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THE NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF
THE TOURISM SECTOR
Mamayunusov Temurbek Olimovich
Independent researcher of the "Silk Road" International
University of Tourism and Cultural Heritage
Author's email: Mamayunusov97@mail.ru
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15267001
Abstract:
Currently, the role of innovations in our country is significantly
increasing. This is due to the fact that in a market economy, innovation has
begun to be recognized as a means of competition, since innovation helps to
reduce costs, increase profits, create new needs, increase cash flow, improve the
image of the manufacturer of a new product, organize new domestic and foreign
markets and directly conquer them. In the article, the author substantiates the
necessity and importance of innovative development of the tourism industry
based on logical arguments.
Key words:
tourism, service, innovation, profit, consumer, tax, innovation,
management, intensive, enterprise, efficiency.
Annotatsiya:
Hozirgi kunda mamlakatimizda innovatsiyalarning roli
sezilarli darajada oshib bormoqda. Buning sababi shundaki, bozor iqtisodiyotida
innovatsiya raqobat vositasi sifatida e’tirof etila boshlandi, chunki innovatsiya
tannarxni tushirishga, foydani oshirishga, yangi ehtiyojlarni yaratishga, pul
oqimining ko‘payishiga, yangi mahsulot ishlab chiqaruvchining imidjini
oshirishga, yangi ichki va tashqi bozorlarni tashkil etishga va ularni bevosita
zabt etishga yordam beradi.Maqolada muallif tomonidan
turizm sohasini
innovatsion rivojlantirish zaruriyati va ahamiyati mantaqiy dalillar asosida
isbotini topgan.
Kalit so‘zlar:
turizm, xizmat,
innovatsiya,
foyda, iste’molchi, soliq,
innovatsiya, menejment
, intensiv,
korxona
, samaradorlik.
Аннотация:
В настоящее время роль инноваций в нашей стране
значительно возрастает. Это связано с тем, что в рыночной экономике
инновации стали признаваться средством конкуренции, поскольку
инновации помогают снизить затраты, увеличить прибыль, создать новые
потребности,
увеличить
денежный
поток,
улучшить
имидж
производителя новой продукции, организовать новые внутренние и
внешние рынки и непосредственно завоевать их. В статье автор на основе
логических аргументов обосновывает необходимость и важность
инновационного развития туристической отрасли.
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Ключевые слова:
туризм, услуга, инновации, прибыль, потребитель,
налог, инновации, менеджмент, интенсив, предприятие, эффективность.
Introduction.
Nowadays, tourism has become an important sector that
affects the development of the economy of many countries. The main advantage
of tourism is its significant effect on increasing incomes and creating new jobs.
For many regions and countries, this is of paramount importance. There are
several factors in the development of tourism, the most important of which is
innovation. In a market economy, the development of a country's economy
cannot be achieved without innovation. In particular, processes related to
innovation are of priority importance for the economies of developing countries
[1].
To have a good idea of the role of innovation in economic development at
the present stage of human development, it is worth noting that 90% of the
growth of the gross domestic product of developed countries is formed due to
new knowledge and technologies[2]. Innovation is a law of human society, a
constant force in the development of society, its product and the main factor of
development in general[3]. The term “innovation” as a new economic category
was scientifically substantiated by the Austrian and American scientist Y.
Schumpeter in the first decade of the 20th century, and a number of “new
combinations” he developed indicate the rise of the economy at that time.[4]
Under the concept of innovation, he meant the introduction of new types of
consumer products, new forms of production, new forms of organization of
markets and changes in their use [5].
Analysis and results.
Nowadays, the role of innovations in our country is
significantly increasing. This is due to the fact that in a market economy,
innovation has begun to be recognized as a means of competition, since
innovation helps to reduce costs, increase profits, create new needs, increase
cash flow, improve the image of the manufacturer of a new product, organize
new domestic and foreign markets and directly conquer them. Innovations can
manifest themselves as a process or product that significantly affects the
increase in the income of an enterprise[6]. Such a process or product (service) is
also directly relevant for enterprises in the tourism sector. Since tourism is one
of the most important areas of service provision, it requires innovative forms
and mechanisms of services provided to customers by this sector.
It should be emphasized that in today's conditions of strong competition, all
sectors of the economy, including the tourism sector, cannot develop without
innovations. However, many enterprises are not ready to apply innovations in
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practice. Because innovations are associated with a high level of risk. Especially
if the innovation needs to be applied not to a specific type of service or a specific
product of the enterprise, but to the entire activity of the enterprise, in such
cases the head of the enterprise does not want to use innovations and face risks.
However, enterprises cannot completely eliminate risk in the process of
conducting their activities, but a well-qualified, experienced manager will find
an opportunity to reduce the level of risk. Therefore, any enterprise that wants
to develop, including tourism enterprises, must accept innovations and
implement them in its activities. In our research, we set ourselves the goal of
highlighting the use of innovations in the development of tourism enterprises to
increase their efficiency.
Realizing the huge potential of tourism in Uzbekistan, sharply increasing its
role in improving the national economy, and strengthening its position in
creating new jobs requires the transition of this industry from a traditional
model of development to an innovative model. Serious measures are being taken
in this regard in our country. In particular, an innovative project is being
implemented to create a large tourist cluster in the Yellowstone National Park
and Grand Canyon of the USA on the basis of the Bakhmal and Zamin districts of
the Jizzakh region[7].
In this regard, it is necessary to substantiate the importance and necessity
of developing tourism in Uzbekistan on an innovative basis based on logical
arguments. Firstly, at the current stage of human society's development,
innovations create an opportunity to quickly and sustainably improve the
national economy of Uzbekistan based on the application of modern
achievements of science and technology, new technologies, new products, new
means of communication, new types of services, new methods of management
and satisfying the needs of the population. The Decree of the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.M. Mirziyoyev “On Approval of the Strategy for
Innovative Development of the Country” of September 21, 2018 stated in this
regard: “The rapid introduction of modern innovative technologies into
economic sectors, social and other areas, with the widespread use of scientific
and technical achievements, is an important condition for the rapid
development of the Republic of Uzbekistan”[8].
In this regard, the Head of State approved the Strategy for Innovative
Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2019-2021 and the “Roadmap”
for its implementation, as well as the target indicators for the development of
the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030[9].
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The effectiveness of innovative development is determined by the degree to
which it covers all types of human activity and all sectors and branches of the
national economy. Tourism, as an important component of the national
economy, is no exception in this regard. The intensive changes taking place in
the tourism sector, on the one hand, the continuous growth of demand for
tourism services, on the other hand, make its innovative development an urgent
necessity, and also ensure the active participation of this sector in integration
processes. The emergence and implementation of innovations in the tourism
sector creates the basis for the implementation of systematic, interconnected
and highly positive changes in this sector.
Secondly, the tourism sector attracts a large amount of resources and their
effective use on an innovative basis is the main condition for the rapid and
sustainable development of the sector. In accordance with the proposal adopted
at the Rio de Janeiro Conference in 1992, sustainable development is the
development achieved without allowing the complete depletion of resources,
leaving opportunities for future generations. Thus, the main idea of sustainable
development is to achieve the most efficient, that is, extremely economical use of
valuable, rare and unique resources. Because some types of economic resources
are not renewable, and their careful use becomes an urgent necessity. In our
opinion, the idea of sustainable development lies at the heart of the main
problem of the economy. Meeting the ever-growing needs of the world's
population is fraught with resource shortages. The concept of sustainable
development applies equally to all sectors and industries of the economy,
including tourism, and requires the efficient use of economic resources in each
of them, and the highest economic effect from each resource consumption.
Based on the above, we drew attention to the need to apply the concept of
sustainable development to the tourism sector. The rapid growth of demand for
tourism services requires a corresponding increase in the resources attracted to
the sector. This further increases the urgency of the problem of efficient use of
resources attracted to the sector.
Thirdly, under the direct influence of the acceleration of globalization
processes, the competitive environment in the tourism market is becoming
increasingly acute, and innovative development has become the main factor in
increasing the competitiveness of tourism products in the world market. One of
the distinctive features of the tourism sector is its high profitability. We believe
that it is its high profitability and ability to provide high social impact that
increase the interest of all countries in its rapid development and the use of the
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positive aspects embodied in the sector. As a result, new tourist facilities are
being launched, new tourist products are being created, new enterprises and
organizations are being established, qualified personnel are being attracted, and
other innovative means of strengthening their position in the competitive
struggle are being created. Innovations, their emergence, implementation, and
operation are the primary means of strengthening the position of tour operators
and travel agents in the tourist services market and increasing their
competitiveness.
Fourth, the need to transfer tourism in Uzbekistan to an innovative path of
development is explained by the slow pace of development in this sector of the
country, low indicators of the use of tourism potential, weak position in the
world tourism market, inability to withstand international comparisons and
equalizations. We believe that the reasons for this situation in the tourism sector
in our country are the following: instability of tax and budget policies,
imperfection of the legal and regulatory framework for regulating the tourism
sector, the quality of tourist services that does not meet demand, ineffective
pricing policy, poorly developed tourist infrastructure, shortage of investment
resources, lack of qualified personnel, etc. Fifth, the continuously growing real
incomes of the population of the world, the increasing share of services in its
consumption structure, as a result of which the demand for tourist services,
especially their quality, is dynamically growing, which also requires the
development of innovative activities in the sector.
Conclusion.
The prospects for growth in demand for tourism services are
broad and limitless. Due to the emergence of new types of tourism, the growth of
the population and its income, and the increasing demand for quality tourist
services, the demand for services in the sector is also growing continuously.
These factors, together with the dynamic growth of the gross income of the
world's population, ensure the stable and rapid growth of tourism.
Innovations and their widespread use are of high social importance for
tourism enterprises and organizations. In a separate tourism enterprise,
organizational innovations (for example, scientific organization of labor,
innovative management) serve to alleviate physical labor, improve working
conditions for employees, and reduce the share of manual labor in total labor
costs. The introduction of technological innovations in a tourism enterprise or
organization allows increasing the skills of employees, increasing labor
productivity, increasing wage income, and increasing the gross income and
profit of the enterprise based on saving resources.
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