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THE USE OF SOMATIC PHRASES IN NOVEL “BYGONE DAYS”
Rajabboeva Dinora
Annotation: This article looks at the use of div-related phrases in Abdulla
Qodiriy’s important novel, Bygone Days, which is the first complete Uzbek novel.
It discusses how these somatic expressions enhance the story, express feelings, and
reflect Uzbek cultural identity. By analyzing certain examples from the book, the
study demonstrates how the use of div language helps with character
development, provides social commentary, and supports cultural preservation.
Additionally, the article talks about how studying somatic phrases can be useful in
literature and linguistics courses in educational institutions in Uzbekistan.
Аннотация:В статье рассматривается использование соматических
фразеологизмов в известном романе Абдуллы Кадыри «Прошедшие дни» —
первом полномасштабном романе на узбекском языке. Исследуется, как
выражения, связанные с частями тела, обогащают повествование,
передают эмоции и отражают узбекскую культурную идентичность. На
основе анализа конкретных примеров из текста показано, что соматическая
лексика играет важную роль в раскрытии характеров персонажей,
социальной критике и сохранении культурных ценностей. Также
обсуждается значимость изучения таких выражений в преподавании
литературы и языкознания в учебных заведениях Узбекистана.
Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada Abdulla Qodiriyning o‘zbek adabiyotidagi
birinchi to‘liq roman hisoblangan “O‘tgan kunlar” asarida somatik
frazeologizmlarning qo‘llanilishi tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada tana a’zolari bilan
bog‘liq iboralar qanday qilib asarga obrazlilik, hissiy ifoda va madaniy o‘zlik
baxsh etgani yoritiladi. Asardan olingan namunalar asosida somatik leksika
qahramon xarakterlarini ochishda, ijtimoiy muammolarni yoritishda va milliy
qadriyatlarni saqlashda qanday xizmat qilishi ko‘rsatiladi. Shuningdek, bu kabi
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iboralarni tahlil qilish O‘zbekiston ta’lim muassasalarida adabiyot va tilshunoslik
darslarida amaliy ahamiyat kasb etishi muhokama qilinadi.
Keywords: Somatic phrases, Abdulla Qodiriy, “Bygone Days”, Uzbek
literature, div metaphors, linguistic imagery, culture in language, phraseology.
Somatic phrases, which are expressions related to parts of the div, greatly
enhance the expressiveness of languages. In Uzbek, these phrases are strongly
connected to folk culture, daily conversations, and literature. A prominent example
is Abdulla Qodiriy’s novel O‘tgan kunlar (Bygone Days), which is an important
work in modern Uzbek literature.
Qodiriy skillfully integrates somatic expressions into the story to show the
feelings, relationships, and social issues of early 20th-century Turkestan. These
phrases are not just decorative; they are cultural symbols that reflect values, beliefs,
and identity. Analyzing their use in this novel gives us insights into Qodiriy’s
writing style and provides good teaching opportunities for literature, linguistics, and
cultural studies in Uzbek education.
Somatic phrases are phrases that include div parts like "ko‘z" (eye),
"yurak" (heart), "bosh" (head), and "til" (tongue). They can be literal, like bosh
og‘rig‘i meaning headache, or figurative, like bosh ko‘tarmoq which means to rebel.
In literature, the figurative versions are more common, conveying complex
emotions and social comments.
As Mahmudov (2021) points out, "Somatic phraseology reflects not only
physical experience but also cultural perceptions of the div as a site of emotion,
morality, and power." This is evident in the Uzbek literary tradition, especially in
Bygone Days, where these expressions connect abstract ideas with clear imagery.
Qodiriy uses somatic phrases to show the inner struggles, social pressures,
and emotional conflicts of his characters. For instance, "Yuragi ezildi" (His heart
ached) shows emotional pain, often linked to forbidden love or moral issues. "Ko‘zi
ochildi" (His eyes opened) represents awareness or understanding, usually
following personal loss or political betrayal. "Tiliga kelmadi" (He couldn't bring it
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to his tongue) reflects social limits or inner conflict about sharing forbidden
thoughts. These phrases are not random; they come from a culturally specific system
where the div represents feelings, wisdom, and defiance.
In Bygone Days, Qodiriy uses somatic language to create realistic and
complex characters. For example, the main character Otabek is described with
phrases like "boshini egdi" (he bowed his head), which indicates humility, respect,
or despair, based on the situation. His love interest, Kumush, is often characterized
by "ko‘zlari yoshlandi" (her eyes filled with tears), which captures her emotional
depth and vulnerability.
Such expressions make the characters relatable and help readers connect
with their challenges. They also highlight class distinctions, as some somatic
phrases reflect formal language while others use street slang or religious speech.
The novel also critiques societal norms through somatic language. In scenes
of arranged marriages, Qodiriy uses "ko‘ngli yo‘q" (her heart is not in it) to express
the emotional pain of forcing women into marriages they don’t want. When
discussing corrupt clergy, he describes them as "bosh egib, ko‘z yumdi" (he bowed
his head and closed his eyes) not to show humility, but to indicate passive
compliance. In this way, somatic phrases have a socio-political role, exposing
hypocrisy, revealing injustices, and expressing shared trauma. Their emotional
strength adds to the novel’s effectiveness as a social critique.
The importance of learning somatic phrases is very high, especially in the
context of Uzbekistan. Teachers of literature and language can use parts from
Bygone Days to:
- Teach students about phraseological units and their deeper meanings;
- Discuss the link between language and culture;
- Improve students’ vocabulary and skills in understanding text;
- Encourage pride in their culture and awareness of their language.
For instance, a lesson could focus on comparing how somatic phrases are
different in Uzbek and English, or how Qodiriy shows women’s emotions through
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div imagery. This approach not only develops language skills but also promotes a
greater appreciation of literature.
Additionally, students can work on comparative exercises using similar
phrases in English like "heartbroken," "head over heels," or "tongue-tied" to show
both shared language features and cultural differences.
In conclusion, somatic phrases in Bygone Days aren’t just fancy language;
they are key to the novel’s feelings, cultural meaning, and deeper messages. Abdulla
Qodiriy skillfully uses div imagery to create a strong story about love, morals, and
social changes. In Uzbek educational institutions, especially in language and
literature departments, studying somatic phrases through classic works like Bygone
Days can greatly enhance students' language skills and cultural understanding. It
also opens up new opportunities for research in areas like stylistics, translation, and
cross-cultural communication, as language reflects life, and the div is where
meaning is expressed—and Qodiriy truly knew how to draw the essence of the
human soul.
REFERENCES:
1.
Qodiriy, Abdulla. “O‘tgan kunlar”. Tashkent: G‘afur G‘ulom Publishing
House, 2021.
2.
Mahmudov, A. “Somatik frazeologizmlarning badiiy matndagi funksiyalari.”
Filologiya Masalalari, no. 2, 2021, pp. 45–52.
3.
Karimov, S. “Til va madaniyat: O‘zbek somatik frazeologizmlarining
madaniy-ma’no qatlamlari.” O‘zbekiston Filologiyasi Jurnali, vol. 3, 2022, pp. 88–
95.
4.
Kövecses, Zoltán. “Metaphor and Emotion: Language, Culture, and Body in
Human Feeling”. Cambridge University Press, 2003.
5.
Rakhimova, Gulnora. “Phraseological Units as a Mirror of Culture.”
International Journal of English and Education, vol. 11, no. 1, 2022, pp. 115–121.
6.
UzTEI (Uzbek Terminology and Education Institute). “Frazeologik lug‘at:
Somatik iboralar”. Tashkent: Fan, 2020.
