MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
121
TADBIRKORLIKNING MAZMUN-MOHIYATI VA UNI
KATEGORIYALASH
Nasriddinov Qobilbek Qurbonbekovich
Denov tadbirkorlik va pedagogika instituti
PhD talabasi
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12068421
Tadbirkorlik va biznes har bir mamlakatning rivojlanishi uchun muhim rol
o`ynaydi. Usiz hech qaysi mamlakat ayniqsa kapitalistik iqtisodiy tizimni o`zi
uchun asosiy yo`nalish sifatida tanlagan mamlakatlar rivojlana olmaydi. Chunki,
tadbirkorlik faoliyati har qanday mamlakatda iqtisodiy rivojlanish, hamda aholi
farovonligini ta`minlashda juda dolzarb ahamiyat ega soha hisoblanadi. Xitoy
kabi tez suratlarda o`sayotgan mamlakatlarda tadbirkorlik faoliyatining YaIM
dagi ulushi 60% tashkil etadi
1
. Bundan ko`rinib turibdiki har qanday
mamlakatning iqtisodiy o`sishini ta`minlash undagi tadbirkorlik faoliyati
rivojalanishiga bog`liq. 1991-yillarda endigina mustaqil bo`lgan O`zbekiston
uchun tadbirkorlik faoliyati juda achinarli ahvolda edi, lekin to`g`ri amalga
oshirilgan sa`y-harakatlar tufayli 2019-yilga kelib tadbirkorlik faoliyati
mamlakat YaIM ning 50% ni tashkil etmoqda
2
.
ASOSIY MATN
Barchamiz “Biznes” so`zi yaqindagina o`zbek tilida iste`molga kirganligini
bilamiz. Ba`zida ushbu so`z “Tadbirkorlik” so`zi bilan teng ma`noda
qo`llanilganligini ko`rishimiz mumkin. Chunki, ma`lum materiallarni o`zbek
tiliga tarjima qilishda, tarjima qiluvchi shaxs imkoni boricha ajnabiy bo`lmagan
so`zlardan hammaga tushunarli bo`lishi uchun foydalanishga harakat qiladi.
Ammo, ushbu holatda xatoga yo`l qo`ygan bo`ladi. “Biznes” qadimgi inglizcha
so`z
besignes
dan olingan bo`lib uning iste`moli milodiy 950-yillarga to`g`ri
keladi. Ushbu so`zning semantikasiga qaraydigan bo`lsak inglizcha “Busy” so`zi “
Biror ish bilan shug`ullanish” va “-ness” ya`ni “-lik” ma`nosini beruvchi ot so`z
turkumini yasovchi qo`shimchasi birikmasidan hosil bo`lgan bo`lib umumiy
holdagi “Biznes” so’zi “
Biror ish bilan band bo`lishlik”
3
degan ma`no hosil qiladi.
Biznes bilan shug`ullanuvchi shaxs
biznesmen
deyiladi.
Biznes
so`zining kelib
chiqishi ingliz tilida
tadbirkorlik
so`ziga teng ma`noda “Entrepreneurship” so`zi
ishlatilib
biznes
so`zi bilan doimo teng ma`noda ishlatilmaydi. Oksford
o`quvchilari lug`atida “
biznes”
so`zi
pul topish maqsadida tovarlar va xizmatlarni
1
https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/a3891ad8-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/a3891ad8-
en#:~:text=In%20China%2C%20there%20were%20over,reached%2022%20000%20per%20day.
2
https://stat.uz/en/press-center/news-of-committee/22643-kichik-tadbirkorlik-biznes-ning-yaimdagi-ulushi-3
3
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/business
MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
122
ishlab chiqarish, sotib olish, sotish hamda ta’minlash bilan shug`ullanadigan
faoliyat
, “
Tadbirkorlik
” so`zi esa
ayniqsa moliyaviy tavakkalchilikni taqqozo
etadigan biznesni boshlash hamda uni yurgazish orqali pul topish faoliyati
sifatida
tasvirlangan
4
.
Iqtisodiyotda biznes tovarlar va xizmatlarni sotib olish, hamda sotish
masalasidagi
barcha
uchun
umumiy
bo’lgan
faoliyatni
o`zida
mujassamlashtiradigan bo`lsa, tadbirkorlik yangi korxonalarni vujudga keltirish,
rivoji uchun sa`y-harakatlarni amalga oshirish hamda uni boshqarishga
yo`naltirilgan faoliyat hisoblanadi
5
.
Chizma 1. Tadbirkorlikning asosiy talablari.
4
https://OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com
5
(2019), "Internationalization of Firms and Entrepreneur’s Motivations: A Review and
Societal Entrepreneurship and Competitiveness
, Emerald
Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 29-46.
yangi korxonalarni
vujudga keltirish
va uni
rivojlantirish
yangi biznesni
turg`azish jarayoni
innovatsiyadan
foydalangan holda
yangi tavar va
xizmatlar yaratish
tavakkal qila
olishlik
har qanday
vaziyatda
moslashuvchan
bo`lishlik
ijodkorlik
o`zgacha fikrlay
olishlik qobiliyati
MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
123
Chizma
2.
Biznesning
asosiy
talablari.
“Tadbirkorlik” innovatsion biznes g`oyalarni amaliyotga joriy etish va yuzaga
kelishi mumkin bo`lgan muammolarga yechimtopish jarayoni bo`lib har qanday
tadbirkorlikni boshqarishda uning turiga e`tibor qaratish lozim va tadbirkorlik
faoliyatini quyidagi turlarga bo`lish o`rinlidir
6
:
1.
Kichik tadbirkorlik faoliyati;
2.
Kengaytirilgan start-ap loyihalarga asoslangan tadbirkorlik;
3.
Katta kompaniya tadbirkorligi;
4.
Ijtimoiy tadbirkorlik;
5.
Tadqiqot tadbirkorligi;
6.
Xarid tadbirkorligi
Kichik biznes tadbirkorligi
– kichik biznes korxonasini tashkil etish,
boshqarish va rivojlantirish jarayoni bo`liob bunday turdagi tadbirkorlik asosan
bozorning cheklangan segmentiga mahalliy korxona sifatida faoliyat yuritishni
o`z ichiga olib asosan kamyob tovar va xizmatlar bilan ham mahalliy bozorni
ta`minlashi mumkin
7
.
Kengaytirilgan startap loyihasiga asoslangan tadbirkorlik-
bu innovatsion va
katta daromad keltiruvchi g`oyadan boshlanadigan va tezda katta daromadli
kompaniyaga aylana oladigan unumli biznes modelini qabul qiladigan
tadbirkorlik turi bo`lib uning asosiy vazifasi katta bozorga chiqish va kompaniya
taklif qiladigan tovar va xizmatlar uchun joy yaratishdir
8
. Kengaytirilgan startap
6
Rosemaro, Elena. (2022). Understanding the Concept of Entrepreneurship Management and Its Contribution in
Organization. International Journal of New Practices in Management and Engineering. 11. 24-30.
10.17762/ijnpme.v11i01.159.
7
Eunice, Aremu & Epetimehin, Festus. (2020). Motivation of Women Entrepreneurs in Nigeria. Sumerianz Journal of
Social Science. 162-170. 10.47752/sjss.312.162.170.
8
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/management/scalability/#:~:text=A%20scalable%20startup%20is%
20one,niche%20for%20the%20company's%20products.
tovar va
xizmatlarni sotib
olish va sotishdagi
umumiy faoliyat
foyda olish uchun
qilingan sa`y-
harakatlar
mavjud korxonani
boshqarish va
undagi
operatsiyalarni
amalga oshirish
mavjud
imkoniyatlarni
takomillashtirish
strategik
rejalashtirish va
uning ijrosini
ta`minlash
MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
124
loyihasiga asoslangan tadbirkorlikka Facebok, Instagram, Airbnb, Spotify, Uber
9
kabilarni misol keltirishimiz mumkin. Osiyo Taraqqiyot bankining 2020-yildagi
keltirgan ma`lumotiga ko`ra O`zbekistonda taxminan 1200 startap loyihalar
yo`lga qo`yilgan
10
bo`lib ularning eng ko`p daramod keltirayotganlaridan bittasi
butun O‘zbekiston bo`ylab mijozlarga elektron xarid qilish, o‘z biznesini
rivojlantirish, to‘lovlarni qayta ishlash va oziq-ovqat yetkazib berishni tashkil
qilish imkonini beradigan “Uzum” startapi hisoblanadi
11
.
Katta kompaniya tadbirkorligi-
biznes doirasida yangi korxonalarni
rivojlantirish, innovatsiyalardan foydalanish, kompaniya miqyosidagi o`sishni
amalga oshirish yo`lidagi operatsiyalarni o`z ichiga oladi
12
. Katta kompaniya
tadbirkorligining boshqa tadbirkorliklardan muhim ustunliklaridan biri shuki,
unda yangi texnologiya va g`oyalardan foydalanish imkonini beruvchi tadqiqot
va rivojlanishga sarmoya kiritish uchun moliyaviy resurslar mavjud
13
.
Ikkinchidan, katta kompaniyalarda resurslar tajriba va yangi bozorlarni
baholash imkonini berishi mumkin bo`lgan mavjud tarmoqlar sherikchilik
aloqalari yo`lga qo`yilgan bo`ladi. Jahon miqyosida Google, Microsoft, Apple va
Samsung kabi kompaniyalarni katta kompaniyalar sirasiga kirish mumkin
14
.
Ijtimoiy tadbirkorlik
- ijtimoiy muammolarga yechim topish va ijtimoiy
talablarga javob beradigan tadbirkorlik prinsiplari va starategiyalarini ishlab
chiqishdan iborat. Ijtimoiy tadbirkorlikning asosiy maqsadi foydani
maksimallashtirishdan ko`ra ijtimoiy qiymatga yo`naltirilgan korxonani
loyihalashtirish, ishga tushirish hamda uni boshqarishdan iborat. Ijtimoiy
tadbirkorlik faoliyati asosan qashshoqlikni kamaytirish, sog`liqni saqlash, ta`lim
va atrof-muhitni himoyalshdagi muammolarni hal etishga yo`naltirilgan
notijorat taskilotlar shaklida bo`lishi mumkin
15
. Dunyo bo`ylab ko`plab ijtimoiy
tadbirkorlik faoliyati bilan shug`ullanadigan tashkilotlat bor bo`lib ularga Tom`s
Shoes, State Bags,Warby Parker, Trinity Oaks, Ashoka va Mitscoots
16
kabilarni
misol keltirish mumkin.
9
https://joeducation.eu/digital-startups-examples-what-they-are/
10
https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/905251/uzbekistan-ecosystem-technology-startups.pdf
11
https://techround.co.uk/tech/10-startups-in-uzbekistan-to-watch/
12
Nabila, Azwa, Ambad., Kalsom, Abd. (2013). Corporate entrepreneurship as a determinant of large firm
performance.
13
Tseng, Jauling. (2020). How do finance companies' advantages affect competitive strategies in short‐ and
intermediate‐term loan markets? A theoretical analysis. International Journal of Finance & Economics. 26.
10.1002/ijfe.2014.
14
https://www.pfh.de/en/blog/9-types-
entrepreneurship#:~:text=Large%20company%20entrepreneurship&text=Large%20companies%20often%20create%2
0new,of%20this%20kind%20of%20entrepreneurship.
15
Akbulaev, Nurkhodzha & Aliyev, Yusif & Ahmadov, Turan. (2019). Research models for financing social business:
theory and practice. Heliyon. 5. e01599. 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01599.
16
https://www.consciousconnectionmagazine.com/2016/02/social-enterprise-examples-and-principles/
MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
125
Tadqiqot tadbirkorligi-
innovatsion g`oyalarni va kashfiyotlarni tijoriy
tovar va xizmatlarga o`zgartirish orqali akademik tadqiqot va bozor o`rtasidagi
bo`shliqni to`ldirishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Bu orqali tadqiqotchilarning
chuqur izlanishlari iqtisodiy qiymat yaratishda va jamiyat rivojiga turtki bo`ladi.
Tadqiqot tadbirkorligi faoliyatiga jalb etilgan PhD talabalari va magistrantlar
startap loyihalar va texnologiyalarni yo`lga qo`yishda amaliy dunyo haqidagi
maxsus bilimlarini qo`llash orqali platformalarni ishlab chiqishlari mumkin.
Tadqiqot orqali tadbirkorlikni amalga oshirish uchun faqatgina kuchli akademik
salohiyat yetarli bo`lib qolmasdan balki haqiqiy tadbirkor kabi fikrlash, bozor
dinamikasini tushunish muhim hisoblanadi
17
.
Xarid tadbirkorligi
- yangi biznesni
boshlashga sarmoya kiritmasdan kichik biznes yoki kompaniyani sotib olish
orqali undan foyda olishni qamrab olgan faoliyatdir
18
. Bunga 2022-yil 14-apreda
Elon Maskning “Twitter” ni sotib olganligini va uni yanada rivojlantirganligini
misol keltirish mumkin
19
.
XULOSA
Yuqorida aytib o'tilganidek, tadbirkorlik tadbirkorlik faoliyati tegishli tarzda
amalga oshiriladigan ma'lum bir mamlakatga ko'maklashish imkoniyatlarini
ta'minlash uchun juda muhimdir. Aks holda, tadbirkorlik faoliyati samarasiz deb
hisoblanishi mumkin. Avvalo, tadbirkorlikning o'ziga xos usulini tanlab olish
kerak, keyin esa u chuqur bilim va tajribaga ega bo'lishi kerak, chunki ularning
har biri bilan tadbirkorlik faoliyatini amalga oshirish mumkin emas.
Adabiyotlar:
1.
Ngo, H.T.T. and Igwe, P.A. (2019), "Internationalization of Firms and
Entrepreneur’s Motivations: A Review and Research Agenda", Dana, L.-P. and
Ratten, V. (Ed.) Societal Entrepreneurship and Competitiveness, Emerald
Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 29-46.
17
Career Planning for PhDs ebook
n.d.
18
Rosemaro, Elena. (2022). Understanding the Concept of Entrepreneurship Management and Its Contribution in
Organization. International Journal of New Practices in Management and Engineering. 11. 24-30.
10.17762/ijnpme.v11i01.159.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acquisition_of_Twitter_by_Elon_Musk#:~:text=Business%20magn
ate%20Elon%20Musk%20initiated,mimic%20the%20Chinese%20app%20WeChat
MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
126
2.
Rosemaro, Elena. (2022). Understanding the Concept of Entrepreneurship
Management and Its Contribution in Organization. International Journal of New
Practices
in
Management
and
Engineering.
11.
24-30.
10.17762/ijnpme.v11i01.159.
3.
Eunice, Aremu & Epetimehin, Festus. (2020). Motivation of Women
Entrepreneurs in Nigeria. Sumerianz Journal of Social Science. 162-170.
10.47752/sjss.312.162.170.
4.
https://joeducation.eu/digital-startups-examples-what-they-are/
5.
https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/905251/uzbekistan
-ecosystem-technology-startups.pdf
6.
Nabila, Azwa, Ambad., Kalsom, Abd. (2013). Corporate entrepreneurship
as a determinant of large firm performance.
7.
Tseng, Jauling. (2020). How do finance companies' advantages affect
competitive strategies in short‐ and intermediate‐term loan markets? A
theoretical analysis. International Journal of Finance & Economics. 26.
10.1002/ijfe.2014.
8.
Akbulaev, Nurkhodzha & Aliyev, Yusif & Ahmadov, Turan. (2019).
Research models for financing social business: theory and practice. Heliyon. 5.
e01599. 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01599.
9.
Career Planning for PhDs ebook n.d.
10.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acquisition_of_Twitter_by_Elon_Musk#:~:t
ext=Business%20magnate%20Elon%20Musk%20initiated,mimic%20the%20C
hinese%20app%20WeChat.
11.
https://www.consciousconnectionmagazine.com/2016/02/social-
enterprise-examples-and-principles/
12.
https://www.pfh.de/en/blog/9-types-
entrepreneurship#:~:text=Large%20company%20entrepreneurship&text=Larg
e%20companies%20often%20create%20new,of%20this%20kind%20of%20en
trepreneurship.
13.
https://techround.co.uk/tech/10-startups-in-uzbekistan-to-watch/
14.
https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/a3891ad8-
en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/a3891ad8-
en#:~:text=In%20China%2C%20there%20were%20over,reached%2022%200
00%20per%20day.
15.
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/management/scalabilit
y/#:~:text=A%20scalable%20startup%20is%20one,niche%20for%20the%20c
ompany's%20products
MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
127
16.
https://stat.uz/en/press-center/news-of-committee/22643-kichik-
tadbirkorlik-biznes-ning-yaimdagi-ulushi-3
17.
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/business
18.
https://OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com
