or delay the execution of
agrotechnical measures related to land cultivation in their terms, as well
as violation of the requirements of legislative documents on land in case
of detection of cases, relevant information will be submitted to the
inspectors performing state control on the protection of agricultural lands
within one working day. In the 2019 edition of the World Organic
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“O‘zbekistonda yer resurslarini boshqarishning ustuvor yo‘nalishlari: muammo va yechimlar”
Agriculture Statistics of the Organic Agriculture Research Institute and the
International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements, the Republic
of Uzbekistan is among the 10 countries in the world with favorable
conditions for growing fruit and it is noted that our republic has suitable
land areas for organic fruit production. At the same time, our republic has
the following favorable conditions for the development of organic
agriculture.
The possibility of increasing the employment of the population as a
result of the development of agro, logistics and cooperation systems for
organic production. The ability to analyze the quality of agricultural
products due to the improvement of laboratories, control and certification
systems regions free of genetically modified organisms. Despite the
existence of favorable conditions and opportunities, insufficient attention
is paid to the development of organic agriculture in our republic, which
has a negative impact not only on the environment, human health, the
production of high-quality products, but also on increasing the export
potential of the regions and expanding their geography. official guarantee
of organic products and increase in production volume, facilitating the
access of producers to foreign markets and expanding the export
geography, improving the investment attractiveness of agricultural
production and implementing new investment projects, increasing the
employment of the rural population, strengthening access to healthy food,
agriculture increase the high quality and safety of livestock and food
products, reduce negative effects on the environment, increase soil fertility
and prevent degradation, preserve the biological diversity of the
ecosystem, ecological stability, certification according to the
technological scheme "from field to table" and strengthening control
systems is the main goal. The dry climate, the low amount of atmospheric
precipitation and their uneven distribution during the seasons make it
necessary to irrigate crops not only in the plains, but also in the
mountainous regions. Despite the fact that the majority of the working
population is employed in agriculture and it provides more than 70% of
the GDP, agriculture is still not very productive and cannot meet the
population's food needs. The analysis of the current state of the theory of
heat-mass transfer processes provided a scientific basis for the
development of a research methodology, the creation of a laboratory
facility, as well as recommendations for intensifying and controlling the
process. An analysis of studies on heat and mass transfer processes
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“O‘zbekistonda yer resurslarini boshqarishning ustuvor yo‘nalishlari: muammo va yechimlar”
occurring during drying in drum dryers shows that, based on existing
studies of the drying process, it is impossible to take into account all the
characteristic features and changes in the kinetics of such a process. The
kinetics of external heat and mass transfer during the drying process is
determined by a change in the concentration of moisture vapor across the
boundary layer and a change in the temperature of the drying agent near
the surface of the wet material.
The concentration difference creates a vapor flow from the surface,
and the temperature difference between the main mass of the drying agent
and the surface of the material ensures the supply of heat to the wet
material. Analytical consideration of the external problem of heat and
mass transfer in drying processes, taking into account the mutual influence
of numerous determining factors, is currently difficult due to the
complexity of determining the kinetic coefficients and driving forces of
real drying processes. Since drying is a heat and mass transfer process, its
complete mathematical description includes differential equations for both
heat transfer and mass transfer in the boundary layer. However, due to the
complexity of such a mathematical description, the difficulty of
determining and the inconsistency of the coefficients characterizing heat
and mass transfer, it is not possible to complete the solution of the system
of differential equations without simplifying assumptions. When creating
a mathematical model of a drum dryer, it is natural to consider its design
characteristics unchanged. Some technological parameters of the dryer,
for example, the number of revolutions of the drum and the angle of
inclination of the apparatus, should also be considered constant, since they
change very rarely. Thus, as changing operating parameters, we take the
change in temperature and moisture content of the material and air at the
inlet to the dryer. The temperature, pressure, and relative humidity of
the ambient air were preliminarily determined. Before the start of the
experiment, the required heating power was determined by the
consumption of the drying agent and its temperature, and the
corresponding sections of the heater were connected on the control
panel. The material to be dried was pre-moistened with water to a
predetermined moisture content. For faster access to the stationary
mode, the drying drum was preheated. Heating was carried out at a
given flow rate of the drying agent and the required temperature was
established. The flow rate was monitored by a differential pressure
gauge and regulated by changing the voltage at the of the vacuum
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“O‘zbekistonda yer resurslarini boshqarishning ustuvor yo‘nalishlari: muammo va yechimlar”
cleaner. The desired temperature was set using the buttons on the
control panel. After the end of the heating of the drum, the wet material
was loaded into the feed hopper and the rotation of the drum was
turned on. The set parameters of the drying mode were finally checked,
the temperature of the material was determined, samples were taken to
determine the initial moisture content, and its supply to the dryer was
turned on. The installation was put into stationary mode. The mode was
considered steady when the temperatures of the drying agent and material
at the outlet of the dryer did not change. After the onset of a steady state,
the temperatures of the drying agent and material were measured along
the length of the drum using thermocouples fixed on the rod at a certain
distance from each other. Then, using a special sampler, samples of the
material were taken along the length of the drying drum and placed in
glass bottles. The residual moisture content of the material was determined
by the method of drying in an oven at a temperature of 105°C. Weighing
was carried out on electronic scales. After the measurements were taken
and the sampling of materials was completed, the supply of material, the
rotation of the drum, the heating of air, its supply were turned off, and the
power to the devices was turned off. The material remaining in the drying
drum was collected in a separate container and weighed.
Figure-1. Processes of mineral fertilizer spillage from the nozzle.
The results of these studies are analyzed. In this case, from the point
of view of the uniformity of the distribution of material rain, U-shaped
nozzles show a clear advantage, because in this case, the coverage of the
drum surface of the material distribution was more valuable than other
types of nozzles. Therefore, we made different types of U-shaped nozzles
and made different experiments. We want to show these results above. We
can tell you about the plants we made and experimented with this progress.
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“O‘zbekistonda yer resurslarini boshqarishning ustuvor yo‘nalishlari: muammo va yechimlar”
But the nozzles used in practice rarely provide equal distribution.
Therefore, our research is aimed at determining the design of the nozzle,
which ensures the uniform distribution of the material in the apparatus.
Installation and dimensions of prepared experimental nozzles on the drum.
Numerical values of the dimensions of the following nozzles are given
in Table 1. Since the purpose of our experiment is to determine the optimal
shape of the nozzle for a certain material, superphosphate mineral
fertilizer is used as a model material. selected. In the study, the effect of
the shape of the nozzle on the speed of material scattering and the
distribution of materials in the cross section of the dryer were studied. We
assumed that the distribution of materials in the cross-section of the drum
is not affected by the angle of inclination of the drum and the speed of the
heating agent. To study the distribution of material on the cross-sectional
surface, the work of one nozzle was studied. The nozzles work
independently of each other, and if the distribution function of the material
from one nozzle of a certain shape is assumed to be the same for nozzles
of the same shape, it is clear that the nozzle system will remain the same
in operation. First, the mass of the material in the nozzle (in kilograms)
was measured. Then the drum is rotated slowly. In order to experimentally
study the distribution function, 11 boxes were installed on the base. The
nozzle is initially loaded to the maximum with the material. Then the
device was set in motion at a certain speed. In this case, the material is
completely discharged from the nozzle during rotation, the mass of the
discharged material in each section of the sample box is weighed, and we
find the distribution function of the material depending on the rotation,
knowing the step of these sections. Such experiments were conducted for
different nozzle shapes and the packing efficiency was evaluated by
distribution function values. Examples of fertilizer spreading experiments
from nozzles are shown in the following pictures.
According to the scientific research, chemical mineral fertilizers are
considered the most necessary for each type of soil. Through this article,
we have provided some information on how to improve the quality of this
type of fertilizers and increase the efficiency of devices through new
technologies. Another interesting about that research, the main reason the
demand for this type of mineral raw materials is also important.
References:
1.
Axunboev, A., Muxamadsodikov, K., & Qoraboev, E. (2021).
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“O‘zbekistonda yer resurslarini boshqarishning ustuvor yo‘nalishlari: muammo va yechimlar”
Drying sludge in the drum.
Barqarorlik va yetakchi tadqiqotlar
onlayn ilmiy jurnali
,
1
(5), 149-153.
2.
Koraboev, E. (2022). Reliable performance and reasonable design
of drum dryer machine.
Science and innovation
,
1
(A7), 575-581.
3.
Ogli, K. E. V. (2022). The most important solution for improving
issues drum dryers.
International Journal of Advance Scientific
Research
,
2
(11), 83-89.
4.
Koraboev, E. (2022). Reliable performance and reasonable design
of drum dryer machine.
Science and innovation
,
1
(A7), 575-581.
FERMER XO‘JALIKLARI YER MAYDONLARINI
MAQBULLASHTIRISHGA TA’SIR ETADIGAN OMILLAR
TAHLILI
Muqumov A.M. –
katta o’qituvchi, TIQXMMI MTU
, Hamidov F.R. –
dotsent,
Buxoro tabiiy resurslarni boshqarish instituti,
Adizov Sh.V.
–
o’qituvchi,
Buxoro tabiiy resurslarni boshqarish instituti.
Annotatsiya.
Ushbu maqolada yer resurslaridan foydalanishda
hamda fermer xo’jaliklari faoliyati davrida duch keladigan omillar
to’grisida fikr yuritilgan. Fermer xo‘jaliklari yer maydonlarini
maqbullashtirish va unga ta’sir etadigan agroiqlim resurslari, aholi soni
va joylashuvi, yer va suv resurslari va transport kabi bir qator omillar
batafsil yoritilgan.
Kalit so’zlar:
yer resurslari, yerdan foydalanish, fermer
xo’jaliklari, maqbullashtirish, agroiqlim, tuproq unumdorligi.
Qishloq xo‘jaligining muhim tarmoqlaridan biri bo‘lmish fermer
xo‘jaligining faoliyatiga hamda yer maydonlarining joylashuviga ta’sir
etadigan bir qator omillar mavjud. Bu omillar o‘zining faoliyat doirasi va
kelib chiqish sabablari bilan xo‘jalikda yetarlicha o‘z ta’sirini o‘tkazadi.
Kо‘pchilik mutаxаssislаrning fikrlаrigа kо‘rа fermer xо‘jаliklаri
yerlаrdаn sаmаrаli fоydаlаlаnishni tаshkil qilish uchun birinchi nаvbаtdа
ulаrgа оptimаl yer mаydоnlаri biriktirilishi tаlаb qilinаdi. S.Аvezbоev vа
S.N.Vоlkоvlаrning fikrlаrigа kо‘rа, оptimаl mаydоn deb shundаy mаydоn
qаbul qilinishi kerаkki, undа bоshqаrish, ishlаb chiqаrish xаrаjаtlаri yо‘l
