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40
WHAT ARE THE PROPERTIES OF THE GLASS USED FOR
STAINED GLASS
Namangan Pedagogical Institute
Master's Degree
1st year student of the Fine Arts Department
Mamatkhanova Barno
Annotatsiya: Vitraj san’ati nafaqat yorug‘lik va ranglarning uyg‘unligi, balki
o‘ziga xos materiallar majmuasidan ham tashkil topgan. Vitraj yaratishda
ishlatiladigan materiallar va ularning xossalari bu san’at asarining sifatini,
chidamliligini hamda estetik qiyofasini belgilaydi. Ushbu maqolada vitrajda keng
qo‘llaniladigan asosiy materiallar, ularning xususiyatlari, afzalliklari va
kamchiliklari haqida ma'lumotlar berilgan.
Kalit so‘zlar: vitraj, materiallar, rang-barang materiallar, shisha, yorug‘lik,
maxsus pigmentlar, bezak elementi.
Аннотация: Витражное искусство — это не только сочетание света
и цвета, но и уникальный набор материалов. Материалы, используемые при
создании витража, и их свойства определяют качество, долговечность и
эстетичный вид этого произведения искусства. В статье представлена
информация об основных материалах, широко используемых в витраже, их
свойствах, преимуществах и недостатках.
Ключевые слова: витраж, материалы, красочные материалы, стекло,
свет, специальные пигменты, декоративный элемент.
Abstract: Stained glass art is not only a combination of light and color, but
also a unique set of materials. The materials used in creating stained glass and their
properties determine the quality, durability and aesthetic appearance of this work of
art. This article provides information about the main materials widely used in stained
glass, their properties, advantages and disadvantages.
MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-27
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Keywords: stained glass, materials, colorful materials, glass, light, special
pigments, decorative element.
INTRODUCTION
The most basic and widely used material in stained glass is glass. Glass is
distinguished by its brightness, colorfulness and light-passing property. Glass can be
of different colors and thicknesses, allowing artists to make their works rich and
colorful. The glass material has the ability to transfer light, which makes it possible
for the stained glass to play with light in the interior. There are different types of glass,
among which species stand out, such as colored glass, white glass, matte glass, as well
as textured glass. Colored glass is produced using special pigments, and their color
can vary depending on the light. Matte glass softens the light, giving the eye a pleasant
and delicate look, while textured glass diffuses light with patterns on its surface and
gives the stained glass a unique decoration. The main properties of glass are its
strength, the degree of Light transfer and the accuracy of colors. At the same time,
Glass has the property of fragility, that is, it can be more resistant to external
influences, especially shocks. For this reason, special frames and metal profiles are
used to protect and strengthen stained glass works.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Another important material used in stained glass is metal profiles. They are
mainly made of iron, copper, tin or copper-tin alloy. Metal profiles act as a
combination of glass pieces in the stained glass and keep them strong. The strength
and ductility of the metal are important in maintaining the shape of the stained glass.
Iron profiles are often thick and durable, and are used in heavy and large stained glass.
Copper, on the other hand, is characterized by its corrosion resistance and aesthetic
appearance, it is also often used as decorative elements. Metal profiles can be easily
bent and brought into different shapes, which makes it convenient to create complex
patterns. At the same time, special paints or coatings are used to protect metal profiles
from Rust. Another important component used in stained glass is additional
decorative materials. These materials include colored films, a special film that can be
glued to pieces of glass, and enriched pigments. Colored films are used to give the
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glass additional color and texture. They change the nature of light transmission and
give the stained glass a more lively look. Special pigments, on the other hand, are
applied to or added to the surface of the bottle, increasing the stability and brightness
of the colors. Such pigments do not lose their color for a long time and resist the
harmful effects of sunlight.[1]
There are other materials used in the stained glass. For example, to increase
the strength of the stained glass, special layers are sometimes placed between the
pieces of glass. These layers make the glass more resistant and protect it against
shocks. Also, silicone and other adhesives used in stained glass play an important role
in firmly attaching glass fragments to metal profiles. They are elastic and long-lasting,
so the durability and strength of the stained glass increases.[2]
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The properties of the materials used in stained glass determine their technical
and aesthetic aspects. Glass has basic properties such as light conduction, color
reflection, and strength, while metal profiles are important in giving structural
strength and shape. Additional decorative materials, on the other hand, enhance the
splendor of the stained glass and give it originality. Each material has its own
advantages and disadvantages, so when creating a stained glass, it is very important
to choose them correctly and adapt them to each other.[3]
Modern technologies have expanded the quality and capabilities of the
materials used in the stained glass. Currently, special sturdy glass types are produced
for stained glass, which are highly shock-resistant and long-lasting. Also, with the
help of new pigments and films, it is ensured that the colors are more vibrant and
stable. For metal profiles, however, anti-corrosion coatings and light alloys are being
developed, which will extend the service life of the stained glass. The environmental
aspects of the materials used in stained glass art are also considered important. Many
modern manufacturers are focusing on the use of environmentally friendly, recyclable
and non-toxic materials. This ensures that the stained glass is not only aesthetically
and technically, but also environmentally sustainable. Glass used for stained glass art
has its own characteristics that ensure its quality and aesthetic aspects. Stained glass
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should be mainly capable of passing light. This feature serves the main purpose of the
stained glass, since it is necessary that the light passed through the stained glass looks
colorful and vibrant, radiating a beautiful and original light into the interior. The
passage of light through the glass, its colors and saturation determine the overall
appearance of the stained glass. The glass used for stained glass is of different colors,
these colors are added to the glass itself using special pigments. The depth and
brightness of the colors depends on the quality of the bottle, and it is important that it
retains its color for a long time. Colors can vary depending on the light and create
different effects, which increases the beauty of stained glass art. Sometimes a special
texture or pattern is applied on the glass, which further enriches the light distribution
and lighting effects.[4]
The thickness and strength of the bottle are also important for the stained
glass. Since stained glass is usually fragile, special frames and metal profiles are used
to protect it. These frames protect the glass from external shocks, temperature changes
and other mechanical influences. The thickness of the bottle ensures its durability and
strength, and also determines the overall weight of the stained glass. When the glass
is too thin, it can absorb quickly, while when it is too thick, the ability to pass light
decreases. Glass intended for stained glass is of high quality, does not lose its color
in the long term and is resistant to light. It should be able to withstand external
influences such as sunlight, temperature changes and humidity. Also, special coatings
can be applied on the surface of the glass, which increases its durability and protects
it from dust, moisture and other harmful factors. Aesthetic aspects of glass are also
important. The glass used for the stained glass should be of different shapes and sizes,
making them easy to cut and shape. It helps artists create intricate and delicate
patterns. Also, the flatness or texture of the glass surface affects the overall
appearance of the stained glass. Textured glass softens the light and creates subtle
effects, which ensures that the stained glass is original and unique. In general, glass
used for stained glass should have properties such as light transfer, variety, strength,
durability and aesthetic appearance. These properties ensure that the stained glass
retains its elegance and beauty for a long time. Also, when creating complex and
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Выпуск журнала №-27
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delicate patterns of stained glass art, it is important that the glass is of good quality
and fit. Therefore, when choosing glass for stained glass, it will be necessary to pay
attention to all its technical and aesthetic parameters.[5]
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the materials used in the stained glass form the basis of this
work of art. Glass material plays an important role in conducting light and providing
variety, while metal profiles serve to strengthen the structure of the stained glass.
Additional decorative materials, on the other hand, give the stained glass originality
and beauty. Given modern technologies and environmental requirements, the quality
and capabilities of the materials used in the stained glass are constantly increasing.
Therefore, in the art of stained glass, it is important to correctly select materials and
deeply understand their properties. This ensures not only aesthetic beauty, but also
the long service life of the stained glass.
REFERENCES
1. Abdullayev, M. (2022). “Modern stained glass art and its materials”. Tashkent:
San’at Publishing House.
2. Rustamov, S. (2023). “The use of stained glass in architecture and design”.
Tashkent: Construction and design.
3. Qodirov, A. (2021). “Glass materials and their properties”. Tashkent: Publishing
House of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan.
4. Tursunov, B. (2020). “History of stained glass art and modern technologies”.
Samarkand: Publishing House of Culture.
5. Karimova, N. (2024). “Colored glass and stained glass in construction”. Tashkent:
Technique and technology.
6. Islamov, D. (2022). “Physical and chemical properties of glass”. Tashkent: Institute
of Chemistry of Uzbekistan.
7. Yusupova, L. (2023). “Strength and durability of glass for stained glass”. Bukhara:
Construction and architecture.
