МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ:
ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
Researchbib Impact factor: 11.79/2023
SJIF 2024 = 5.444
Том 2, Выпуск 7, 31 Июль
16
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Ventilation of pits in underground mining operations
.
Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov, Almalik
branch 3f-21UMO group student
Sulkhanov D.A
.
sulkhanovdiyorbek2@gmail.com.
Key words:
mine tailings, toxic gases, rack, air intake, driving, pipes, fan,
local ventilation, well.
Annotation:
The article talks about proper ventilation of pits in underground
mining operations, providing mining pits with the necessary equipment for
ventilation, measuring toxic gases in the air in the pit after ventilation, and carrying
out necessary work as a result, ensuring that fresh air enters the pit.
Special attention is paid to ventilation in underground mining. Unlike open-
pit mining, the release of toxic gases in underground mines is very dangerous for
workers. Used explosives are selected depending on the atmosphere and category of
the mine. In this case, separate blasting and ventilation works are carried out for
mines with a risk of dust and gas release and for mines without a risk of gas and dust
release. Various harmful gases are added to the atmosphere of mine solder during
the transition, mainly by drilling and blasting. The permissible amount of harmful
gases in the air from the mining mine in motion is given below
Permissible concentration
of gases in moving mining
shale (PCG)
By volume, %
mg/ m3
Carbon monoxide, co
0.0017
21.2
Nitrogen oxide, NO2
0.00026
5.3
Sulfid gas, SO2
0.00038
10.8
Hydrogen sulfide, H2S
0.00071
10.8
After drilling and blasting in the mine pit, before entering people, the amount
of harmful gases must be reduced to a level of not less than 0.008% by volume of
carbon monoxide by means of ventilation. The volume of oxygen in mining areas
where there may be people should not be less than 20%. In addition to gases, dust
that can cause occupational disease and explosion risk (coal, sulfur, colchedan, etc.)
is cleaned by ventilation. By sending heated or cooled air to the mining slurry, the
temperature of the slurry can be maintained at the required level. Mine solders are
МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ:
ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
Researchbib Impact factor: 11.79/2023
SJIF 2024 = 5.444
Том 2, Выпуск 7, 31 Июль
17
https://universalpublishings.com
ventilated during their transition due to general mine depression or with the help of
local ventilation fans with ventilation pipes and wells. Three types of ventilation
methods are used: air-driven, air-absorbing, and combined. The method of
ventilation based on driving air is not widespread. Only this method of ventilation is
used in mining operations that are dangerous due to gas and dust. In the air driving
method, fresh air is supplied through turbopipes installed in the mining pit, and
polluted air is discharged directly through the mine pit. According to the safety rule,
the turbopipes should not be more than 10 meters behind the mining pit. The main
advantage of this method is that fresh air is directly delivered to the working
area.Turbochargers operate at higher pressures than atmospheric pressure when
blowing air. Therefore, both rigid and flexible are used interchangeably. The
disadvantage of this method is that during the ventilation process, especially after
drilling and blasting, the mine field is contaminated with gas and dust along its entire
length, and it is impossible to carry out any work there. The use of this method in
mine welds of small length is installed at a distance of not less than 10 m from the
mouth of the weld.
The main methods of ventilation of horizontal mine welds with the help of
fans and pipes.
In the area in front of the pit of the mining site, a turbopipe with the help of a
fan is used to drive fresh air. One fan or a second turbopipe that sucks polluted air
from the cabin is passed along the entire length of the weld. The air-driving fan is
installed outside the area where air pollution may occur during drilling and blasting.
МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ:
ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
Researchbib Impact factor: 11.79/2023
SJIF 2024 = 5.444
Том 2, Выпуск 7, 31 Июль
18
https://universalpublishings.com
The length of this distance is calculated depending on the mass of PM being blasted,
its properties, and the cross-sectional surface area of the deposit. The combined
method is effective for ventilation of large and long mine welds with a large cross-
sectional surface. However, like the air suction method, it cannot be used in gas and
dust-hazardous mines.
Aeration of mines with the help of wells.
In general, in cases where the mines are close to the surface or are very long
and there is a high horizon of the mine, it is advisable to ventilate them with the help
of wells. The expediency of ventilation of mines with the help of wells is determined
by an economic comparison of various options. It is widely used for combined
ventilation with the use of fans, ventilation wells, and turbopipes in the passage of
dead-end mines. Axial and centrifugal fans are used for the passage of my laxim.
Axial fans are compact, and it is necessary to expand the solder or build special
chambers when installing them. Local ventilation fan application conditions can
vary widely depending on the length of the mine shaft, the amount of air to be
supplied, and the availability of electricity. In this case, the air consumption limits
of local ventilation fans are set to 20 m3/c per 1, and the full nominal pressure is 800
pa. Below are the technical characteristics of the local ventilation fan. Belts and
flexible turbopipes are also used in the ventilation of dead-end mines. Strap pipes
are made of wood, plastic, or wood. Wooden pipes are widely used in dry brazing;
solid pipes are more durable and are used in cases where the air pressure is high in
the mine brazing and the air pressure in the turbo pipe is high. The ventilation of the
underground mine strictly followed the ventilation passport, which includes the
ventilation scheme used in the plan and cross-section, a description of the ventilation
fan, ventilation pipe, ventilation system, and the necessary additional information
about the method and means of ventilation.
МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ:
ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
Researchbib Impact factor: 11.79/2023
SJIF 2024 = 5.444
Том 2, Выпуск 7, 31 Июль
19
https://universalpublishings.com
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