541
CHARACTERISTICS OF TRAUMATIC LESIONS OF THE SOFT
TISSUE OF THE ORAL MUCOSA IN PRESCHOOLERS
Kamalova Me
k
hriniso Kilichevna, Sharipova Gulnihol Idievna.
Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino
As already mentioned, the mucous membrane of the mouth has good protective
properties, and weak mechanical and physical influences do not have a pronounced
effect on it. When exposed to a strong traumatic factor, a response occurs in the form
of inflammation. Distinguish between mechanical, chemical, physical injuries.
Combined injuries are also distinguished.
Mechanical injury. This injury can be acute when a violation of the integrity of
the mucous membrane occurs with a single strong impact, and chronic - with prolonged
exposure to a weak stimulus.
Acute mechanical trauma manifests itself as a hematoma (bruise), erosion, or
ulcer. With a hematoma at the site of the injury, pain is noted, which passes rather
quickly, but if the integrity is damaged, painful erosion is formed. In case of repeated
infection, the wound turns into long-term non-healing ulcers. With hematomas, erosions
and small wounds, a sufficiently thorough antiseptic treatment of the damaged area and
the entire oral cavity is sufficient. For deep wounds, stitches are applied.
Chronic mechanical trauma is common. A traumatic factor can be: sharp edges
of teeth, bridges and removable dentures, tartar, spicy and hot food, bad habits, etc.
Damage to the mucous membrane under the influence of chronic irritants is more often
observed in older people.
Changes in the mucous membrane in chronic mechanical trauma may not bother
the patient for a long time, but often there is a feeling of discomfort, slight soreness,
and swelling. In this case, simultaneously with a mechanical injury, the mucous
membrane is exposed to microbes in the oral cavity, which often leads to inflammation
of the injured area.
Elimination of the irritant and the treatment carried out lead to a rapid elimination
of the lesion. If untreated, a traumatic ulcer is formed, which is also called decubital.
Traumatic ulcers can be complicated by fusospirochetosis or candidiasis, with a
prolonged course (2-3 months or more) they can become malignant. With traumatic
ulcers, treatment is reduced to eliminating the irritant, antiseptic treatment of the ulcer
and rinsing the mouth. With a sharp soreness of the ulcer, applications with painkillers
are indicated. Prescribe applications of vitamins A and E, rosehip oil, etc. A thorough
sanitation of the oral cavity is performed.
Chemical damage. Such damage occurs as a result of exposure to the mucous
membrane of chemicals in a highly damaging concentration. For example, some
patients, trying to get rid of a toothache on their own, apply alcohol, acetylsalicylic acid
and other substances to the tooth, and along the way to the mucous membrane, which
often leads to burns.
With such a lesion, a sharp pain occurs, as a rule, immediately and is localized at
the site of the ingress of a chemical. The clinical picture depends on the nature of the
damaging substance, its amount, and the time of action. Either coagulation (acid burn)
542
or colliquation (alkali burn) necrosis may develop.
Treatment. After contact of a chemical substance on the mucous membrane, it is
necessary to remove it as quickly as possible. You should immediately start rinsing the
mouth with a weak solution of a neutralizing agent.
With an acid burn, it is soapy water, a 0.1% solution of ammonia (15 drops per
glass of water), a 2% solution of baking soda (1 teaspoon of baking soda for 2.5 glasses
of water). With alkaline - 0.5% solutions of citric and acetic acids (25% teaspoon of
acid in a glass of water). If there are no neutralizing substances at hand, then rinse
abundantly with water. Thus, it is possible to stop the further penetration of the chemical
into the tissues.
Further treatment of patients with chemical burns: pain relievers are used, weak
solutions of antiseptics in the form of oral baths and rinses, again vitamins A and E,
aevit. Recommended non-irritating high-calorie pureed food, cold (ice cream), inside
multivitamins.
Conclusions. Traumatic lesions of the oral mucosa have a very diverse picture:
from catarrhal inflammation to ulcerative or hyperplastic manifestations. The cause of
damage can be both external traumatic factors and local defects and deformations of the
dentition. Also Careless dental practice or restless behavior of the patient influence
possible etiologically. Young children require special attention, in whom the diagnosis
and treatment of diseases of oral mucosa are significantly difficult.
Bibliography:
1.
Суванов K., Халманов B., Эшмаматов I., & Камалитдинов A. (2022). Ғиз
бўшлиғида поносимон нуқсони бор беморларда микробиологик ва иммунологик
холати.
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Олимов, А., Хайдаров, А., Назаров, З., & Маннанов, Ж. (2021).
Сравнительная оценка эффективности индивидуальной и профессиональной
гигиены при протезировании на дентальные имплантаты.
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