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"
THE CONCEPT OF NOMINATION AND ISSUES OF
TERMINOLOGICAL NOMINATION"
Gulzebo Nuraliyeva
DTPI ingliz tili oʻqituvchisi
Murodbek Abduraximov Baxtiyor o’g’li
Tel:+998978508004
murodabdurakhimov422@gmail.com
DTPI xorijiy til va adabiyoti: ingliz tili yoʻnalishi talabasi
Abdullayeva Tursinoy Xolyorovna
Tel: +998888482404
abdullayevat986@gmail.com
DTPI xorijiy til va adabiyoti: ingliz tili yoʻnalishi talabasi
ABSTRACT: This article examines general issues of terminology and terms.
As a result of our research, it was found that in linguistics, "terminology" is
considered a separate scientific field, and the "term" forms its main unit. The study
explores its place in language, various definitions given by linguists, and its
characteristics. The aim of the research is to study the general issues of “term” and
“terminology” based on European and Arabic sources.
Key words: Nomination, Terminological nomination, Term formation,
Linguistic nomination, Terminology,
АННОТАЦИЯ: В данной статье рассматриваются общие вопросы
терминологии и терминов. В результате проведённых исследований
установлено, что в лингвистике «терминология» рассматривается как
отдельная научная дисциплина, а «термин» составляет её основную единицу.
Изучено место терминов в языке, различные определения и характеристики,
данные лингвистами. Цель исследования — изучить общие вопросы,
касающиеся понятий «термин» и «терминология» на основе европейских и
арабских источников.
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ABSTRACT: Ushbu maqolada, terminologiya va terminlarning umumiy
masalalari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Olib borilgan izlanishlarimiz natijasida, tilshunoslikda
terminologiya alohida ilmiy fan va termin uning asosiy birligini tashkil etishi, uni
tildagi o’rni va tilshunos olimlarning unga bergan turli xil ta'riflari, xususiyatlar
o’rganib chiqildi. Tadqiqot ishining maqsadi, Yevropa va Arab manbalarga
tayanagan holda termin va terminologiyani umumiy masalalarini o’rganib chiqish.
Introduction
Terminology, as a scientific field, emerged in the 20th century and is
considered a source for enriching the lexical composition of the Arabic language (as
with any other language). Terms form the terminological core that constitutes its main
units. Literary Arabic, in turn, is divided into lexical units known as "[al-Lug’at ul-
’Amma] (general language) and [al-Lug’at ul-Mutaxassyiso] (specialized language).
If phonetics, stylistics, and grammar are present in both the general and specialized
languages of any scientific field, the vocabulary structure still differs. Therefore, we
distinguish between two concepts: general vocabulary and specialized
(terminological) vocabulary. Even the lexical composition of one terminological
system differs from another, which is why this holds an important place in any
language and its universality continues to attract the attention of lexicologists,
linguists, and terminologists.
Terminologist S.V. Grineva stated: The rapid growth of scientific and
technical knowledge today proves that over 90% of new words in modern languages
form specialized vocabulary. The number of terms in different fields continues to
grow rapidly, and new terms are constantly being created. As a result, terms are being
increasingly used outside their original fields. This shows that today even scientific
fields like chemistry and biology use specialized terminology, and that even terms not
previously classified as specialized can now be used in a specialized context. This, in
turn, demonstrates the accelerated development of specialized vocabulary.
Methodology
Thus, special terminology consists of special terms, and the number of special
terms is directly connected to scientific fields. For example, terms used in informatics,
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chemistry, biology, and geography. Typically, the specificity of terms in special
vocabulary is tied to the fact that their usage is limited and purposeful. Therefore,
such terms might be incomprehensible to non-professionals.
The vocabulary composed of terms and other lexical units forms an easily
organized lexical layer.
It is clearly stated that this is directly related to "the development of language
and the historical connection between the material and spiritual culture of a nation."
However, defining a term as part of special vocabulary is still a pressing issue,
because special vocabulary includes only lexical units that are directly tied to the term.
From this perspective, the term term is understood as a general concept and
has a single accepted formula. Terminologist I. Atanasov attempted to define all
definitions of the term, identifying about 3000 definitions. The uniqueness of the
definition may be due to several factors: the large number of definitions may not
convey a single meaning; the expansion of the definition of the term due to scientific
development; and different disciplines offering their own definitionssociology or
logic, philosophy or linguistics. In linguistics, even different research schools have
their own definitions, as noted by V.P. Danilenko and B.N. Golovin.
In Arabic, the word term and its closest equivalents in terminology and
terminological issues are also clearly defined. Arab linguists and terminologists have
created glossaries that benefit from both Arabic and Russian terminologies.
A linguistic dictionary provides the following definition:
Term (from Latin terminus boundary, limit) a word or phrase used in a
specific field of knowledge with a particular meaning. The term differs from common
vocabulary due to its precise definition and usage within a specific system
(terminology). A term is a word or phrase created for naming concepts and signs in a
specialized way. Examples of Arabic sources that mention the word term include
Lisan al-’Arab, Taj al-’Arus), al-Mujam al-Muhit ( , and al-Islah) [al-Islah]
Recource
"A term is a special word or expression adopted for use in professional
activities and in special conditions. A term is a designation of a concept included in
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the system of a certain field of professional knowledge". "This term is a linguistic
sign that defines a concept and names an object, is fixed in a certain system of
concepts, has an additional definition; linguistically traditional, syntagmatically
independent and, by its systemic-logical nature, is devoid of connotation". "Terms are
words and expressions with a nominative meaning denoting special concepts of
science, technology, art and other separate areas of human activity". "A term is the
main lexical nominative unit (words or expressions) of a special language, adopted to
accurately name special concepts". "A term is any linguistic unit consisting of a
simple or compound term, as well as naming a specific concept within a field" [6]. "A
term is the main means of education, institution and development". This is only a
small part of all existing definitions. However, in order to give a precise definition of
a term, it is necessary to take into account its properties and requirements, along with
its definitions.
Analyse
Let's look at a number of features of the term that are common among many
terminology researchers:
- specialization (relating to a specific field): the term refers to a specialized
language;
- definability: the term does not give a name, but defines a concept;
-systematicity: the term is consolidated in a certain terminology system and
associated with it;
- agreement: the relationship between the form of a term and its content;
non-emotional and objective term;
- indifference to context: for a term, only the terminology in which it exists is
important;
terminological ambiguity, etc.
As a result of the analysis of works reflecting the requirements, the
classification of S.V. Grinev according to the requirements for the term came close to
us. Accordingly, we will consider each of these requirements in three ways (syntactic,
semantic and pragmatic) according to its specific aspect:
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a) Requirements for the form of the term (syntactic aspect):
compliance with language standards;
brevity: lexical, formal brevity;
> derivative ability
> immutability of terms.
b) requirements for the content of the term (semantic aspect):
> the uniqueness of a term in a given terminology system;
> fullness;
> consistency of semantics;
> lack of synonyms.
c) requirements determined by the specifics of the use of the term (pragmatic
aspect):
> implementation (general acceptance and use);
> internationalization;
> demand of the time
Discussion:
M.F. Hijazi mḥmwd) fhmy ḥjazy ( in his al-Usus ul-Lughawiyya
li'llm il-Muşţalah] (Linguistic Foundations of Terminology) conducted a
comparative analysis of the word "term" in various European languages. The scientist
noted that similar forms of spelling and pronunciation are used to describe the word
"term". So, English - term, German terminus or termin, French terme, Italian termine,
Spanish termino, Portuguese termo, Finnish termi, Czech, Russian, Slovak termin" .
A number of researchers attribute the origin and meaning of this word to Latin, others
to Greek.
In Arabic terminology, the word "term" is used in two words - al-Muşţalah[
and al-Işţilaah]. They are synonyms derived from the verb
A.V. Superanskaya and co-authors proposed to call the science that studies
terms, a set of terms, or the doctrine of terms "terminology" or "theory of
terminology"
Also in Arabic]'Ilm ul-Muşţolah Ilmul-Istilah
There are several variants, such as ]al-Muşţolahiya Ilmul-Mustolahāt].
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In short, only after the formation and consolidation of terminological units,
the origins of which go back centuries, does a terminological system develop in a
language in the form of a combination of terms into thematic groups. This means that
the development of terminology cannot be carried out solely on the basis of direct
borrowing or adaptation of special words, but terminology is also carried out in other
ways.
REFERENCES
1. Atanasova I. O kharacteristice termina // ofitsialnyy site balkanskoy rusistiki
http://www.russian.slavica.org/article1190.html
2. Grinev S.V. Vvedenie v terminovedenie. M.: Moscow Lyceum,
3. 1993.
4. Lingvisticheskiy entsiklopedicheskiy slovar/ Gl. ed. V. N. Yartseva. M.: Sov.
encyclopedia, 1990.
5. Slovar po yazykoznaniyu. / Pod obshch. ed. E.D. Suleimenova. Almaty: Gylym,
1998.
6. Superanskaya A.V., Podolskaya N.V., Vasileva N.V. Obshchaya
7. Terminology: Voprosy teorii. M.: Nauka, 2003.
