MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
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PEDAGOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SOCIALIZING
PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Muratkhodjayeva Z.B.
Associate Professor of the Department of "Primary Education
Pedagogy" of Tashkent State Pedagogical University
Ortiqboyeva Z.X.
Master's student of Tashkent State
Pedagogical University
zumradortiqboyeva93@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14957958
Abstract.
This thesis explores the pedagogical and psychological aspects of
socializing primary school students. It discusses the achievements and
challenges in this area.
Keywords:
socialization, child psychology, teacher, social institutions,
family, community, inclusive education.
As we know, due to the initiatives of our President Shavkat Mirziyoyev,
there has been a significant increase in attention towards the younger
generation [2]. Today's youth are advanced both intellectually and socially.
Behind this, the state and the President have utilized all available resources to
ensure that every child in the republic receives an education and plays a role in
social life [3, 4].
It is important to note that today in the Republic of Uzbekistan, there are
9,691 general education schools (including 350 state specialized institutions
where certain subjects are taught in-depth). The total number of students in
general education schools is 5.8 million. Furthermore, 13,437 children with
physical or mental developmental disabilities, who require long-term treatment,
are being educated at home [4, 5].
The pedagogical and psychological aspects of socializing primary school
students involve the processes of teaching students how to successfully adapt to
society and build social relationships [6, 7]. These processes are especially
important in primary education because, during this period, children develop
key skills for self-awareness, communication with others, and adapting to
society [8, 9].
The pedagogical and psychological aspects of socialization include the
following:
1. Self-awareness (Identification): Primary school students begin to
perceive themselves as part of society [10]. Social relationships between
teachers and students play a significant role in this process [11].
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2. Empathy and Understanding Others: Children learn to share their
feelings with others and understand them [12]. Empathy, respect, and
understanding for each other are the foundation of social interactions [13].
3. Developing Social Skills: Students learn social roles and acquire
teamwork skills [14]. This, in turn, helps them to succeed in communication
[15].
4. Working in Teams: Primary school students learn collaboration and
teamwork [16]. Activities such as group assignments, games, and problem-
solving together are crucial for developing these skills [17].
5. Collaboration between Teachers and Parents: Cooperation between
teachers and parents is crucial in the socialization of students [18]. Parents
should support their children during the learning process and help develop their
social skills.
6. Emotional Stability: Children learn how to manage their emotions and
resolve problems in a social environment. This ensures their psychological
stability[19,20].
7. Familiarization with Laws and Rules: Students learn about the social
rules, laws, and norms in society. This helps them understand their place in the
social system [21, 22].
The teacher's role in the socialization of primary school students is
significant because they guide students in learning social skills, providing
psychological support, and building mutual respect. This process lays the
foundation for social adaptation and ensures that students adjust to society [23].
It is also important to mention that the socialization of children with
physical or psychological developmental disorders is of great importance. In this
case, parents must adopt a more responsible approach towards their child. If
parents view such children as full members of society, secondary socialization
challenges can be minimized [24]. Unfortunately, there are obstacles to
convincing these children that they are part of society, like a lack of attention
and communication with them or a lack of interest in their abilities. This
requires pedagogues to address each student based on their needs and abilities
[25].
The "Concept for the Development of the Education System of the Republic
of Uzbekistan until 2030" also highlights these issues. The concept emphasizes
that teachers must primarily be motivators. It also emphasizes that providing
special attention to children, especially those with disabilities or orphans, and
helping them open opportunities is a major goal and responsibility [1, 2].
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From the above, it is clear that the development of a child's personality and
establishing their place in society is the responsibility not only of the teacher but
also of the school's leadership and parents. The socialization process of students
is an issue that needs attention not only at school but also in the family [26].
Behind every person who achieves high social milestones is a dedicated
teacher and an engaged parent, and unfortunately, in the opposite scenario,
every unsocialized individual has their first teacher and parents to thank.
Keeping this in mind, we, as primary school teachers, must devote specific
moments in every lesson to socializing the child. The smallest form of
socialization is teaching children the etiquette of greeting [27].
However, there are students who only greet teachers they know or fear,
which is common among younger primary students [28]. This indicates that
such a child will only be successful working with a familiar group in the future. If
we fail to successfully guide children through such small but important steps,
socialization gaps will inevitably appear. Therefore, in every lesson, we must set
aside 3-4 minutes as a socialization moment. Another important aspect of
socialization is the activities outside the classroom and school [29]. By taking
children on various excursions, we introduce them to new environments,
helping them adapt to unfamiliar things and people [30].
We can organize trips to museums, gardens, or parks, which will serve both
educational and social purposes. These places are usually crowded with people,
allowing children to learn how to adapt to new social situations and interact
with strangers.
In conclusion, we can say that every person needs socialization. The
primary responsibility for socializing primary school students lies in the hands
of their teachers, and this should never be forgotten. Pedagogical and
psychological approaches to socializing primary school students are of great
importance. Every student has a unique psychology, requiring a personalized
approach. This calls for creativity and high skill from pedagogues. A skilled
teacher will use all available resources to ensure that every student grows into a
mature individual in the future.
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