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ARTISTIC PSYCHOLOGISM IN PROSE WORKS
Salimova Raykhona Burkhon qizi
2nd year student of the Department of Philology,
Gulistan State University (Uzbek language)
e-mail: salimovarayxona00@gmail.com
Anotation: This article provides detailed information about literary
psychologism, and the protagonist's inner experiences and character are revealed
through analytical insights
Key words: research on literary psychologism, inner monologue, character,
psychological analysis research, practical course.
Literature is one of the most powerful tools for reflecting the human soul, its
experiences and inner world. By deeply revealing the human psyche in works of art,
writers further enhance the impact of their works. Based on this, artistic
psychologism is considered one of the important criteria in literary criticism. Artistic
psychologism is a subtle descriptive skill aimed at revealing the essence of the image
by describing the inner experiences and mental state of the hero.
Artistic psychologism is the psychological justification of the character's
psyche, actions, and words, and it includes a number of methods and means that
serve to reveal the character’s psyche.
Khurshid Do‘stmuhammad, who discovered new facets in his works, has
many unique features. His novels, stories, and short stories have a style and content
that are not found in other works. Many of the writer's works are included in the new
modernist direction. In Khurshid Do`stmuhammad’s story “Oromkursi”, we can see
unique styles, like in some of his works. We encounter events that cannot be
understood at first reading. Sometimes we cannot understand them. Basically, the
events in this work occur in accordance with the state of a person's psyche. First, if
we pay attention to the theme of the work, the word “Oromkursi” is one of the main
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elements in the story. Through “oromkursi”, the writer actually means the course of
action. That is, the style of expressing multiple meanings in words is also leading in
contemporary literature. Also, in this story, people who are career-oriented, money-
oriented, and career-oriented are condemned. For example, some people strive for
career and career without even thinking about their own lives.
Abdulgafur Rasulov in his article “Enjoying the Rain of Intercession”
touched upon this story of Khurshid Dostmuhammad: “To fall in love with an object
from the heart, to become a slave to it, to lose one’s identity is a new issue in our
literature. More precisely, the stinginess, materialism, and spiritual emptiness that
are now widespread among people are severely condemned in “Oromkursi”. The
hero of the story, Koklam Tongotarov, falls in love with the Oromkursi. Wherever
he sees the Oromkursi, he cannot control himself. He sees the Oromkursi in different
guises, treats him as if he were a person. He loves him more than his own life, is
offended by him, and resents him. Koklam Tongotarov constantly thinks about the
Oromkursi that occupies his mind. No matter how much he wants to get rid of it He
cannot get rid of it. He considers this condition to be a disease. He knew that his
father also had this disease. Koklam Tongotarov lives in one of the apartments where
married people are allowed to live. The presence of an armchair in his room is a
requirement. His mind and perception are focused only on the armchair: “The white
armchair looked even whiter in the semi-dark room, and as if that were not enough,
it radiated light from itself, as if it were illuminated by the rays of a lamp, and in
Koklam’s eyes it looked like a girl sitting with her bare knees and arms clasped…”
Who was one of the first to conduct research on the subject of psyche in
Russian literary criticism, Chernyshevsky: “Psychological analysis can be diverse.
One author tries to reveal the character traits, another shows the influence of society
and life on the formation of character; thirdly, the relationship of actions with
feelings; fourthly, describes the analysis of passions”. [1]. Uzbek literary scholars
have been conducting research on the issue of artistic psychologism and
psychological analysis since the second half of the 20th century. N. Shodiyev’s “The
Mastery of Psychological Analysis in the Works of Abdulla Qahhor”, Kh. Umurov’s
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doctoral dissertation “The Problem of Psychological Analysis in Uzbek Novels”, P.
Kenjayev’s “Principles of Describing the Hero’s Soul in Contemporary Uzbek
Stories”, M. Bobokhonv’s candidate dissertation “Artistic Psychologism in
Contemporary Uzbek Stories” are among them.
In the story "Oromkursi" by Khurshid Dostmuhammad, the main character's
artistic psychologism is presented in the form of an "internal monologue", which is
the characters' unmodified, internal speech, and is conditionally perceived as a
process of thinking (feeling) taking place in his mind [2]. The main character of the
work, Koklamali Tongotarov, is a young man who has come to the city and enjoyed
the happiness of a student. Seeing his teacher's oratory (practical)
When Koklamali treated the armchair with such gentleness, as if he were
treating a delicate girl, he repeatedly tried to contradict his inner “I”: “What am I
doing?”, “Hey, open your eyes!..What kind of a young man are you?!” But he could
not do it: “...he wanted to scold him, but the armchair groaned like a wounded deer.
Koklamboy, with a flattery that did not suit his slender and tall div, quickly got
used to it and patted the armchair on the shoulder, and, forgetting his unbridled
desires, sank heavily into the chair…”[4].
Koklamali spent his days in a state of seclusion, not to mention writing his
annual plan on paper, he forgot to write a letter to his mother, his promise to the old
woman who was his tenant, and even to eat. Here, the writer alludes to the fact that
a person who is in love with the ladder of action forgets the true meaning of life
without devoting enough time to his loved ones. The story contains several
characters and their speeches that give Koklamali a bad name and are aimed at
warning him. The most characteristic of them is: Nazirov, after having summoned
his disciple for a long time, when he sees him arrive, he gives him a heartfelt advice:
"Every young man has luck, Koklamali... At first, such luck comes, a person gets
used to it, then a greater one is born. Many a person's back bends from the sudden
luck... People who are honest and sensible, for example, take up a lowly position
and immediately grab the chair they see. If they grab it, then they will not lose their
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position, leaving aside their duties and responsibilities. A person who rubs the skirt
of his chair in his eyes will not turn back from any meanness..."[5].
Nazirov Damla's sudden words were a wake-up call for Koklamali. In
addition, there were also advice from his mother, who wrote a letter, and from the
landlady, but these were also ineffective.
Koklamali's nature clearly shows flaws such as inability to fight against
himself and indecision. He tries to change several times, realizing that his actions
are stupid, but he cannot do it. He decides to go to his village and get married. He
thinks that he will have a son or a daughter. After that, he involuntarily intends for
his son to take the same path of action. Then he breaks out in a cold sweat and feels
disgusted with himself. Because, when he was born, he heard that his father, Janobali
Tongotarov, had the same intention, he remembers that. He does not want his
descendants to be a victim of the course of action. As a countermeasure, he jumps
from the balcony of the ninth floor with a chair. The conclusion is that people who
are jealous of the prestige of the world are doomed to destruction, like Koklamali.
Only chasing prestige and not being able to control themselves in time ruin a person.
Koklamali considered the cure for such an “infectious disease” to be death. If only
he could have recovered from this “disease” by fighting against his own ego and
following the advice of his loved ones.
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