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BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATE OF OPEN WATER
BASINS IN THE TERRITORIES OF THE POPULATION OF EASTERN
ZIRABULAK
Abdumuminova R.N
1
. , Xujakulov R. J., Xujakulova F.M.
2
1
Samarkand State Medical University
2 Medical college of Public Health named after Kattakurgan Abu Ali ibn Sina
Abstract:
The article examines the quality of drinking water in open reservoirs
(springs, lakes, streams) in the Zirabulak mountains, the results of organoleptic and
helminthological studies of natural waters in this area, the ecology of gastropods
(Gastropoda, Pulmonata) and the prevalence of mollusks. As well as the prevalence
of certain types of helminths.
Keywords:
Zirabulak, gastropods, groundwater, water quality, helminths,
helminthiasis. Today, along with the development of science and technology,
significant innovative changes in agriculture are taking place in our country. In this
regard, it can be said that this creates a number of environmental problems in
providing the population with clean drinking water. Our research focuses on the
quality of drinking water in the settlements of Mount Zirabulak and in the foothills of
the Samarkand region, as well as on the current water supply in the city of Ingichka.
The Zirabulak Mountains are a mountain range in the Samarkand region
(Republic of Uzbekistan), a geological continuation of the Zarafshan range. It is
bordered by the Jam Desert to the east, the Ziyaviddin Mountains to the west, the
Karno Desert to the south and the Zarafshan River Valley to the north. The highest
point is 1120 m. The height of the northern part is 930-1100 m, the central part is 830-
890 m. In the south are Ayribel, Koshdara, Jalkir, Alemi (1054 m), Piyoztag,
Mahmudtog (962 m), in the north – Beshtog and other mountain ranges. There are
deposits of gypsum raw materials for the production of building materials and lime in
the Zirabulak mountains.
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Tin and mercury deposits are in operation. The town of Ingichka is located in
the eastern part of the foothills [1, p. 110].
Methods and research directions
. Scientific research (2020-2021) was
conducted in the eastern territories of the Zirabulak Mountains.
During the research,
the laboratory studied gastropod shells and their fixed, as well as live samples for
helminthological studies, as well as water samples collected in the area. The samples
were taken mainly in the spring (Fig. 1)
Figure 1 – Temporary groundwater sources in mountainous areas
Vostochny Zirabulak and nearby settlements of the Stream in this territory consist
mainly of groundwater saturated with rainwater and formed by spring and winter
precipitation. The volume of water in the streams is very small, and this runoff occurs
at certain times of the year (i.e., the water in these streams is temporary or semi-
temporary).
Although the water in the stream is temporary, there are also springs where
most of the time of the year there is always water (for example, in Fig. 1, at control
point 3, coordinates: N39°45.17' E65°58.38'). Observations have shown that today
(April-May 2021) due to technological problems with centralized water supply.
Ingichka the population of the city is not fully provided with centralized water.
For the population, water is transported by tanker trucks ("water truck") from the
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upper part (Fig. 1, indicated with numbers 4, coordinates: N39°45.54' E65°57.30') of
a flowing mountain lake (Fig. 2).
The mountain lake is saturated with groundwater and precipitation, and its
level varies depending on the time of year. Since the lake is located next to industrial
mining waste (sand, etc.), this affects the chemical composition of the water.
The results obtained and their discussion.
It turned out that the spring water in this
territory does not meet the requirements (according to the standard 0182-05 "For the
water quality of non-centralized water supply and sanitary protection of sources in
Uzbekistan) for organoleptic properties, i.e. transparency of spring water 30 cm,
turbidity within the normal range (or slightly cloudy), odor and taste (swampy) 4
points on on a 5-point scale.
Figure 2 – Mountain lake: A- view of the lake from the east; B- dead fish on
the shore
In the course of scientific research, it was found that 4 species of gastropods
are widespread in this territory (Table 1) (Fig. 3). These species are being studied for
the first time in this region.
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Figure 3 – Freshwater gastropods: A: Lymnaea bactriana; B: Costatella acuta;
C: Lymnaea subdisjuncta; D: Planorbis planorbis
Sizes of aquatic mollusc shells collected by us in the area:
1. Lymnaea (R.) bactriana (Hutton, 1850): BP 14-16; SR 13; CH 4.5-5.
2. Costatella acuta (Drap., 1805): BP 12-16; SR 8-7; CH 4.5.
3. Lymnaea (R.) subdisjuncta Nevill, 1878: BP 10-15; SR 8-10; CHO 5.
4. Planorbis planorbis (L.1758): VR 4; SR 4.5-5; CHO 5-5.5.
The gastropods common in this region are divided into the following different
ecological groups depending on their living conditions (Table 1).
Table 1 – Belonging of gastropods to ecological groups [2, p. 20] and their
participation as intermediate hosts in the development of helminths.
Types of shellfish
Ecological groups
Types of helminths
Lymnaea bactriana*
phytophile
Fasciola gigantica
Lymnaea subdisjuncta*
phytophile
Fasciola gigantica
Costatella acuta*
Evribiont
Gigantobilharza acotylea
Planorbis planorbis*
phytophile
Telorchis assula
* – Of these territories, we identified during the study, new to this area.
The above-mentioned species of mollusks are intermediate hosts in the
development of parasitic worms that cause helminthiasis (for example, fasciolosis),
which is widespread among agricultural herbivores and is considered dangerous to
humans [3, p. 39].
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These territories are mainly used as pastures (Fig. 4) and, thus, contribute to
the spread of helminths across the territory through existing natural open water
bodies.
Considering that trematodes develop and spread only through aquatic
mollusks, they are characterized by a chain of development in the form of an aquatic
environment - helminths - mollusks - herbivores.
Thus, when mollusks, which are considered intermediate hosts in the
development of helminths, are found in water bodies, it can be assumed that
helminthiasis has spread among herbivores (or, in some cases, people) in this area.
Figure 4 – Groundwater basins in mountainous areas and livestock grazing
around them (A, B, C)
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