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CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF PAREMIOLOGICAL UNITS IN
ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Baxodirova Mijgona Baxodirovna
Termiz University of Economics and Service
Abstract. This article analysis of the explanations of the lexemes of education
and science in explanatory dictionaries are analyzed, these units are analyzed by
connecting them with phraseological units, and the scientific works related to the
relationship between language and culture, the linguistic landscape of national
culture, and linguoculturology, which are relevant in linguistics, are analyzed
theoretically. Comments are made on the scientific and theoretical aspects of the
linguistic and cultural characteristics of the analyzed phraseology..
Key word: lexemes of education and science, phraseological unit,
linguoculturalism, lexicon, lexical-phraseological system, lexicology.
INTRODUCTION
In world linguistics, phraseological units attract constant attention in terms of
the manifestation of the unique national language and speech characteristics of each
nation. By researching educational and scientific phraseology, revealing their
national-cultural characteristics in the comparative-typological aspect, semantic and
structural analysis, identifying and classifying their etymological sources,
equivalence and a unique system. proving that it is important to further strengthen
inter-linguistic and inter-cultural relations.
In modern Uzbek linguistics, serious attention is paid to the study of the
lexical-semantic scale and meaning of the lexical units of the language. Therefore, it
is necessary to carry out in-depth theoretical and practical research in the field of
linguistics within the framework of the promotion of scientific research activities
provided for in the state program based on the development strategy of New
Uzbekistan. Every country in the world has its own education system. For this reason,
the study of lexemes of education and science is considered urgent, and it is very
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important to study these lexemes in connection with phraseological units. It is difficult
to give a detailed definition and description of the concepts of
education
and
science
.
Therefore, the lexemes of
education
and
science
are expressed in different languages
based on their lexical fund. In English and Uzbek explanatory dictionaries, the
concepts of
education
and
science
are explained as follows:
LITERATURE AND METHODOLOGY
E.D. According to Polivanov, the field of phraseology, which is not
newly formed, should be in the same place as syntax is in relation to morphology, in
relation to lexicology. He called this new field phraseology or idiomatics
1
.
In Uzbek linguistics, the development of this field is directly related to Sh.
Rahmatullayev, B. Yoldoshev, A.E. Mamatov, A.E. Mamatov's contribution.
Although at the end of the 60s of the 20th century, the linguist A.A. Although
Yuldashev noted that the linguistic nature of stable compounds in Turkic languages
and the terminology related to them are insufficiently worked out, Sh. Rahmatullayev,
B. Yoldoshev, brothers A.E. Mamatov and A.E. Zabardast scientists such as Mamatov
have carried out a number of studies in this regard, serving as a necessary source for
Turkic scholars. It should be noted that the lexical-semantic study of phraseological
units in Turkic languages has been one of the current issues. In the 60s of the last
century, there was no degree of precision in the terminology of phraseological units.
Although A.A. When Yuldashev himself called such stable units "complex words",
this situation shows how great the level of research of the problems related to the field
of that time was.
In Turkology studies Sh.U.Rakhmatullayev, G.A.Bayramov, G.Kh.
Akhunzyanov, Z.G. Uraxin's research is specially acknowledged. Consequently, Sh.
Rahmatullayev, S.K.Kenesbaye, S.N.Muratov, D.Shukurov, M.Khusainov also
attribute almost all types of stable compounds (terms with lexicalization compounds,
compound words, paired compounds, proverb, matal) to phraseological units.
1
Havola quyidagi manbadan olindi: Maxmaraimova Sh. Hozirgi o‘zbek tili leksikologiyasi. O‘quv qo‘llanma. – Toshkent:
Firdavs-Shoh nashriyoti, 2021. – B. 278.
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Phraseology is a field of linguistics that studies phraseological units, and since
the 60s of the 20th century, another huge direction of phraseology - idiomatic
phraseology - began to be investigated on the example of the linguistic system. By
the end of the 70s of this century, scientists began to investigate the mainly stylistic
features of idioms.
By the 60s and 80s of the 20th century, interest in the field of phraseology
grew rapidly in foreign literature, including English literature. Until that time, there
was no separate work dedicated to phraseology in Western and American linguistics.
In general, the term "phraseology" was first used by Charles Bally in the work "Precis
de stylistique". The first researcher in the field of phraseology is undoubtedly the
Swiss-French linguist Charles Balli. In his works "Essay on Stylistics" (1905) and
"French Stylistics" (1909), he included special chapters on word combinations and
phraseologisms
2
.
In his second book, Balli distinguishes only two types of compounds. In his
next work, "French Stylistics", he interpreted common combinations and
phraseological lines as a component of free combinations and phraseological units.
Later, many successes were achieved in this field.
English researcher F.R. Palmer divides into pure idioms (idioms), partial
idioms (partial idioms) and collocations (collocations). According to him, the use of
idioms in speech is related to various grammatical and syntactic restrictions
3
.
Researchers who have conducted research on linguoculturalism, which is formed by
the connection of language and culture:
In the 19th century, V. Von Humboldt laid the foundation stone for the field
of linguistics and culture with his work entitled "The structure of language and its
influence on the spiritual development of mankind" and noted the relationship
between language and national characteristics
4
.
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
2
Bally, Ch. Precis de stylistique. – Geneve, 1905. – 320 p./65
3
Palmer F.R. Semantics. – Cambridge University Press,1981. – P.75-82.
4
Гумбольдт В.Ф. Язык и философия культуры. – Москва: Прогресс, Москва
,
1985. – С.370.
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The comparative study of the phraseology of different systematic languages
seems to be a very important aspect of the anthropocentric paradigm, because it is
phraseology that becomes the property of culture, customs, rituals, linguistic
consciousness, morality, the uniqueness of the environment, etc. is the most valuable
source of information about the stereotypes of the people's mind, which reflect the
imagination of a certain nation.
It should be noted that phraseological units are the wealth of the nation, and
its sources are the nature, economic system, history, culture, lifestyle, oral creativity,
fiction, art, science, customs of the place where this or that nation lives. is closely
related to the habit. Phraseological units are language units that reflect all the features
of life. At the same time, almost all phraseological units in the lexicon of the language
have a linguistic and cultural character. For example, the English phraseological unit
to know the way the wind blows
corresponds to the Uzbek phraseological unit
yulduzni
benarvon uradigan
. In the same way that the lexeme know [
bilmoq
] is used in the
English idiom, we can observe that the lexeme know is not used in the Uzbek
phraseology. The lexemes used in this place are used based on the lexical fund of each
nation and national views. This is a clear proof that there is a difference in the
language and culture of the people. As we know, England is the country with the
strongest navy in the world, so the place of water in people's life is incomparable. In
general, the geographical location also causes the creation of phraseology. The history
of the creation of this above-mentioned phrase is related to sailors, and the importance
of wind was considered important when sailors went on sea voyages.
5
. That is why
the idiom
to know the way the wind blows
was created.
In Y.Pinkhasov's book “
Current Uzbek Literary Language
:
Lexicology
and Phraseology
” the lexeme of master is used in the expression "Usta Teshani"
6
.
According to the "Annotated Dictionary of the Uzbek Language", Usta - 1) owner of
a profession; qualified specialist: master knife maker, master embroiderer, master
5
https://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/222050.html
6
Пинхасов. Я.Д. Ҳозирги ўзбек адабий тили. Лесикология ва фразеология. – Тошкент: Ўқитувчи, 1969. – Б.68.
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embroiderer, etc.; 2) teacher, teacher, teacher of profession, science and the like
7
.
According to the definition given in the explanatory dictionary above, it is noted that
the second meaning of the lexeme usta means teacher. The expression of the Uzbek
language, "
har bir usta teshani o‘z tomoniga urar
" means that every teacher has his
own way of teaching. Because, in the Uzbek people, a teacher is considered a great
person. Our people have also created proverbs about teachers:
Ustoz otangdek ulugʻ,
Ustozi qanday – shogirdi shunday,
Ilm ustozi – ota maqomida, Hunar ustozi – ona
maqomida,
Ustozning dong‘i shogirdi bilan
. Through these proverbs, we can observe
that the Uzbek people pay attention and respect to teachers.
CONCLUSION.
Based on the above, we can conclude that phraseologisms can be called true
ethnocultural units. Studying such ethnocultural units and, on this basis, becoming
aware of a certain national culture and mentality is one of our main goals arising from
the study of phraseologisms in linguistic and cultural studies. Especially, on the basis
of the study of phraseology in a comparative and comparative aspect, it is easy to
determine the peculiarities or, on the contrary, commonalities between peoples and
mentalities. Today, there is a large amount of work on this aspect in linguistic and
cultural studies. In general, the study of phraseological units opens up new
opportunities for Uzbek linguistics, in particular, the science of linguocultural
science, and causes the expansion of the vocabulary of the language.
THE LIST OF USED LITERATURE:
1.
Bally, Ch. Precis de stylistique. – Geneve, 1905. – 320 p.
2.
. The Phrase Finder. From the original on
2015-04-02. Retrieved 2015-03-29
3.
Makhmaraimova Sh. Current lexicology of the Uzbek language. Study
guide. - Tashkent: Firdavs-Shah publishing house, 2021. – 380 p.
4.
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 9
th
edition Oxford university
press, 2015. – 1820 p.
7
Бегматов Э., Мадвалиев А., Маҳкамов Н., Мирзаев Т. ва бошқалар. “Ўзбекистон миллий энциклопедияси”
Давлат илмий нашриёти. – Тошкент, 2006. – B.42.
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5.
Palmer F.R. Semantics. – Cambridge University Press,1981. – P.75-82.
6.
Balonkina O.V. Linguistic and cultural significance of the name of the
primary element water in the composition of Russian and English phraseological units
// Bulletin of the Tomsk State University. –2017. - No. 423. -p.5-14
7.
Humboldt V.F. Culture of language and philosophy. – Moscow: Progress,
Moscow, 1985. - P.370.
8.
Pinkhasov. Ya.D. Modern Uzbek literary language. Lexicology and
phraseology. - Tashkent: Teacher, 1969. – 80 p.
9.
https://englishwithlucy.com/lesson/what-is-an-idiom/#what-are-idioms
10.
https://preply.com/en/blog/10-english-idioms-about-knowledge/
