MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-27
Часть–3_Июнь –2025
367
CONGRATULATIONS LETTERS AS A SPEECH GENRE ANALYIZED IN
UZBEK AND RUSSIAN DISCOURSE
Boyjonova Zarifa Roziqovna
Salimjonova Zarifa Salimjon qizi
Teacher at Polytechnic N. 2, Fergana region, Yozyovon district
Abstract. The objective of this article is to determine the role of the wishes
and in the speech genre ‘greetings’ in the process of evolving the English language
among advanced learners, the examples of stylistic dominants found in daily life were
identified and analyzed. In our article, the analysis of the scientific research
conducted on this term in Uzbek and Russian languages and its place in the field of
literature are highlighted.
Greetings and congratulations
in the speech genre are
studied from the positions of the lexico-semantic and stylistic.
Based on the analysis
of business letters published on company websites and in the media, typical lexical
groups: health, happiness, good luck in work, peace and harmony, light, warmth.
These dominances from-reflect the common values of peoples. The paper also
describes unique in each of the characteristics stylistic heterogeneity and stereotypes
characteristic of the internal culture of the spoken languages.
Key words:
Key words and phrases: speech genre; business letter;
congratulations, greetings; lexico-semantic dominants; wish; comparative aspect.
ПОЗДРАВИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПИСЬМА КАК РЕЧЕВОЙ ЖАНР,
АНАЛИЗИРОВАННЫЙ В УЗБЕКСКОМ И РУССКОМ ДИСКУРСЕ
Аннотация: Целью данной статьи является определение роли
пожеланий и в речевом жанре «приветствия» в процессе развития английского
языка среди продвинутых учащихся, выявлены и проанализированы примеры
стилистических доминант, встречающихся в повседневной жизни. В нашей
статье освещается анализ научных исследований, проведенных по данному
MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-27
Часть–3_Июнь –2025
368
термину в узбекском и русском языках, и его место в области литературы.
Приветствия и поздравления в речевом жанре изучаются с позиций лексико-
семантических и стилистических. На основе анализа деловых писем,
опубликованных на сайтах компаний и в СМИ, выявлены типичные лексические
группы: здоровье, счастье, удача в работе, мир и согласие, свет, тепло. Эти
доминанты отражают общие ценности народов. В статье также
описываются уникальные в каждой из характеристик стилистические
неоднородности и стереотипы, характерные для внутренней культуры
разговорных языков.
Ключевые слова: Ключевые слова и фразы: речевой жанр; деловое
письмо; поздравления, приветствия; лексико-семантические доминанты;
пожелание; сравнительный аспект.
In modern linguistic literature, genre research is one of the most relevant
directions. Following M. M. Bakhtin, we define speech genre (SG) as “relatively
stable clear thematic, compositional and stylistic types of statements” [1. p. 250]. The
speech genre “congratulations” is one of the manifestations of everyday
communication. "Greetings and congratulations" in taken as a written or oral greeting
for the addressee on a joyful and pleasant occasion, containing wishing good wishes.
“The congratulation situation scenario is one of those that are reactive reaction to
something good that has already happened in real life (there will come a nationwide
or family holiday, birthday, success, etc.)” [7. p. 207]. The speech genre "greetings"
has been studied by many linguists. N. I. Formanovskaya (1987), Yu. N. Marinin
(1996), T. V. Tarasenko (1999), V. V. Kashpur (2007), N. V. Nemchinova (2010), N.
V. Dudkina (2010), T. P. Sukhoteri on (2013) approached the description of this SG
from different angles: in the political aspect, in the personal comprehension, in the
official sphere, in the space of culture.
It should be noted that “Greetings” occupies a special place in the speech
genre.
Note that such actions how gratitude, congratulations, apologies, condolences,
regrets,
greetings,
refer
to
ex
MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-27
Часть–3_Июнь –2025
369
pressives, the illocutionary purpose of which is “to express the psychological state
given the condition of sincerity, with respect to the state of affairs defined within the
propositional content” [2.p. 183]. According to the typology of T. V. Shmeleva, four
classes of SG are distinguished: informative, evaluative, etiquette / performative,
imperative [8. p. 91]. According to T. IN. Tarasenko, speech genre " Greetings " is
included in the group of etiquette speech genres along with "thank you", "apology",
"condolence" [5.p.12]. N. A. Trofimova distinguishes from expressive speech acts
speech acts in “Greetings”, “wish” and “apology” and classifies them as sociatives.
“Sociatives are speech acts of expression recognition by the speaker of the listener as
a member of the same social group with the speaker, expressed in the divided standard
situations” [6.p. 22]. Thus, the SG
"Greetings" has a bright specificity expressions of emotions and feelings and
conventional nature, regulates interpersonal relationships, both in etiquette genres and
in expressive genres. "letter of congratulations " as a type of official business letters
occupies a special place in intercultural communications. The main purpose of this
SG is to evoke positive emotions (creating a good mood of the partner, awakening of
the emotional response of the addressee). “Written business communication plays the
most important role in the coordination of managerial, communication, information
processes of the enterprise, and is also a means of forming a professional image”
[3.p.10]. Letter of congratulation in the business sphere serves to maintain the prestige
of the organization and contact with employees and partners, reflects the attitudes of
employees, influences the interest of employees in moving forward. SG "Greetings
and congratulations" in the official business style is characterized by both linguistic
properties and national cultural specificity - their study helps to deepen the
understanding of the semantic and structural features. Part1 given the speech genre in
different languages, as well as to some extent to understand individual fragments of
the picture of the world of the people, his value orientations in business relationships.
Therefore, it is so important to identify the similarities and differences of the language
features and etiquette formulas. In different language situations, people choose words,
combinations of words, style and genre of presentation for expression of their
MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-27
Часть–3_Июнь –2025
370
thoughts, desires and feelings. “Greetings as a phenomenon of ritual and festive
culture, etiquette is a complex of rituals, values, foundations, norms. This is a special
kind folk culture, reflecting its national characteristics, this is folk art, a way of self-
of a human being” [4.p. 636]. Consider individual stylistic, phraseological features
and lexical-semantic dominants of business congratulations in Russian and Uzbek,
determined by national and cultural value preferences. In Russian and greetings,
lexical incarnations differ, reflecting the value system accepted by this people. In this
regard, in many languages like Uzbek, Russian greetings and congratulations taken
from the open of that public correspondence, on the websites of official companies,
or in the media, we have identified the following lexical semantic dominants of
wishes.
1. Health is always in the center of human attention.
This is one of the
most common wishes both in, Russian and Uzbek. In the text of a Russian business
greeting, the word health is more often associated with energy and strength, which
are important indicators of health. In metaphorical phrases Siberian health,
inextinguishable strength, inexhaustible energy reflects the national and cultural
specificity. In Siberia it is cold, the inhabitants of this region courageously endure
severe frosts; Siberian health is a symbol of energy flexible, physically strong person.
2. Happiness is the goal, position, and way of life in many nationalities.
Each of us strives for happiness, independence from nationality. But happiness
manifests itself in congratulations in different ways. In Uzbek, the words happiness
(spiritual) and well-being (material) in one phrase are mutually connected. This is
reflected in the fact that, to some extent, material security is the basis of happiness.
and corresponds to the etymology of the word: part, share in life. And in the Russian
language they often meet the wish of a personal a lot of happiness.
3. Good luck at work.
The prototypical meaning of the word luck in Russian
and Uzbek is connected with the verb to give. Chance and fate brings good luck and
success to a person, makes him happy. In business greetings, the relationship between
the author and the addressee is business, or partnership, therefore a component of the
letter becomes a wish for career growth in work (success, good luck). Watching lyrics
MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-27
Часть–3_Июнь –2025
371
greetings, we noticed that people appreciate further success, stability and fruitfulness
work. A metaphorical synonym for prosperity is used.
Conclusion
. Thus, a letter of congratulations as one of the subgenres of
business letters in Russian and Uzbek performs regulatory and contact-supporting
functions in business communication. The speech genre greetings refers to both
etiquette and expressive genre. Letter of greetings not only has a stylistic,
phraseological specificity, which is manifested in the use of historicisms -
wenyanisms, special words reflecting self-humiliation and respect, and
phraseological units, but also differently lexically explicates the value orientations in
the national culture of peoples. Comparatively-compared positive analysis allowed us
to find differences and similarities in the lexical and phraseological design this genre,
which made it possible to reveal some features of national pictures of the world. The
common values- Russian and Uzbek people are health, happiness, good luck in work,
peace and harmony, light, warmth. The practical significance of the work lies in the
fact that such a study will improve mutual understanding peoples of the two countries
and will help a business person to choose more options for official wishes, which
which will meet or raise the recipient's expectations and effectively influence him.
REFERENCES:
1. Bakhtin M. M. Aesthetics of verbal creativity / comp. S. G. Bocharov; text
prepared. G. S. Bernshtein and L. V. Deryugina; note S. S. Averintseva and S. G.
Bocharova. 2nd edition. Moscow: Art, 1986
2. Searl J. Classification of illocutionary acts / per. from English. V. Z. Demyankova
// New in foreign linguistics.M.: Progress, 1986. Issue. 17. Theory of speech acts.
3. Stebletsova A. O. National specificity of business discourse in the field of higher
education (on the material of the English language and Russian-language written
communication): author. diss. philol. n. Volgograd, 2015.
4. Sukhoterina T. P. “Congratulations” as a genre of natural written Russian speech
in the space of culture // Concept and culture: materials of the III Intern. scientific
conf. (Kemerovo, March 27-28, 2008) / otv. ed. L. P. Prokhorova. Kemerovo, 2008
MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-27
Часть–3_Июнь –2025
372
5. Tarasenko T. V. Etiquette genres of Russian speech: gratitude, apology,
congratulations, condolences: author. diss. ... k. philol. n. Krasnoyarsk, 1999.
6. Trofimova N. A. Expressive speech acts in dialogic discourse. St. Petersburg:
VVM, 2008.
7. Formanovskaya N. I. Speech etiquette in Russian communication. Theory and
practice. M.: VK, 2009.
8. Shmeleva T. V. Model of speech genre // Genres of speech: collection of scientific
articles. Saratov: College, 1997. Issue. 1. S.
