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USING CREATIVE APPROACHES IN TEACHING FOLK CRAFTS
AND ART DESIGN
Teacher of the Nizami State University of Uzbekistan-D.A.Rajabova
Abstract:This article describes the forms and means of using creative
approaches in the teaching of folk crafts in technology classes.
Key words: modern education, verbal, pattern, non-verbal, visual, audio,
form, natural, technology, system,innovation, abilities, skill, creative, folk, art,
creativity, design.
In our country, extensive work is being done on the reform of the vocational
education system based on modern educational trends, and special attention is being
paid to the training of qualified personnel by increasing its efficiency. is considered
an integral part of ati. On the other hand, folk applied art is very much combined with
the fields of folk crafts and has a lot of overlapping aspects. Especially in the
education system, the interrelationship and mutual strengthening of these branches of
applied science is one of the important factors in providing artistic education and
training to students.
Various educational activities play an important role in the students'
acquisition of knowledge, concepts and imaginations in various fields and areas of
technological education.Due to the practical significance of technology science and
its direct and integral connection with production, it is very important to conduct
various educational activities with the participation of children.
Forming, developing and strengthening the students' theoretical knowledge,
imagination and understanding of the production and labor process, practical skills
and qualifications, as well as direct participation in the productive work process. More
than 20 types of educational activities have a great role in ensuring their achievement.
In the labor practice of folk crafts, students perform the following
technological tasks (operations):
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1. Preparation of various materials for processing - cutting, cleaning, polishing
of wooden materials to the required dimensions, making eyes, leveling materials,
making threads and ropes from wool and cotton for carpet making;
2. Preparation of the necessary equipment, for example, the workplace of
weavers in carpet making, sword, hammer, pitchfork, urchuk, scissors, etc.; mortars,
plasters, scalpel, knife, bowl, water, etc. in hankhkor;
3. Planning or marking - determining the necessary sizes and shapes in
woodworking, drawing shapes, preparing shaped parts (for example, determining the
size of shaped legs, columns, upper boards in the preparation of chairs, chairs);
4. Carrying out various cutting operations - stacking wood in wood carving,
metal plates in metal carving, wire and non-ferrous metals in jewelry, gauzes in
sewing hats, cloaks and other national clothes, threads in silk industry, metal plates in
tin making, etc ;
5. Joining - various parts in the manufacture of saddles and harnesses, various
beams in building construction, wooden parts, wooden metal parts in crate-making,
knife bases and handles in knife-making, etc.;
6. Finishing - considered one of the final operations in the preparation of items
in folk crafts, it includes works such as painting, polishing, sewing, measuring,
grinding.
It is important to observe the accuracy of processing details (parts of the
product) in folk crafts and its various fields. It is assumed that the shapes and patterns
found in folk crafts are not of precise
geometric dimensions, but of different curves
and angles, creative, national character. The fact that the forms and patterns found in
folk handicrafts do not have exact angular geometric dimensions, creative and
national character leads to the size of details, the quality of preparation, and the
absence of specific state requirements, templates and standards. The quality and
accuracy of the dimensions of the products are the main measuring criteria, and the
products prepared by skilled, highly qualified folk craftsmen and the ways and
working methods are used. The trainings organized on folk crafts, the leaders of the
circle should determine the requirements themselves, in agreement with the
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methodological council of the educational institution, assuming that the labor
activities in this direction are practical and productive, manual labor. .When creating
requirements for the accuracy of detail processing, it is necessary to take into account
that production tasks are individual in nature, and correspond to the age, mental, and
psychophysiological characteristics of students.
In folk crafts, it is manifested in cases where labor is performed correctly. For
example, in hankhkor: correctly drawing and marking the image of the shape being
made and the size of the drawing. Proper preparation of the surface of the product to
which the ganch mixture is glued; Accurately and correctly prepare the design of the
pattern; Preparation of ganch mixture, gluing and cutting tools based on it, proper
holding and efficient use; Observance of economy in cutting patterns and shapes,
performing correct work actions; To be able to perform delicate movements in the
finishing of shapes and patterns, to use polishing tools and materials correctly;
Compliance with labor safety rules in folk crafts is one of the main guarantees of
preserving the health and working ability of craftsmen in practical and production
activities and extending the service life of labor tools. Strict adherence to safety rules,
in addition to increasing labor productivity, prevents various injuries and occupational
diseases.
Students' creativity is divided into 4 levels:
1. News for them;
2. The field of science, news for specialists;
3. Nationwide news;
4. A new discovery.
In order to bring students to the level of creativity, it is necessary to teach them
to search and acquire knowledge more independently. The most important thing here
is to make each student confident in his own abilities. For this purpose, it is necessary
to include a lot of special creative tasks in the educational process, to form students'
educational-theoretical, construction, repair, new items, devices activities.
Special tools are necessary for the implementation of pedagogical
technologies in the teaching of folk crafts and art design. The tools used in each
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pedagogical technology are generally similar, and there are many types. They can be
conditionally divided into the following types: verbal, non-verbal, visual, audio,
natural, educational materials and school equipment.
Verbal tools are based on information. These are information expressed in
words, and in order to express them through words, the teacher must have mastered
it, that is, he must have knowledge about this information. In other words, the verbal
tools of pedagogical technologies are made up of information at the level of the
teacher's knowledge. Therefore, the participation of only the student and the teacher
in the educational process is no longer enough.
Another necessary condition for the implementation of modern education is
the creation of conditions in which every student and teacher can freely use
information sources on educational subjects, including the types that allow quick and
convenient use of new information technologies. In other words, in order to provide
quality education, it is necessary to organize the activity of a third party, which
consists of two traditional parties - a service that provides the necessary information
to the student and the teacher.
This direction is called the direction of introduction of information
technologies into the educational process. Expressing this information in logical
forms that students can understand constitutes verbal communication between the
student and the teacher.
There are different forms of verbal communication, the main of which are
speech, lecture, conversation, answering questions, debate, discussion, negotiation,
reporting, advice, advice, advice, rebuke, congratulations, greeting, farewell, etc.
includes.
Non-verbal means are to express or emphasize a meaning through gestures,
hand and div movements. Non-verbal communication tools are extremely important
and cannot be replaced by anything else. Each human action has a certain meaning,
and these actions are understood differently in different nations. It is accepted to call
these actions non-verbal speech. Non-verbal speech is carried out through the
movement of one or another muscle of a person. At this point, it is appropriate to
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mention that any movement of a person, including his thinking, consists of the
movement of certain muscles in him.
Visual (visual) tools include all tools designed for students to see with their
eyes in the process of pedagogical technology. These include writing and other
images on the blackboard, writing and images in books, handouts, photographs, visual
art works, videos, film images, animals, plants, natural objects, various objects, etc.
Also, teaching folk crafts and artistic design is learning to design industrially
produced art objects.
In artistic design, industrial production of practical decorative art items
(clothes, fabrics, carpets, furniture, art glass, porcelain, jewelry, etc.) that serve to
decorate the domestic environment is designed. Art industry products, which are a
part of the industry that produces a wide range of consumer goods, turn into original
works of decorative art with their elegant shape and decoration. In the artistic design
of each type of product, the skill of the artist, painter, designer who prepared the
original copy (first sample) of this product is important. Under the supervision of the
author, who created the first sample, and another group of artists, engineers,
technologists, executive workers, based on this sample - copy, the product (with the
help of machines) is released in mass and series.
In addition, the artistic industry became a branch of industry, separated
from artistic crafts, in connection with the emergence of cities, the gradual
development of crafts, artels and associations (armourers, weavers, jewelers, etc.).
This, in turn, led to the appearance of new types of practical decorative items, and the
methods of their preparation also changed.
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