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RETENSIYA DAVRI – ORTODONTIK DAVOLASHNING AJRALMAS
QISMI. RETENSION APPARATLAR
Axrorova Malika Shavkatovna
Bolalar stomotologiya kafedrasi
Samarqand davlat tibbiyot universiteti
O’skinova Nazira alimjon qizi
Klinik ordinator
Abstract: This article examines the retention phase as an integral part of
orthodontic treatment, focusing on retention appliances, their types, advantages, and
disadvantages. The study highlights the necessity of retention to maintain achieved
results and evaluates the effectiveness of different retention methods.
Key findings:
Retention is critical to prevent relapse (teeth shifting back). The required
retention duration often matches or exceeds active treatment time, sometimes
necessitating lifelong use of retainers 25.
Two main types of retainers were studied: removable (e.g., aligners,
Hawley plates) and fixed (e.g., bonded lingual wires). Removable retainers offer
convenience but depend on patient compliance, while fixed retainers provide consistent
results but complicate oral hygiene 56.
A clinical observation of 16 patients (aged 15–28) revealed that fixed
retainers (10 cases) prevented relapse entirely after one year, whereas removable
retainers (6 cases) showed relapse in 50% of patients due to non-compliance 6.
Conclusion: Fixed retainers demonstrate higher efficacy in maintaining
orthodontic outcomes, while patient adherence remains a challenge with removable
options. The study underscores the importance of personalized retention strategies
based on periodontal health, age, and treatment duration.
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Keywords: Retention appliances, relapse, fixed retainers, removable retainers,
orthodontic stability.
Kalit so’zlar: Retension apparat, kappa, plastinka, elayner, parodont
Kirish
Ortodontik davolashning eng muhim bosqichi retensiyadir, ya'ni tekkislangan tish
qatorini shundayligicha "ideal holatda" saqlab turishdir. Retension davrsiz davolash olib
borish mantiqiy emas, chunki bir muncha vaqt o'tgach, retsidiv kuzatilishi mumkin ya'ni
tishlar avvalgi holatiga qaytib qolishi mumkin. Natijani shunday ushlab turish uchun faol
davolanishga qancha vaqt ketgan bo'lsa, xuddi shunday vaqt kerak bo'ladi, ba'zan 2
barobar ko'p, ba'zan esa umrbod retension apparat taqish talab etiladi.
Ortodontik davolashdan keyin tishlarning yengil qo’zg’alishi kuzatilishi mumkun,
bu normal holat hisoblanadi. Tishlarni o’rab turgan parodont to’qimalarining, parodontal
boylamlarning qayta tiklanishi vaqt talab qiladi. Aynan paradontal boylamlarning
tiklanishi 4-6 oyni tashkil qiladi. Shu bilan bir qatorda paradont to’qimadagi elastik
tolalarning qayta tiklanishi juda sekin kechadi va 1 yildan ortiq vaqtni talab qiladi.
Shuning uchun aktiv ortodontik davolashdan keyin uzoq vaqt retension apparatlar
qo’llanilishi maqsadga muvofiq. Retension apparatlar olinadigan va olinmaydigan
turlarga bo'linadi. Olinadigan apparatlarga kappa va plastinkalar kiradi. Ular mahsus
plastiklardan elayner ko’rinishida tayyorlanadi. Plastinkalarda mahsus metall yoylar
bo’ladi. Olinmaydigan ortodontik apparatlar til yoki tanglay tomondan kompozit
materialga mahkamlangan simdan iborat. U to'g'ridan-to'g'ri og'iz bo'shlig'ida yoki
tayyor quyilgan modellarda individual holatda bukib chiqiladi. Vrachning ko'rsatmasiga
ko'ra, reteyner qoziq tishdan qoziq tishgacha yoki yon kurak tishdan yon kurak tishgacha
o'rnatiladi.
Olinadigan apparatning afzalliklari:
-doimiy taqib yurish talab qilinmaydi. (qo’llanilish davomiyligi shifokor ko’rsatmasiga
asosan)
-noqulaylik va og’riqlar bo’lmaydi
-gigiyenik parvarish qilish oson
Kamchiliklari:
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- ortiqcha so’lak ajralib chiqishiga olib kelishi mumkun
-bemor yetarlicha taqmasligi ortodantik davolash samaradorligini pasaytiradi
- olinmaydigan apparatlarga nisbatan mustahkamligi kam
Olinmaydigan apparatlarning afzalliklari:
- tez o'rganish, moslashish;
-alohida parvarish talab etilmaydi;
- estetik talablarga javob berishi;
-yon tishlar yaxshi kontaktga kirishadi;
- shinalovchi moslamalari sifatida xizmat qilishi mumkin.
Kamchiliklari:
- gigienik parvarish qilish qiyin;
- bemor reteyner qisman chiqib ketganini sezmasligi mumkin va bu tishlarning shakli
o'zgarib ketishiga olib kelishi mumkin.
Material va usullari: Tish-jag' anomaliyasi bilan davolangan va davolash tugagandan
so'ng retension apparatlar qo'llanilgan16 nafar, 15 yoshdan 28 yoshgacha bo’lgan
bemorlarda kuzatuv o'tkazildi. Shulardan 6 nafariga olinadigan apparatlar, 10 nafariga
olinmaydigan apparatlar qo’llanildi. Retension apparatlar bemordagi paradont
to’qimalar holatiga, yuz tuzilishi, yoshiga va ortodontik davo muddatiga qarab
tanlandi.
Natijalar:
.Ularning faol davolanish muddati 10 oydan 14 oygacha bo'lib, o'rtacha bir
yilni tashkil etdi. Darhaqiqat, retension apparatlardan foydalanishning o'rtacha
davomiyligi taxminan 2 yil edi, chunki bemorlarda umrbod retension apparatlardan
foydalanish uchun ko'rsatmalar yo'q edi. 6 nafar olinadigan retension apparatlar taqqan
bemorlarning 3 nafarida retension apparatlar olib tashlaganidan bir yil o'tgach, tishlar
oldinga holatiga qaytgani kuzatildi. Sababi retension apparatlarni keraklicha
taqmaganliklari bo’lgan. Qolgan 3 ta bemorda tishlarning oldingi holatiga qaytishi
kuzatilmadi. Olinmaydigan retension apparat taqqan 10 ta bemorimizning hammasida
retension apparatlar olib tashlaganidan bir yil o'tgach, tishlarning oldingi holatiga
qaytishi kuzatilmadi.
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Munozara:
olinmaydigan retension apparatlardan foydalanish, olinadigan retension
apparatlardan foydalanishga qaraganda uzoq vaqt davomida tishlarning holatini yaxshi
ushlab turishning omili hisoblanadi. Olinadigan retension apparatlar ko’p hollarda
bemorlar tomonidan yo’qotib qo’yilishi, shifokor ko’rsatmalariga yetarlicha amal
qilmaslik, tez sinib qolishi sababli kutilgan natijani ko’rsatmasligi mumkun. Shu sababli
olinmaydigan retension apparatlar samaradorligi yuqori hisoblanadi. Davolashdan keyin
retension apparatlar ishlatilmaganda davolash natijasi sezilarli darajada orqaga qaytishi
kuzatilgan. Chunki bu mushaklar holati bilan ham bog'liq jarayondir.
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