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ANALYSIS OF APPROACHES TO THE ELECTRICAL ENERGY
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN MICROGRIDS
Sobirov Muzaffar Azatovich
Acting associate professor of the Department of
Mathematics and information technology
Renaissance University of Education
Tashkent, Uzbekistan
m.sobirov@renessans-edu.uz
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4719-9481
Abstract—Today, based on new principles, the structure that connects the
reliable communication between the producer and the consumer, which plays a leading
role in the modernization of the entire energy industry in the electric power system, is
attached to the power grid.
Based on various situations, taking into account the operational situation,
modern technologies used in electric power networks based on the adaptation of
equipment characteristics, production and active relations with consumers allow to
create a perfectly functioning system. It includes modern information diagnostic
systems using modern information technologies, as well as automation and control of
all types of elements. Electricity can be combined in production, transmission and
consumption processes.
This article presents an approach to solving the problem of monitoring hybrid
intelligent energy systems in today's power supply sources and predicting electrical
loads of the electric network based on intelligent systems. Such systems consist of
expert systems and artificial neural networks. The main areas of application of the
neural network methodology in the field of energy are considered, and it is based on
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the development of the automation of energy system design, the functional and
informational model of the system.
Keywords— decentralized, grid, multi-leveled, necessary, generators,
commercial, consumers, corporating, convenient communication, specification,
solution, consumption.
Introduction
Today, a single power system is a unique organizational and technical
object, the structure and management of which is built on a hierarchical Principle,
ensuring a balanced unity of generation, distribution and consumption [1].
The scattered generation implies the following:
- Distribution of generating sources along a general-purpose Network close to
electricity consumption nodes;
- For the presence of a large number of consumers generating electricity own
needs, orientation of its excess to the general network;
- In order to improve the reliability and quality of electricity supply based on
the demands of consumers, it is necessary to use the capabilities of IES AAS and
coordinate the generating sources of electricity.
An even more important feature is the ability to allocate a local source for
autonomous power supply to the neighboring network in the event of serious failures
in the network [2].
This also includes the needs of the power plants themselves, the loss of which
significantly prolongs the time to eliminate the accident. The function of separating
local sources for power supply for power plants and nearby consumers for their own
needs is achieved through special divider automation.
As practice shows, both of these requirements in many cases turn out to
be unfulfilled in the design of gas turbine and gas turbine units.
ANALYSIS OF LITERATURE ON THE SUBJECT
A Virtual power plant – is a single unit of control of many small generators
located in residential areas, hospitals and offices. The organization of the joint
operation of distributed generators requires the fulfillment of special conditions
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necessary to ensure stable, reliable operation in trouble-free activated, deactivated and
operating conditions. Difficulties are exacerbated by the difference in type and power
that their energy consumption belongs to non-stationary subjects [3].
Distributed generators - have negligible power and complicate ups dispatch
control due to the uncertainty of operating modes. Combining many small generators
under one control frees up a system - wide control unit that deals not with each
individual generator, but with one sufficiently powerful energy source a virtual power
plant. Thus, virtual power plants are more convenient management facilities for the
system operator than the small distributed generation sources they replace, as they have
reliable, planned and managed correspondence together. As a rule, the structure of such
a station includes an energy storage system [4].
Fig.1. Review of Energy Management System Approaches in Microgrids.
The advantages of the technology are the automation of the delivery of the
planned power target to the active power management systems at the power plant
(GRAM, SAUM).
It has the following advantages:
• reducing the load on the operational staff of the station;
• increasing the speed and reliability of information delivery.
Fig.1. Management in an energy system with distributed production.
In the Energy Exchange mode with the energy system, the dispatch center
receives assignments from the system operator and redistributes them between
distributed generators, ensuring the maximum efficiency of the entire virtual power
plant (Fig.1.)
The use of a distributed generation puts new organizational tasks for the
formation of an energy system:
-
setting the conditions and discipline of connecting individual generators
to the network low power;
-
distributed producer asset management strategy;
-
network connection standards;
-
forming price signals in the feedback loop;
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-
environmental protection.
-
measurement and calculation of consumer tariffs, transport tariffs.
Understanding Smart Grids.
Smart grids are the evolution of conventional power grids, integrating
digital technology, communication networks, and advanced sensors to optimize the
generation, distribution, and consumption of electricity. The driving force behind smart
grids is the need for greater flexibility, improved efficiency, and the integration of
renewable energy sources. Here's a closer look at their key components and benefits:
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI):
Smart grids deploy smart meters that provide real-time data on energy
consumption, enabling consumers to monitor and manage their usage efficiently. This
promotes energy conservation and empowers consumers to make informed decisions
about their energy consumption.
Distribution Automation:
Automated systems detect and respond to faults in the grid, reducing
downtime and minimizing the impact of outages. This feature enhances reliability and
decreases the duration of power disruptions.
Renewable Energy Integration:
Smart grids accommodate the intermittent nature of renewable energy
sources like solar and wind. They can dynamically adjust power distribution based on
the availability of these sources, ensuring efficient use and reducing waste.
Demand Response:
Smart grids facilitate demand response programs, allowing utilities to
incentivize consumers to reduce their energy usage during peak demand periods. This
helps avoid grid overloads and stabilizes energy prices.
Grid Intelligence: Advanced analytics and machine learning algorithms
analyze grid data to predict demand patterns, optimize energy flow, and improve
overall grid efficiency.
When asynchronous work occurs, the local control center's intelligent
control system switches the territory's energy system to island mode by customizing
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the virtual power plant, preventing generation sources from escaping. Thus, the AAS
of the territory’s energy system increases the reliability and survivability of the system
in the event of a cascading accident risk. In addition, in the self-treatment mode of the
automated energy complex of the territory, it is possible to increase the reliability of
the system to the level of "N-k" in the future.
A the local level, management functions can be carried out by various
enterprises (including network, energy sales, producer and energy service companies),
the activities of which are coordinated by the network governing div of the local
executive (on energy supply).
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
System Modes - is its state at any time or interval of time. The mode of the
system is determined by the parameters of the mode - indicators that depend on the
change of the mode. Mode parameters include voltages at different points of the mode,
currents in its elements, divergence angles of EMF and voltage vectors, active and
reactive powers, etc [5].
Microtarms are typically defined as low voltage networks with distributed
generation sources, local storage devices, and controlled loads (e.g. heaters and air
conditioners). The total installed capacity of this system varies from a few hundred
kilowatts to several megawatts. A distinctive feature of microtarches is that, despite
operating in the distribution system, they can automatically switch to an isolated state
in the event of network failures and restore synchronization with the network after the
failure is eliminated.
In the future, it is assumed that the operation of the energy system will be
carried out through a close interaction between centralized and distributed
decentralized production capacities. Distributed generator management can be
combined into a single block of microtarches or "virtual" power plants that are
integrated into both the network and the electricity and power market, helping to
increase the role of the consumer in the management of the energy system.
Most often, microtarms are called virtual power plants (henceforth referred to
in the text as WPP), since they are essentially a combination of demand management
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programs and distributed energy sources, allowing the dispatcher to model them as
sources of production. WPS allows energy companies to manage a large number of
consumers with a large volume (capacity), which affects the set of capabilities of their
commercial operations. In this context, the use of wind farms provides a closer
connection between the wholesale and retail markets by controlling the transmission
system and distribution system, and creates a double flow of electricity and money,
providing a deeply integrated optimization system with everything necessary for
efficient operation. complex smartgrid control.
Demand response programs are similar in many ways to the performance of the
traditional generation. For example, in the demand response program, the client, as a
special condition, determines that the utility company cannot turn off the air
conditioning system more than once a day. Otherwise, frequent delays can lead to
consumers abandoning such programs.
In addition, the consumer can program the energy company to activate the
dishwasher every two hours. This request, like the previous one, corresponds to the
minimum downtime at the production facility, which makes most of the features of the
demand response program similar to the operation of a conventional power plant.
In this regard, WPP represents a new generation of demand management
system as a holistic strategic resource for an energy company. As these programs
moved from manual (non-automatic) industrial load control systems to direct control
of the load of home air conditioning and heating systems, and then “advanced” load
management with flexible prices, customer needs grew steadily. energy system to
satisfy them in real time. Currently, wind farms help to establish a stronger connection
between consumer and commercial transactions.
IES AAS technologies make it possible to implement fundamentally new
concepts, in particular, include microgrids.
Smart microtars include local sources of backup power and energy storage,
have a high level of flexibility and allow connecting a wider range of generating energy
sources, including those that are difficult to integrate for a centralized energy system:
wind and sun.
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Microtars will be part of the national energy system: they will connect to
regional networks, and through them to national power networks. Electricity from
microtarves is directed to consumers and again to regional networks, depending on
demand and supply conditions.
(Fig.2.) Microgrid System.
Real-time monitoring and regulation ensures the exchange of information
and allows all deliveries to be processed instantly at the national level. In doing so,
consumers will be able to adjust the electricity supply based on their needs. Energy-
consuming devices inside residential buildings and factories are connected to the
microtarm through sensors and control systems.
Microtarches connected to an autonomous or national energy grid can be placed
close to consumers (small towns, villages, factories) and "generate electricity on the
spot", greatly reducing transmission losses through wires and thus increasing efficiency
by 35 to 40%. 80% to 26. Intelligent microtarrains allow to effectively meet the
growing consumer demand due to the increased supply of electricity from renewable
energy sources.
The effectiveness of the introduction of Smart microtarves, according to US
scientists, can be four times higher than the efficiency of existing networks due to the
benefits obtained in the economy, reliability and efficiency of the use of energy by the
consumer. In a microgrid, energy resources cannot be fully “planned”; intellectual
systems are integrated with communication infrastructure to provide control on the
demand side and, through this, balance between supply and demand. The microgrid
principle can be applied much more broadly than geographic Islands (Fig.3.)
(Fig.3) – Microgrids
The following advantages of microgrids are highlighted (however, each project
requires careful evaluation of benefits and costs):
- energy efficiency;
- minimizing total energy consumption;
- improving environmental impact;
- improve system reliability and stability;
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- benefits for the network complex;
- Cost-effective strategies for replacing electrical infrastructure.
In the European Union, from 2003 to 2006, a major research project called
Microgrid was carried out, aimed at studying various aspects of microgrid activity. A
continuation of this project from 2006 to 2010 was the More-Microgrids project, which
involved 11 states of the European Union.
As part of this project, a microgrid was built on the Greek island of Kithnos.
Let's consider this as an example of a microgrid that is already working (Fig. 3). This
system is a single-phase microtarm consisting of overhead lines and communication
cables running parallel to them. The system connects 12 houses. This network is used
to test centralized and decentralized offline management strategies, as well as
communication protocols, which are the main problem for such microgrids.
Conclusion
Today, in modern energy supply systems [10], it is necessary to comply with
the requirements for increasing the reliability of information developed by information
systems in order to ensure decision-making in the production of power [11]. Based on
this, the used models and decision-making methods should be applied with data
exchange.
Based on the demand of consumers for information resources, it is implemented
using programs and methods in the implementation of energy problems with the help
of mathematical models. Part of the information can be obtained through
communication channels for objective reasons related to its impossibility [12],… [13].
The efficiency of electricity consumption for industrial enterprises is
determined by the necessary quantity and timely supply of electricity of the specified
quality, the condition for ensuring the technological process with minimal losses and
the reliable and stable operation of electricity receivers. The most important part of
energy efficiency measures is to reduce energy losses.
Reactive power compensation allows increasing the efficiency of energy use in
three main directions: increasing the power of lines and transformers, reducing active
energy losses, and normalizing voltage.
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