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178
HYDRAULIC CALCULATION OF THE STOCK PART OF THE BUILDING
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
Kuvondikov Kuvonchbek 1.a , Tuychieva Zulfuzarkhan 1.b
Tashkent State Transport University, assistant 1.a ;
Tashkent State Transport University, student 1.b
E-mail: quvondiqovqamar@gmail.com
ANNOTATION: This article describes the methods of hydraulic calculation of
the riser section of the internal sewage system of a building. The riser is the main
element that vertically lowers the wastewater from sanitary and technical devices in
multi-storey buildings. The calculation process takes into account the number of
devices, conditional load (DU), waste flow, riser diameters and ventilation
requirements. The article analyzes the conditions necessary for the effective operation
of the system using calculation formulas, tables and calculation examples based on
standard norms. Properly performed hydraulic calculation ensures safe, long-term and
noise-free operation of the sewage system.
Key words: Hydraulic calculation, wastewater system, sewerage design,
drainage system, building water supply, sanitary engineering, flow rate calculation,
pipe diameter selection, slope of drainage pipes, wastewater velocity, hydraulic
gradient, backflow prevention, ventilation of sewer lines, combined and separate
systems, stormwater drainage, wastewater load, sanitary discharge units, manhole
placement, self-cleansing velocity, system reliability.
INTRODUCE
The internal sewage system of a building is an engineering system designed to
collect wastewater from sanitary and technical equipment and discharge it to an
external or central sewer. One of the main elements of this system is a riser (vertical
pipe) , which receives wastewater from several floors and directs it downwards. The
hydraulic calculation of the riser plays an important role in ensuring its reliable, safe
and noiseless operation.
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1. The rack task and characteristics
Stoyak — building is a vertical pipe inside , u sanitary dirty from equipment
(toilet, sink, shower , etc. ). receives waters and them lower to the collector delivers
This element is not only water take discharge , but also provides air exchange
(ventilation) in the system .
2. Determining the amount of waste in the stack
Rack based on the number of connected sanitary equipment general The
calculated waste rate (Q) is determined. This given in regulatory documents equipment
load (DU – drainage units ) or directly ri l /s units are used.
Formula:
Qrasch=Kn
⋅
qed
⋅
nQ_ { rasch } = K_n \ cdot q_ { ed } \ cdot \ sqrt { n } Qrasch
= Kn
⋅
qed
⋅
n
this on the ground :
•
Q raschQ_ { rasch } Qrasch— calculated waste flow rate , l/s;
•
KnK_n Kn — inequality coefficient ( usually 0.5–0.7);
•
qedq_ { ed } qed — waste of one device, l/s;
•
nn n is the number of devices.
Example :
On each floor in a 5-story house :
•
1 toilet (1.5 DU),
•
If 1 crab is (0.5 DU) , → total DU = 5 × (1.5 + 0.5) = 10 DU
Standards according to : 10 DU ≈ 1.2 l/ s
3. The diameter of the column selection
To the table below mainly the diameter of the strut is selected :
Diameter ( mm ) Purpose
Maximum consumption (l/s)
50
Shower, sink, bath
0.7 – 1.0
75
One how many devices Up to 1.5
100
Toilets with
Up to 4.0
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Diameter ( mm ) Purpose
Maximum consumption (l/s)
150
Trade , public buildings 4.0↑
Rule: for a stand with a toilet attached minimum diameter — 100 mm .
4. Hydraulic conditions of operation of the column
•
Flow speed : 0.7 - 2.0 m / s need ;
•
Pipe filling level : no more than 60% need ;
•
Proper ventilation necessary , otherwise hydrozatvors sucked to leave
possible ;
•
Voice insulation multi - storey and community important in buildings .
5. Ventilation
Air release is provided through the upper part of the stand . The following types
available :
•
Direct ventilation : the rack goes up to the roof ;
•
Additional ventilation racks : basic to the rack is connected .
It keeps the pressure of the ventilation system stable standing and to be cut
effects ahead will take .
6. Calculation example
Conditions :
•
5 floors, on each floor: 1 toilet + 1 sink
•
10 DU total load → 1.2 l/s expense
✅
Stand Ø100 mm straight will
come
✅
Slopes, ventilation and proper connections provided — system is
reliable .
1. In the building daily water consumption :
- average daily spending :
m 3 /day
m 3 /day
m 3 /day
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− maximum daily spending :
m 3 /day
m 3 / day
m 3 / day
No.
Household service to show building name Household service to
show or population to live building area
m 2 Household service to show building work hour or shift Household
service to show of the building daily coming customers and number of
employees U
Number of
sanitary ware N Number of types
of sanitary equipment N
Expenses
Average daily sarf
q tot s .k un
l/day
No.
Household
service to
show
building
name
Household
service to
show or
population
to live
building
area
m 2
Household
service to
show
building
work hour
or shift
Household
service to
show of the
building
daily
coming
customers
and number
of
employees
U
Number of
sanitary ware N
Number of
types
of sanitary
equipment
N
Expenses
Average
daily sarf
q
tot
s .k un
l/day
General
water
Hot
water
Cold
water
General
water
1
Population to
live
532
-
100
60
45
60
4
250
3
Pharmacy
133
1st week
9:00-
23:00
5
3
2
3
2
12
4
Market , shop
133
1st week
6:00-
14:00
2nd week
14:00-
22:00
5
3
1
3
3
250
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5
Barbershop
133
1st week
6:00-
14:00
2nd week
14:00-
22:00 3rd
week
22:00-
6:00
90
15
14
15
3
56
6
Kanstavar
133
1st week
9:00-
22:00
8
2
1
2
2
12
7
Asphalt area
3500
1st week
9:00-
22:00
0.5
8
Green field
6500
1st week
9:00-
22:00
4.5
14
SUM
∑
208
83
63
83
330
Expenses
Average daily
save
qtots .k flour
l/day
Maximum daily sarf
q
tot
m .k un
l/day
Hourly cost
q
tot
c.hour
l/ hour
Maximum second spend
q
tot
0.sec
l /sec
Maximum
hourly spend
q
tot
0.hour
l/ hour
Hot
water
Cold
water
Gener
al
water
Hot
water
Col
d
wat
er
Gener
al
water
Hot
wat
er
Cold
water
Gene
ral
water
Hot
water
Cold
wat
er
General
water
Hot
wat
er
105
145
300
120
180
15.6
10
5.6
0.3
0.2
0.2
300
200
5
7
16
7
9
4
2
2
0.14
0.1
0.1
80
60
65
185
250
65
185
37
9.6
27.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
300
200
33
23
60
35
25
9
4.7
4.3
0.14
0.1
0.1
60
40
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5
7
16
7
9
4
2
2
0.14
0.1
0.1
80
60
-
0.5
0.5
-
0.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4.5
4.5
-
4.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
342
54
0.72
1.
Water expense
2.
Sanitary equipment movement probably
P
tot
Maxim
um
hourly
expens
e
Average daily
water expense
Q
s .k un
m3/day
Maximum daily
water expense
Q
m .k un
m3/day
Sanitary
equipment
movement
extimoli , second
P
tot
sec
Total sanitary equipment
movement probability , in
seconds
∑ P
tot
sec
Cold
water
Gene
ral
wate
r
Hot
wat
er
Cold
wat
er
Gene
ral
water
Hot
wat
er
Cold
wat
er
Gene
ral
wate
r
Hot
wat
er
Col
d
wat
er
Gene
ral
wate
r
Hot
wat
er
Cold water
200
62.45
13.
86
48,5
86
67,85
8
15,5
66
52,2
92
0.024
0.0
31
0.0
13
0.040
0.04
3
0.025
60
0.013
0.0
14
0.0
09
200
0.057
0.0
67
0.0
63
40
0.107
0.0
84
0.0
72
60
0.032
0.0
44
0.0
22
-
-
360
0.233
0.2
40
0.1
57
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3.
Sanitary equipment movement probably P
tot
hour
4.
For 1 sanitary equipment falling general water expense
Sanitary equipment movement
extimoli , hourly
P
tot
hour
Total sanitary equipment
movement probability ,
hourly
∑ P
tot
hour
1 for sanitary equipment falling
general water consumption , per
second
q
tot
0.sec∑
l /sec
1 for sanitary equipment falling general
water cost , hourly
q
tot
0.hour∑
l/ hour
General
water
Hot water
Cold
water
General
water
Hot
water
Cold
water
General
water
Hot water
Cold
water
General
water
Hot
water
0.087
0.111
0.047
0.241
0.258
0.164
0.234
0.169
0.165
11,421
6,331
0.083
0.083
0.056
0.206
0.240
0.228
0.900
0.755
0.645
0.200
0.267
0.133
9,000
1,476
1,456
0.976
5.
Maximum second water expense
6.
Maximum hourly
water expense
(N1+……+ Nn )* ∑ P
tot
sec
Coefficient
α
sec∑
Maximum second
water expense
q
tot
sec
(N1+……+ Nn )* ∑ P
tot
hours
Cold
wate
r
General
water
Hot
wate
r
Cold
wate
r
Genera
l water
Hot
wate
r
Cold
wate
r
Genera
l water
Hot
wate
r
Cold
wate
r
Genera
l water
Hot water
5,65
9
3,326
2,70
3
2,11
5
1,954
1,72
4
1,47
9
2,288
1,45
4
1,21
8
19,967
16,248
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6. Maximum hourly water expense
7.
24 hours inside of the
building average hourly
expense
Coefficient
α
hour∑
Maximum hourly water expense
What
time
is it?
Cold water
General
water
Hot
water
Cold water
General
water
Hot water
Cold
water
General
water
Hot
water
Cold
water
13,593
6,893
5,876
5,159
0.394
0.186
0.146
2.83
0.65
2.18
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Conclusion
The hydraulic calculation in the column part is of the sewage system effective
to work milestone that provides . Correctly calculated diameter , flow rate and
ventilation conditions because of system for a long time and safe works To regulatory
documents and construction standards in designing to lean on necessary .
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