MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-23
Часть–3_ Апрель –2025
8
ECOLOGICAL SCIENCE: LOOKING TO THE FUTURE
Boymurodova Mamura Orif qizi, Orziqulova Madina Nizomjon qizi.
Jizzakh State Pedagogical University
Ecology is one of the rapidly developing and important areas of biology.
This science studies the living conditions, reproduction and viability of living
organisms.
The science of ecology has a long history, and valuable views on nature can
also be found in ancient written sources. For example, the Avesta, created three
thousand years ago, provides important instructions on the preservation of land, trees,
plants and animals, planting crops, creating gardens and rational use of water.
Scientists such as Aristotle, Theophrastus and Hippocrates, who lived in the
period before Christ, put forward important ecological views in their scientific works
on the formation of plants and animals, the influence of climate and soil on their
development. Also, Central Asian thinkers Al-Khwarizmi, Abu Rayhan Beruni, Abu
Ali ibn Sina and Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur also expressed their scientific views
on nature, geology, the world of plants and animals. Later, European scientists such
as Carl Linnaeus, Jean Baptiste Lamarck, Charles Darwin, K.A. Timiryazev, V.N.
Sukachyov and V.I. Vernadsky made a great contribution to the development of the
science of ecology. Of the Uzbek scientists, the works of academicians K.Z. Zokirov,
A.I. Muzaffarov, T. Zohidov, L.M. Muhammadiev and A.Y. Ergashov were of
particular importance in the formation of the science of ecology.
Ecology is closely related to the development of natural sciences and has been
formed as a science for only a little over 100 years. Its name was first used in 1866
by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel in his work “General Morphology of
Organisms”. The term "ecology" comes from the Greek words "oikos" (house,
dwelling) and "logos" (study, science), and it studies the relationship of living
organisms with each other and with the environment.
MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-23
Часть–3_ Апрель –2025
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Currently, due to the global nature of environmental problems, new directions
are being formed. One of them is economic ecology, which is engaged in the study of
biological resources on land and in the oceans. The science of ecology studies
important issues such as how living organisms are structured, what laws govern their
development, and how they affect human activity. Therefore, the perspectives of
ecology are of immense importance.
Today, ecology is divided into the following branches:
№
Branch of Ecology
Description
1
Autoecology
Ecology of individual organisms
2
Synecology
Ecology of biological communities
3
Ecosystem ecology
Ecology of ecosystems
4
Evolutionary ecology
Ecology of evolution
5
Economic ecology
Ecology in economic contexts
6
Radiation ecology
Effects of radiation on organisms
7
Space ecology
Ecology of space environments
8
Biosphere ecology
Ecology of the biosphere
9
Embryonic ecology
Ecology of embryonic development
10
Anatomical ecology
Ecological influences on anatomy
11
Engineering ecology
Application of ecology in engineering
From this it can be concluded that all the laws formed by studying the life of
plants and animals in natural conditions mean that organisms are part of a single
biological system and that each species has its own place in the biosphere. This is one
of the basic principles of ecology.
The object of study of modern ecology is biological macrosystems -
populations, biocenoses and ecosystems and their dynamics. Today, environmental
problems cover the following aspects: changes in the number of organisms, seasonal
development processes, migration and adaptation of beneficial and harmful species,
as well as their reproduction and distribution. To solve these problems, it is necessary
to conduct scientific research in the field, in laboratories and on the basis of
experimental studies.
MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-23
Часть–3_ Апрель –2025
10
The 21st century has marked a turning point in the history of human
development. Major environmental changes taking place on Earth - desertification,
soil degradation, water shortages and other dangers - threaten the lives of future
generations. If these processes are not prevented, the negative consequences for our
planet will undoubtedly increase. Scientifically based solutions to these problems will
ensure the sustainable development of humanity and nature.
It is necessary to maintain ecological balance and stabilize living conditions
in the biosphere, taking into account the interests of future generations. For this,
unprecedented efforts must be made. Prevention of environmental pollution,
provision of the population with clean drinking water and environmentally safe food
products, preservation of biodiversity, combating climate change, rational use of
natural resources, and ensuring the purity of soil and air are among the urgent issues
of today.
Ecology plays an important role in nature conservation. It plays a significant
role not only in implementing measures aimed at protecting nature, but also in
teaching the younger generation to be kind to nature, to form in them the skills to
appreciate the beauties of nature and actively protect it. In order to study, understand
and take the necessary measures to solve today's increasingly complex environmental
problems, every citizen, regardless of age, must have environmental knowledge and
culture. It is difficult to imagine the upbringing of modern youth without
environmental knowledge. The future tasks of this discipline are firmly grounded in
the environmental concept adopted in the Republic of Uzbekistan.
In our republic, special attention is paid to environmental education within the
framework of the system of continuous education, and its development is one of the
most urgent tasks today. We believe that the constant and effective continuation of
environmental education among young people will yield positive results. This process
includes the following stages: preschool education, general secondary education,
secondary specialized and vocational education, post-higher education, advanced
training and retraining of personnel, as well as out-of-school education.
MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-23
Часть–3_ Апрель –2025
11
Environmental education can be partially conveyed to students not only in
environmental lessons, but also within the framework of all subjects taught in
secondary schools. The specific topics of each subject have common or close aspects
with ecology. If each teacher skillfully uses this connection in his lesson and provides
brief information about environmental aspects, the students' environmental literacy
skills will be further strengthened. The effectiveness of the method we propose largely
depends on the teacher's level of environmental knowledge. Therefore, teachers
should also regularly improve their environmental knowledge throughout their
professional activities.
This process will be more effective if teachers primarily use local materials
and objects in environmental education. By providing information about
environmental problems in the region, their causes and ways to prevent them, students
will develop a sense of responsibility for the environment. Such an approach will
undoubtedly show its positive results.
In today's era, when environmental problems are intensifying their impact day
by day and the level of danger to the environment is increasing, the importance of
environmental knowledge is growing. This knowledge plays an important role in
protecting and preserving the environment. Although various segments of the
population have partially understood this need, the processes of forming
environmental awareness and culture in young people, providing them with
environmental education and upbringing have not yet received sufficient attention.
The future development of environmental science requires paying high
attention to this area, adapting curricula and programs to modern requirements,
creating comprehensive textbooks and literature, as well as training qualified
personnel in the field of ecology. In this regard, it is also important to pay attention to
environmental topics in the final scientific works of bachelor's and master's students.
The adoption and approval of the Concept for the Development of Environmental
Education in our republic is one of the most important steps in this direction. This
concept serves as a practical roadmap for preventing environmental problems in our
MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-23
Часть–3_ Апрель –2025
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country, improving the environment, and increasing the literacy of young people
through environmental education.
LIST OF REFERENCES USED
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