МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ:
ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
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MEASLES INCIDENCE AND ITS COMPLICATIONS AMONG
CHILDREN
Rajabaliyeva Mohruhsor Amandullo qizi
Termez University of Economics and Service,
Faculty of Medicine,
mohruhsorrajabaliyeva@gmail.com
Abstract:
This article examines cases of measles among 1- to 3-year-old pediatric
patients treated at the Surkhandarya Regional Epidemiology Center in 2023. Our study
was conducted in the center’s "Polyclinic Reception Department," analyzing data from
90 children who sought medical attention. Based on the results of the examination, a
control group of 40 healthy children and a primary group of 50 children diagnosed with
measles were identified. However, since almost all cases were of mild measles,
hospitalization was not required.
Keywords:
mortality cases, vaccine, infection, incubation period, symptoms,
exanthema, subsequent stage, complications.
РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ КОРЬЮ СРЕДИ ДЕТЕЙ И ЕЕ
ОСЛОЖНЕНИЯ
Раджабалиева Мохрухсор Амандулло кизи
Термезский университет экономики и сервиса,
Студент-медик
mohruhsorrajabaliyeva@gmail.com
Аннотация:
В данной статье проведено обследование детей в возрасте 1-3
лет, которые лечились от кори в 2023 году в Сурхандарьинском областном
эпидемиологическом центре. В нашем исследовании по результатам
обследования 90 детей, поступивших в «Приемное отделение поликлиники»
эпидемиологического центра, были сформированы контрольная группа: 40
здоровых детей и основная группа: 50 детей, больных корью. Однако, поскольку
почти у всех из них была легкая форма кори, случаев стационарного лечения не
наблюдалось.
МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ:
ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
Researchbib Impact factor: 13.14/2024
SJIF 2024 = 5.444
Том 3, Выпуск 02, февраль
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Ключевые слова:
случаи смерти, вакцина, инфекция, инкубационный
период, симптомы, экзантема, последующий период, осложнения.
RELEVANCE OF THE PROBLEM:
According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), measles remains widespread, particularly in Africa, the Middle
East, and Asia. Measles is an acute infectious viral disease that is highly contagious.
The majority of measles-related deaths occur in low-income countries or those with
weak healthcare infrastructure, where vaccinating all children remains a challenge.
This disease claims the lives of approximately 150,000 people annually worldwide,
most of whom are children under 10 years old.
To ensure children's immunity, they must receive two doses of the vaccine. The
first dose is usually administered at 9 months in countries where measles is widespread,
while in other countries, it is given at 12–15 months. The second dose is administered
later in childhood, typically at 15–18 months. The measles vaccine is often combined
with vaccines against mumps, rubella, or varicella. It has been used for approximately
60 years and costs less than $1 per child. In 2023, 74% of children worldwide received
both doses of the measles vaccine, while approximately 83% received the first dose on
their first birthday. According to WHO, measles vaccination prevented 57 million
deaths globally between 2000 and 2022.
In the first 10 months of 2023, 1,936 children in Surkhandarya region were
vaccinated against measles based on epidemiological indications. During this period,
735 cases of measles were confirmed through laboratory testing, with no reported
fatalities. Of those infected, 62% were children under one year old, while 25% were
between the ages of 1 and 3.
It is worth noting that in 2017 and 2018, the Republic of Uzbekistan received an
international certificate from WHO confirming the elimination of measles and rubella,
meaning the local transmission of these diseases had been halted. However, measles
cases tend to rise seasonally from October to April, as people spend more time indoors
during this period. Children often contract the infection in kindergartens. Due to the
virus's low resistance to external conditions, transmission through third parties is
extremely rare. The pathogen spreads from an infected person to a healthy individual
via airborne droplets. The virus begins spreading actively 3–4 days before the
appearance of the measles rash (during the incubation period), when clinical symptoms
are not yet visible. This lack of symptoms may lead to a failure in taking preventive
МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ:
ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
Researchbib Impact factor: 13.14/2024
SJIF 2024 = 5.444
Том 3, Выпуск 02, февраль
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measures. In general, an infected person remains contagious for 7–10 days.
Unvaccinated individuals who come into close contact with a measles patient have an
almost 100% risk of infection. The virus can also travel long distances through air
circulation, such as via stairwells and ventilation shafts in multi-story buildings.
The measles virus enters the human div through the mucous membranes of the
respiratory tract and eyes. Three days after infection, it enters the bloodstream, spreads
through the lymph nodes, and settles in the spleen, where it multiplies actively during
the incubation period (7–17 days). Once the incubation period ends, newly formed viral
particles spread throughout the div, affecting the skin, conjunctiva, gastrointestinal
tract, respiratory system, and nervous system.
Symptoms of measles include hyperthermia, psychomotor agitation, sleep
disturbances, hypersensitivity to external stimuli, irritability, rhinitis, sore throat,
redness and swelling of the mucous membranes, cough, conjunctivitis, photophobia,
and swelling. Specific signs include:Measles enanthem (red spots up to 0.5 cm in
diameter on the soft palate, appearing on days 2–4 of the illness).
Koplik spots (Velsky-Filatov-Koplik spots) (small white dots with red borders
on the buccal mucosa, near the molars, appearing on days 3–5).
Gastrointestinal involvement.
Following the catarrhal phase, the characteristic measles rash appears, typically
3–4 days after the onset of symptoms. The rash first emerges on the face, then spreads
to the neck, upper torso, and eventually covers the entire div, including the limbs.
The rash, known as maculopapular exanthema, consists of pink papules surrounded by
red spots that tend to merge. This stage is marked by general intoxication, headaches,
fever, worsening cough, and runny nose. The rash persists for 4–5 days before fading,
changing color, and shrinking in size. During this period, the patient’s condition
improves, and the virus's contagiousness decreases.
The next phase of measles involves skin pigmentation changes, epidermal
peeling, and overall recovery. A person typically contracts measles only once in their
lifetime, but in cases of weakened immunity, reinfection may occur, often with severe
complications or even fatal outcomes.
Measles is dangerous due to its complications, which may include pancreatitis,
meningitis, encephalitis, obstructive bronchitis, and laryngostenosis. Contrary to
popular belief, measles is not just a rash and fever; it can significantly affect internal
МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ:
ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
Researchbib Impact factor: 13.14/2024
SJIF 2024 = 5.444
Том 3, Выпуск 02, февраль
57
https://universalpublishings.com
organs and require prolonged rehabilitation. Severe complications can lead to disability
or death.
Conclusion.
Measles remains a serious public health concern among infectious
viral diseases. Vaccination plays a crucial role in preventing the spread of measles
among children. According to WHO recommendations, children should receive the
first dose of the measles vaccine at 12–15 months and a booster dose between 4–6 years
of age. Vaccination not only helps develop immunity against the disease but also
reduces the risk of severe complications. Additionally, widespread vaccination
contributes to overall community immunity, preventing measles outbreaks. Effective
immunization programs and increased public awareness about vaccination are essential
steps in eliminating measles. Through vaccination and preventive measures, measles
can be completely eradicated.
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