MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
167
PAYVANDLASH BIRIKMASINI HISOBLASH USLUBIYOTI.
Abduxakim Nigmatovich Abdullayev
t.f.n., PhD., Toshkent davlat pedagogika universiteti
“Texnologiya va professional ta’lim metodikasi” kafedrasi dotsenti.
Baratova Fazilat Saidovna
professional ta’lim fakulteti
TT-301 guruh talabasi
Rajapbayeva Sevinch Aybek qizi
professional ta’lim fakulteti
TT-302 guruh talabasi
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14974259
Annotatsiya:
Yoyli payvandlash uchun yoyning uzluksiz yonishi va chok
materialini atrof-muhitning zararli ta’sirlaridan himoyasini ta’minlovchi turli
surtmali yoki qoplamali elektrodlar qo‘llaniladi.
Kalit so‘zlar:
Yoy,payvand, chok, qoplama, elektrodlar,
birikma,
elektroyoyli, avtomatik, material,
joiz kuchlanish,
metall, cho‘zilish.
Annotaцiya:
Для дуговой сварки применяются различные покрытые
или диэлектрические электроды, которые обеспечивают непрерывное
горение дуги и защищают свариваемый материал от вредных воздействий
окружающей среды.
Ключевые слова:
Дуга, сварка, сварной шов, покрытие, электроды,
соединение, электросварной, автоматический, материал, допустимое
напряжение, металл, удлинение.
Annotation:
For arc welding, various coated or coated electrodes are used,
which ensure continuous arc burning and protect the weld material from
harmful environmental influences.
Key words:
Arc, weld, weld, coating, electrodes, joint, electric arc,
automatic, material, permissible stress, metal, elongation.
Natijalar: Payvandlash
birikmasini hisoblash uslubiyoti.
1
Payvandlashni hisoblash quyidagi tartibda olib boriladi. 1)
Payvandlash
usuli
tanlanadi
(dastaki, elektroyoyli, avtomatik va b.) yoki topshiriqqa muvofiq
belgilanadi.
2)
Elektrod turi va payvandlanayotgan detallar materiali tanlab olinadi (yoki
topshiriqqa muvofiq belgilanadi)
. Yoyli payvandlash uchun yoyning uzluksiz
yonishi va chok materialini atrof-muhitning zararli ta’sirlaridan himoyasini
ta’minlovchi turli surtmali yoki qoplamali elektrodlar qo‘llaniladi. Konstruksion
po‘latlarni payvandlash uchun E42, E42A, E46, E46A, E50, E50A va boshqa
elektrodlar qo‘llaniladi. E harfidan keyingi 10 ga ko‘paytirilgan son Mpa da
o‘lchanadigan chok metalli qarshiligining minimal qiymatini anglatadi. A harfi
MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
168
esa chok metallining yuqori plastik xossalariga erishishni ta’minlovchi
elektrodning sifatini bildiradi.
3) Asosiy material va payvand chok materiali uchun joiz kuchlanish
aniqlanadi.
Asosiy metall cho‘zilishining joiz kuchlanishi:
R
] =
T
/ [
s
],
(1)
MUHOKAMA:
bu erda
T
—
asosiy metallning oquvchanlik chegarasi; [
s
] –
mustahkamlik zaxirasining joiz koeffisienti ([
s
] = 1,2... 1,8 kam uglerodli po‘latlar
uchun va [
s
] = 1,5... 2,2 legirlangan po‘latlar uchun) — xomaki hisoblashlarda
qiymati; agar buzilish og‘ir oqibatlar bilan kechsa, u holda [
s
] qiymati 1,5-2
marta ortadi.
XULOSA:
Statik yuklamada payvandlangan chok uchunlar joiz kuchlanish
] asosiy
metall cho‘zilishiga joiz kuchlanish
R
] ulushida belgilanadi ( 1-jadval)
1-jadval
Payvandlash
jarayonining
texnologiyasi
Choklardagi joiz kuchlanish
cho‘zilishda
R
]
siqilishda
[
SJ
]
qirqilishda
[
]
Flyus ostida avtomatik, E42A
va E50A elektrodlari bilan
dastaki,
kontaktli
tutash
payvand
R
]
R
]
0,65·
R
]
E42 va E50 yoyli elektrodlar
bilan
dastaki,
gazli
payvandlash
0,9·
R
]
R
]
0,6·
R
]
Agar turli mexanik xossalarga ega detallar payvandlansa, u holda joiz
kuchlanishlarni hisoblash oquvchanlik chegarasi eng kam qiymatli material
uchun amalga oshiriladi.
4)
Birikmaning hisoblash sxemasi tuziladi,
bunda u sxema ko‘rinishiga
keltiriladi. Birikmaga ta’sir qiluvchi tashqi kuchlarni nazariy mexanika
qoidalariga mos ravishda payvandlangan chok og‘irlik markaziga o‘tkazish
lozim, bundan tashqari, payvand choklar tekisligiga burchak ostida ta’sir
qiluvchi kuchlarni perpendikulyar qismlarga taqsimlash zarur bo‘ladi (1-rasm).
MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
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1-rasm.
F
1
kuchlarni o‘tkazishda parallel ravishda kuchi
M
=
F
1
l
ga teng
qo‘shimcha moment juftliklar paydo bo‘ladi.
F
2
kuchlarni o‘tkazishda ta’sir chizig‘i bo‘ylab hech qanday qo‘shimcha kuch
va momentlar paydo bo‘lmaydi.
Masalada barabanga arqondan kuchlanish tirgakka nisbatan nosimmetrik
joylashgan, shuning uchun payvand choklarga ta’sir qiluvchi kuchlar ham (
R
1
va
R
2
) turlicha bo‘ladi. Ularni aniqlash uchun
1
va
2
tayanchlar – tirgaklarga
nisbatan muvozanat tenglamalarini tuzish kerak.
Masalada aylanish o‘qiga nisbatan g‘ildirak muvozanati shartidan:
D
i
ning tegishli diametrlarida choklar kesilishini keltirib chiqaruvchi
F
i
kuchlanishni aniqlash talab qilinadi.
Masalalar uchun hisoblash sxemalaridan namunalar 2-rasmda keltirilgan.
.
0
;
0
i
i
P
M
0
2
i
i
i
D
F
T
MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
170
2-rasm
5)
Chok katetlari belgilanadi
. Ko‘p hollarda
k
=
min
, bu erda
min
—
payvandlanayotgan detallarning eng kichik qalinligi. Texnologiya sharti bo‘yicha
agar
min
3 mm bo‘lsa,
k
3 mm,. Katetning maksimal qiymati
chegaralanmaydi, lekin
k
>20 mm choklar kam qo‘llaniladi.
6)
Har bir kuch omili (kuch, moment) uchun alohida ta’sir qiluvchi kuchlanish
aniqlanadi.
Kuchlanish jamlashda ularning yo‘nalishi hisobga olinadi (agar
vektorlar yo‘nalishi ustma-ust tushsa, u holda ular algebraik qo‘shiladi, agar
vektorlar perpendikulyar bo‘lsa, u holda ular geometrik qo‘shiladi).
7)
Payvandlangan choklarni loyihalashda,
odatda, mustahkamlik shartidan
ularning uzunligi aniqlanadi. Bunda yon choklar uzunligi 50
k dan
katta emas
deb olinadi, pesh choklar esa ixtiyoriy uzunlikda bo‘lishi mumkin. Burchak
chokining
l
min
minimal
uzunligi 30 mm ni tashkil qiladi, bu payvand choklar
nuqsonlarini yopib turadi.
F = 25 kN kuch bilan cho‘zilayotgan, qalinligi δ=5,0 mm va kengligi a = 100
mm ikkita po‘lat listni ilmoqsimon biriktirish uchun umumiy payvandlangan
chok l ning uzunligini aniqlang. Payvandlangan chokdagi joiz kuchlanish [τ]=60
MPa.
MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
171
Yechish
1. Pesh chok qirqimi yuzasi:
𝑆
𝑙
= 𝑎 ∙ 0,7 ∙ 𝛿
2. Yon choklar qirqimi yuzasi:
𝑆
𝑓
= 2 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 0,7 ∙ 𝛿
3. Payvandlangan birikmaning mustahkamlik sharti :
𝜏 = 𝐹/(𝑆
𝑙
+ 𝑆
𝑓
) ≤ [𝜏]
4. Payvandlangan choklarning umumiy uzunligi:
𝑙 = (𝑎 + 2 ∙ 𝑥) = 𝐹/(0,7 ∙ 𝛿 ∙ [𝜏])
5. Yon chok uzunligi:
𝑥 = (𝑙 − 𝑎)/2
.
Adabiyotlar ro'yxati:
1. Abdullayev.A.N (2024). Use of measuring instruments. v international bulletin
of
engineering
and
technology
(113–119).
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10726900
2. Abdullayev.A.N (2024). A study of enclosed cylindrical and bevel gear
reducers.
Nauka
i
innovatsiya,
2(6),
148–
154.https://inacademy.uz/index.php/si/article/view/28348
3. Abdullayev.A.N (2023). Methodology of problem solving in technical
mechanics classes. Scientific electronic magazine "Science and Education".
Volume 4 Issue 4 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GJzuiTGK_lTj7HReL8Pl6
_yMqytgpgj1/view?usp=share_link . ISSN 2181-0842 . APRIL 2023 . 684-688
4. A.N.Abdullayev. "Innovations in the field of pedagogical technologies of
teaching in technical higher education institutions" Republic-wide scientific and
technical conference on "Modern research, innovations, current problems and
MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
172
development trends of techniques and technologies" April 8-9, 2022, pp. 336-
339 Jizzakh polytechnic institute
5. A.N. Abdullayev. "Universal stand for laboratory and practical classes in
electrical engineering". Collection of materials of the scientific-practical
conference on the topic "The role of young scientists of higher and secondary
special, vocational educational institutions in the innovative development of
agriculture". TashDAU, Tashkent-2016, 382-386
6. A.N.Abdullayev. "Development of production serving farms" problems and
solutions to increase the export potential of the agricultural sector, to organize
multi-sectoral farms, to develop the production and market infrastructure
serving them, April 27 2019 TDAU
