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IMMUNOGISTOCHEMICAL CHANGES OF THE THYMUSIS OF
PREMATURE STILLBORN INFANTS
Mahkamov N.J.
Andijan State Medical Institute,
DSc., associate professor
nosirzonmahkamov 5@ gmail . com Andijan the city
Yuldashev Z.N.
Andijan State Medical Institute
independent researcher ziyoyidding@gmail. com Andijan city .
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14264193
Abstract: In this period,
CD 3, CD 4, Ki 67 markers were studied in order
to study the dynamics of T-lymphocytes according to the cellular composition of
the morphofunctional active centers in the thymus of stillborn babies . Delays in
morphological development in the thyroid gland: the cortex of the thymus is
characterized by the fact that it occupies a very small area of the medulla in
terms of width, and there are almost no lymphocytes. As the main morphological
substrate of these changes, the reticuloepithelial cells of the thymus cortical
layer are small in size, the desmasosomes are short and thick, there are many
sparse fibrous structures connecting the desmasosomes, and the perivascular
areas of the cortical layer show that the hematohistiogenic barrier has become
functionally impaired. .
Key words
: thymus, immunohistochemistry, involution, immunodeficiency,
necrosis, apoptosis.
Relevance of the problem:
In perinatal pathologies, antenatal death mainly
develops together with processes of infectious and non-infectious etiology and
manifests itself in the form of fetal immaturity, asphyxia, birth trauma,
pneumopathies, perinatal blood circulation in the brain, and hemorrhagic
disease of newborns.
In the world, newborns or perinatal pathologies account for 1-4% of every
1000 births, and it is understood that the fetus is stillborn due to intrauterine
infection. It is the development of the immune system that has a major impact on
health, especially during pregnancy, early childhood, and even throughout life
(Hertz-Picciotto et al., 2008). There is increasing evidence revealing a link
between interventions during the perinatal period and immune system
disorders in offspring later in life (Yang et al., 2014).
Discussion and result :
The first 28-33 weeks of the antenatal period are
characterized by the relative formation of differentiation in the members of the
immune system, in premature births, the relative formation of viability and
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resistance to infection in infants, and the stable and highly developed
proliferative processes in the thymus and bone marrow. In this group, the
positive expression of the Ki 67 marker is at a high level, and it is also detected
in the parenchyma and mesenchymal cells of the cortex and medulla of the
thymus.
Although the degree of differentiation is higher compared to the above
group, the positively expressed cells are mainly fibroblasts, macrophages,
histiocytes, reticulocytes and T lymphocytes.
Although the lymphocytes present in the parenchyma of the incompletely
formed thymus, that is, the primary immune organ, have high proliferative
indicators, as a result of increased formation, Ki The positive expression of
marker 67 at 200x magnification was shown with an average of 27.65% in the
control group, while in this group it was found to be around 34%. According to
the immunohistochemical aspects, carried out in order to determine the T-
helper subpopulation of lymphocytes through the SD4 marker, it was found that
the level of positive expression was very low. It is the very small number of T-
helpers that produce immunostimulating factors that tickle T-killers in the
thymus cortex and medulla, confirming the lack of differentiation towards
autologous tissue tolerance.
Low positive expression in thymus tissue examined for SD 3 and SD 4 markers
means that SD 3 is impaired in lymphocyte differentiation and a small number of
T helpers with SD 4 markers are formed, resulting in a sharp decrease in
immunodeficiency and resistance to infection. In our study, it was confirmed in
the clinical anamnestic data of antenatally dead babies whose mother was an
infection carrier and all stillbirths in which the fetus had an intrauterine
infection.
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