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https://zenodo.org/records/10074869
RED- COLOUR IDIOMS IN THE KARAKALPAK AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES
Ametova Arzigul Ganibaevna,
PhD student of Nukus State Pedagogical Institute named after Ajiniyaz
Key words:
phraseology, idiom, colour term, red, conceptualization.
Introduction.
The cognitive approach to the notion of language means the world
conceptions, being the product of human consciousness, which are expressed by the forms of
language means, but the meanings of these forms are understood as the system of certain
knowledge and notions, described by these linguistic signs. During the latest investigations,
linguists state that cognitive approach to the linguistic study has been emphasized as a basis of
figurative characterization of idioms used with colour terms in the compared languages stands just
cognition. Thus, all the idioms are created as a result of cognitive processes directly influencing
on the conceptualization of reality, peculiar to this language and culture. Conceptualization is the
whole of information of figurative and non-literal meaning created in the process of cognition of
the world.
The article is focused on investigating idioms, formulated by colour adjective red in the
compared languages. In order to achieve the goal, descriptive and comparative-diachronic method
were used.
Basic Material.
An idiom
is a phrase or expression that usually presents a figurative, non-
literal meaning attached to the phrase. Some phrases, which become figurative idioms, however,
do retain the phrase's literal meaning. Categorized as formulaic language, an idiom's figurative
meaning is different from the literal meaning [1:495]. Idioms occur frequently in all languages;
statistical surveys show that in English language there are twenty-five million idiomatic
expressions approx. of practical use in everyday language. However, idioms are like linguistic
puzzles - they are phrases or expressions where the meaning is not what one would expect from
the individual words because idioms have their own special meanings that can be quite different.
Idioms have historical roots, cultural references, or origins in folklore. Some idioms can be
traced back to stories, ancient traditions, or significant events while others evolve over time and
reflect the ever-changing nature of language. Karakalpak linguist S. Akhmedov defines that “idiom
comes from Greek and in Karakalpak means “ózgeshelik” (feature or peculiarity) and cannot be
translated word by word or directly, which belong to very language” [2:61].
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Thus, it often results in a meaning that is quite different from the literal interpretation of
the words. As a result, each idiom has its unique, non-literal meaning, tied to cultural and
contextual nuances. Furthermore, idioms are specific to their language or culture and cannot
be translated directly into other languages. Therefore, using them effectively requires sensitivity
to context, as not all idioms are suitable for every situation.
Idioms show themselves as the result of our mutual experience with the surrounding us
environment. In the English and Karakalpak languages, a great majority of idioms having the color
words in the composition are of metaphoric character. Here features, belonging to different objects,
beings and notions are transferred onto the colors. Names of colors used within the composition
of idioms, sometimes reflecting universal and sometimes national colorings, are expressed by
figurative thinking of human beings. Names of colors reflect the features characteristic to the outer
appearance of the people; reflect the features peculiar to their characters, including the events and
notions, characteristic to them.
Linguists are far from certain how to measure complexity in a language. Even after
individual features have been recognized as relatively easy or difficult to learn, the weighting of
these features within a single language varies according to the theoretical framework assumed
[3:9]. Thus, I have decided to compare red-color idioms in Karakalpak and English languages. In
both languages
red
color expresses danger, warning shyness, excitement, a distinguished event
etc. These meanings of red color find their expressions in coloristic meanings as well.
Having been analyzed these two idioms given below, which contains
red
in compared
languages; we may conclude that, the colour red means the same meaning in both languages:
For instance, in Karakalpak language
beti qızarıw
means to flush, to become red, to redden
means to have a change of color in the face caused by shyness, or excitement
.
e.g.
Bul kúlkige uyalǵan jigit endi ne derin bilmey kók jelkesine sheyin
qızarıp
, balıqtı
sawırlap atırǵan óziniń sholanına qaray jol tarttı. (A. Begimov)
Likewise, in English language
be/go red in the face
also means
to flush, to become red, to
redden means to have a change of color in the face caused by shyness, or excitement.
e.g. He
was red in the face
from all of the mistakes he made while announcing the winners'
names.
Nevertheless, in the compared languages the word denoting
red
color acts as a part of the
following idiomatic expressions mean opposite meanings; in Karakalpak means beauty whereas
in English means a bad sun burn:
In Karakalpak language,
qızıl almaday
means positive meaning as to have a beautiful face as red
apple, especially women:
e.g. “Qız waǵıńda
qızıl almaday
ediń,
Atańnıń úyinde súrgen dáwranıń,” (I.Yusupov)
While in English language,
red as a lobster
means negative meaning like a bad sun burn:
e.g. “When Sandra came home from the beach; she was
as red as a lobster
after sitting in
the sun too much.”
During the investigation, I came across with the information that the compared languages
have the same idiom with the colour term
red-eye
of negative character but different in meaning:
Because in Karakalpak language,
kózi qızarıw
means to be angry or nervous;
e.g. Ol bul gáplerden keyin ızaǵa minip, kózleri qızarıp, ashıw menen bólmeden shıǵıp
ketti.
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Similarly, in English language
red –eye
(
also
red-eye flight
)
expresses a flight in a plane
at night, on which you cannot expect to get enough sleep;
e.g. Wecaught the
red-eye
from LA and got to New York at five this morning.
In the compared languages there are idioms, made of a name of a human organ and
red
,
expressing implicit meaning that only native speakers can understand; the following idioms have
negative meanings in both languages:
In Karakalpak language,
qızıl kegirdek
means to quarrel loudly;
e.g.
“Dúniyanı jańadan dúzeymiz desip,
Qızıl kegirdek
bop, qaralay óship,” (I.Yusupov)
Correspondingly, in English language
red-handed
is used to indicate that a person has
been discovered in or just after the act of doing something wrong or illegal;
e.g.
"He was caught
red-handed
, stealing a wallet"
Conclusion.
One may conclude that because of development of cognitive linguistics idiom
has begun to be studying as different from the traditional linguistics. Development of the languages
is the result of mutual relation of people with surrounding environment. Idioms being the product
of human consciousness have been specified, structuralized and conceptualized. Idioms in many
cases have been represented with different figurative expressions. Idioms in the composition of
which there are names of colors can be both of positive and negative character. Coloristic idioms
of positive and negative character are closely connected to the conceptual system of the mother
tongue and these grounds on the literary and associative notions, of the language bearers, on the
world.
REFERENCES:
1. Thomas Burns McArthur, Feri McArthur. The Oxford companion to the English language, -E:
Oxford University Press, 1992:495p
2. Ахметов С. Адебият терминлеринин кыскаша созлиги-Н: “Каракалпакстан”
баспасы,1972. - 61б
3. Albert C. Baugh and Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language Copyright 5th Edition,
L:2002:9p
4. Бегимов А. Балыкшынын кызы. -Н: Каракалпакстан.1980. - 201б
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85-93бб
6.
https://www.native-english.ru/idioms/as-red-as-a-lobster
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/red-eye
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/be-red-in-the-face
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/red-handed
PAREMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT “FAMILY/SHAŃARAQ” IN
ENGLISH AND KARAKALPAK LANGUAGES
Babadjanova Ayzada,
PhD student of Karakalpak State University
