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NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN HEAT SUPPLY IN HOUSEHOLDS
Egamberdieva Gulchiroy
1.a
, Kakharov Bahadir Bahramovich
2.b
Tashkent State Transport University, student
1.a
;
Tashkent State Transport University, associate professor
2.b
ANNOTATION: This article analyzes the modern and innovative technologies
used in the provision of heat supply in housing. Solar thermal systems, geothermal
heating, intelligent control equipment, and the use of energy-efficient insulation
materials are considered. Also, the advantages of each technology are explained
through technical specifications, performance indicators and performance diagrams.
The information in the article is of practical importance in improving heat supply in
housing, increasing energy efficiency and protecting the environment.
Key words: Heat supply, household heating, energy efficiency, renewable
energy, smart heating systems, district heating, heat pumps, solar thermal systems,
geothermal heating, smart thermostats, building insulation, low-carbon technologies,
hydronic heating, infrared heating panels, automated heating control, thermal storage,
combined heat and power (chp), iot in heating, green technologies, sustainable heating
solutions.
INTRODUCE
Housing plays an important role in creating comfortable and safe living
conditions for the population. Therefore, the development of heat supply systems based
on modern technologies not only saves energy, but also protects the environment and
increases economic benefits. New technologies allow for efficient heat distribution in
homes, reducing losses, and implementing intelligent management.
Use of solar energy
It is possible to provide hot water and heating in residential buildings through
solar collectors and solar panels. Advantages:
Natural and renewable resource;
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Long-term savings;
Reducing dependence on electricity.
This technology is especially suitable for rural areas and remote settlements.
Geothermal heating systems
Houses can be heated and cooled by means of pumps that use the heat of the
ground (geothermal pumps). This technology:
Works effectively depending on the outside air temperature;
Provides a lot of heat with low energy consumption;
It has a long service life (up to 20-30 years).
Smart (intellectual) heating systems
With the help of smart thermostats and management software in housing:
Set a separate temperature for each room;
Automatic consumption analysis and savings;
Remote control is possible through a smartphone.
This is not only convenient, but also reduces monthly utility costs.
Modern insulation and piping systems
To reduce heat loss in residential buildings:
Energy-saving fire-resistant materials (minvata, polyurethane, penoplast);
Thermally insulated plastic or polymer pipes;
Double-layered (thermal glass) trailer windows and doors are used.
Such materials help to keep the house warm in winter and cool in summer.
Use of secondary heat sources
In some housing estates:
Heat generated by electric stoves, air conditioners, or household
appliances is recycled;
Recirculating heat is saved through hot water supply systems.
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This method is environmentally safe and energy efficient.
Technical information
1. Solar Thermal Systems
Component
Technical description
Solar collector
Vacuum tube or flat panel, absorbs up to 80-95% of energy
Hot water tank
100–300 liter storage tank, equipped with thermal insulation
Pump and controller Temperature sensors and circulation pumps
➡
Installation efficiency
: Provides 60-70% of the annual hot water demand
in a well-insulated building.
2. Geothermal heating (Ground Source Heat Pumps)
Parameter
Values
COP (coefficient of useful work) 3.0–5.0 (3–5 kW of heat per 1 kW of energy)
Subsoil depth
50–150 meters, vertical well or horizontal contour
Comfortable temperature range -10°C to +35°C
➡
Working principle
: Converts underground temperature to room
temperature with high efficiency.
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3. Smart thermostats and control systems (Smart Thermostats)
Brand
: Nest, Tado, Honeywell Evohome
Functions
:
o
Remote control (via smartphone)
o
Dynamic control based on temperature sensors
o
Creating a weekly/daily work schedule
➡
Enables 15-25% energy saving.
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4. Insulation materials
Matter
Thermal conductivity coefficient (W/m·K)
Polyurethane (PUR)
0.024–0.030
Mineral wool
0.035–0.045
Expanded polystyrene (EPS/XPS) 0.030–0.040
➡
Recommendation
: The outer wall should have at least 5 cm of insulation.
Chart recommendations
1.
Solar
thermal
system
operation
diagram
→ Collector → Pump → Reservoir → Consumer (can be drawn as a diagram)
2.
Underground
heat
pump
operation
cycle
→ Underground well → Pump → Internal structure → Recirculation
3.
Intelligent
control
system
diagram
→ Thermostat → Controller → Device (heating, air conditioning)
4.
Insulation
Efficiency
Chart
→ Comparison Chart: Uninsulated Wall vs. Insulated Wall Temperature Retention.
If you want, I can prepare these diagrams visually (in the form of drawings or
slides).
Resources (scientific and technical)
1.
ASHRAE Handbook (HVAC Applications)
- International standards for
heating, cooling and ventilation.
2.
IEA (International Energy Agency)
– Reports on renewable energy
sources and thermal efficiency in housing.
3.
Resilience.org
and
ScienceDirect
– Database of scientific articles and
analytical works.
4.
Textbook "Renewable Energy Sources"
, literature used in higher
educational institutions of Uzbekistan.
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Conclusion
By modernizing heat supply systems in housing:
A comfortable and stable heating supply will be created for the population;
Energy consumption and costs are reduced;
Environmental protection is ensured.
Today, the introduction of such technologies is relevant not only in developed
countries, but also in developing countries like Uzbekistan. In the future, it is expected
that every home will have smart, economical and natural heat supply.
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