DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN UZBEKISTAN AS A
FACTOR IN INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE COUNTRY'S
ECONOMY
ДАВЛЕТОВ ИСЛАМБЕК ХАЛИКОВИЧ,
ТАҚУ “Қурилишда менежмент” кафедраси мудири, и.ф.н., профессор,
ТАҚУ докторанти, СОБИРОВ РЎЗМАТБОЙ РЕЖАББОЙ
ЎҒЛИ
Annotation:
The article examines how the development of transport infrastructure affects the increase in the
competitiveness of the economy of Uzbekistan. A detailed analysis of the current state of the transport infrastructure in
the country is carried out. Possibilities of improvement and improvement of indicators of efficiency of functioning of this
sphere are revealed.
Аннотация:
В статье исследуется влияние развития транспортной инфраструктуры на повышение
конкурентоспособности экономики Узбекистана. Проведен подробный анализ текущего состояния
транспортной инфраструктуры страны. Выявлены возможности улучшения и улучшения показателей
эффективности функционирования этой сферы.
Annotatsiya.
MaqoladatransportinfratuzilmasiningrivojlanishiO'zbekistoniqtisodiyotiningraqobatbardoshliginio
shirishgaqandayta'sirko'rsatishiko'ribchiqilgan.
Mamlakatimiz
transport
infratuzilmasininghozirgiholatinibatafsiltahlilqilishamalgaoshirildi.
Ushbusohafaoliyatisamaradorliginioshirishvatakomillashtirishimkoniyatlarianiqlandi.
Key words:
logistics, transport infrastructure, economic development, export potential, competitiveness.
Ключевые слова:
логистика, транспортная инфраструктура, экономическое развитие, экспортный
потенциал, конкурентоспособность.
Kalitso'zlar
: logistika, transport infratuzilmasi, iqtisodiyrivojlanish, eksportsalohiyati, raqobatbardoshlik.
Introduction
: Given the fact that the countries of Central Asia are landlocked, in order to realize
their industrial and trade potential, it is very important to develop land and air transport infrastructure
and improve the technical support of this area. The improvement of the transport sector and the
logistics system primarily leads to a reduction in production costs, reduces the costs associated with
the risks of transportation and storage of products. Secondly, it is an attractive indicator for both local
producers and external investors. In addition, the developed transport infrastructure contributes to the
development of tourism, provides safe and fast transportation of passengers and goods, and thus
contributes to social development. Uzbekistan seeks to achieve high rates of economic development.
Fast access to sources of production, safe and efficient delivery of products are key to realizing the
country's export potential.
In Uzbekistan, road transport is the largest component of the entire transport infrastructure. The
total length of land roads is 184,000 kilometers. Of these, 42695 are public roads. Compared to
January-December 2017, in 2018, transport services increased by 7.3 trillion and amounted to 39.4
trillion UZS [3]. The main goal of institutional and legislative reforms in the field of road transport
in recent years is to improve the functioning of road transport based on competition for the right to
provide transport services, attracting carriers with various forms of ownership to this sector.
In 2016, the entire road transport of the country will carry 1 billion 473 million tons of cargo
and 7 billion 795 million passengers, and this indicator in percentage terms for this period in 2015 is
105.3 and 103.8%. Freight turnover amounted to 35 billion 945 million km / so (in relation to this
period in 2015 - 106.0%), passenger turnover amounted to 99 billion 306 million passenger capacity
/ km. (in relation to this period in 2015 - 104.6%). If we compare the main indicators of road transport
for 2007-2016. Compared to the indicators of 2007, the indicators at the end of 2016 increased by
almost 1.7 times, and the passenger turnover increased by 2.1 times, respectively [5].
The country has created favorable conditions for the development of a market economy, market
relations and a healthy competitive environment in the market of motor transport services. Over the
past 15 years, the number of operating passenger transport routes has increased by 2347 and reached
4351. Of these, 997 urban, 2743 suburban and 611 intercity. In 2016, 135 open tenders were held in
the country and 2,069 passenger routes were deployed [8].
Meanwhile, the road infrastructure, especially in suburban areas, leaves much to be desired. In
the densely populated cities of the Republic, with the exception of Tashkent, the condition of most
roads does not meet international standards, and interregional roads are not equipped with modern
infrastructure.
As of January 1, 2019, the total length of railway tracks is 6950 km. Freight turnover amounted
to 22.9 billion tons / km, and passenger traffic was 4329 million passengers km. [8] Operation of the
new Tashguzar - Boysun - Kumkurgan railway, 223 kilometers long, provides favorable conditions
for the development of various industries. This road made it possible to create a single railway line
in the south of Uzbekistan, uniting not only the Kashkadarya and Surkhandarya regions, but also the
region with the capital and other parts of the country.
There are 11 international airports in Uzbekistan [9]. Air cargo transportation figures were
126.798 million tons in December 2017. This represents a significant increase over the previous
figure of 112.282 million tonnes in December 2016.
In international practice, in order to assess how efficiently the transport and logistics sectors are
functioning, a special unified logistics efficiency index has been introduced, which includes transport
infrastructure, timeliness of transportation, the efficiency of customs clearance, the implementation
of international transport, the ability to track transportation and the quality of logistics services. The
LPI (logistics performance index) is an interactive benchmarking tool designed to help countries
identify the challenges and opportunities they face in their trade logistics activities and what they can
do to improve their performance.
If we analyze the indicator of this index for Uzbekistan, we can determine the following:
- The ability to track cargo was presented at the level of 2.053 in December 2016. This usually
indicates a decrease from the previous figure of 2.867 in December 2014. On average, this figure in
Uzbekistan is 2.530 from December 2007 to 2016, with 5 observations;
- The indicator of competence and quality of logistics services was 2.387 in December 2016,
which is an increase from the previous indicator of 2.368 in December 2014. On average for this
period, this figure is 2.387;
- The indicator of efficiency of organizing international transport at competitive prices was
2.306 in December 2016. This represents an increase from the previous figure of 2,225 in December
2014. This averages 2.306 NA from December 2007 to 2016, with 5 sightings;
- The efficiency of the customs clearance process was 2.319 in December 2016. This indicates
an increase from previous data at 1.800 in December 2014. This averaged 2,200 from December 2007
to 2016, with 5 observations.
- The timeliness or frequency with which shipments reach the consignee as planned or
anticipated is 2.832 as of December 2016. On average, it reaches 2,960 from December 2007 to 2016,
with 5 observations;
- Data on the quality of trade and transport infrastructure is at 2.447 NA in December 2016. On
average, this figure is 2.250 from December 2007 to 2016, with 5 observations;
- Overall, the logistics efficiency index was 2.405 in December 2016. In 2018, this figure
reached 2.58 [7];
According to the graph, it can be concluded that the indicators of Uzbekistan are mostly
average. In comparison, we can cite the indicators of neighboring countries. For example, according
to 2018 data, Kazakhstan is in 71st place, with an indicator of 2.81, while Uzbekistan is in 99th place.
The list is topped by Germany (4.20), followed by Sweden, Belgium, Austria and Japan [4].
Fig. 1. compiled by the authors based on data from the World Bank. [4]
In general, the indicators of the Central Asian countries are not very different from each other.
Therefore, it is difficult for countries individually and even jointly to improve transport
infrastructures. And the "One Belt - One Road" project, initiated by the PRC, provides tremendous
opportunities to improve the transport corridors of the Central Asian countries within the framework
of investment projects, including the "Western Europe - Western China" highway, the "North - South"
railway projects, and the Central Corridor of the Trans-Asian Railway and "Chunqing - Duisburg".
All countries of the region are involved in these transport corridors. This will help the emergence of
new industries and new economic centers of international importance.
According to the Resolution of the President [2], "On measures to improve transport
infrastructure and diversify foreign trade routes for the carriage of goods for 2018–2022," the priority
tasks are to build new railway lines, increase the electrification level of railways, expand the
geography of flights, promote the existing infrastructure and services to the international air transport
service markets. The Decree notes that at present the existing transit potential of the republic is not
fully utilized. The current inflexible transit and tariff policy hinders the attraction of additional transit
freight traffic. In this regard, it is recommended that commercial banks of the Republic of Uzbekistan
allocate loans for the purchase of vehicles, special equipment for the transportation and storage of
goods, from the date of release of which no more than 3 years have passed, as well as other goods
intended for the provision of transport and logistics services, with an interest rate not higher than the
refinancing rate of the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan, with a grace period of up to 1
year
1
[6].
Until January 1, 2022, national road transport enterprises engaged in international road transport
and transport and logistics companies are exempt from paying:
- value added tax, property tax, as well as land tax, subject to the allocation of the released funds
to expand our own fleet of vehicles, modernize production facilities, create modern warehouse
terminals and repay bank loans;
- customs payments (except for customs clearance fees) for imported warehouse equipment,
handling equipment, units, spare parts and other goods not produced in the Republic of Uzbekistan,
intended for the provision of transport and logistics services, according to lists approved in the
prescribed manner. The implementation of the above and a number of other reforms within the
framework of the Resolution contributes to the further improvement of the transport infrastructure
system and thereby helps to develop the competitiveness of the national economy and realize the
production and export potential of Uzbekistan.
LITERATURE:
1. State program for the implementation of the Action Strategy in five priority areas of development of the Republic of
Uzbekistan in 2017–2021 in the "Year of Active Investments and Social Development".
2. Decree of the President (No. PP-3422 02.12.2017), "On measures to improve the transport infrastructure and diversify
foreign trade routes for the transportation of goods for 2018-2022."
3. Statistical Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan /open data// development of transport services in the Republic of
Uzbekistan for 2017. - URL: https://stat.uz/uploads/docs/uslugi_dekabr_2018_ru.pdf
4. The World Bank /International LPI// Global rankings 2018. - URL: https://lpi.worldbank.org/international/global /
2018 (date of access May 12, 2019).
5. Investment portal of the Republic of Uzbekistan - URL: https://invest.gov.uz/investor/dorozhnotransportnaya-
infrastructure-2/
6. Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PP 3422 02.12.2017. - "on measures to improve transport
infrastructure and diversification of foreign trade routes for the transportation of goods for 2018–2022 .. - URL:
http://www.lex.uz/docs/3436207 (date of treatment May 13, 2019).
7.
Muminov N. S. et al. RESEARCH OF TRANSPORT ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF TASHKENT CITY
INFRASTRUCTURE: PROBLEMS, REQUIREMENTS AND SOLUTIONS //British Journal of Global Ecology and
Sustainable Development. – 2022. – Т. 11. – С. 112-125.
8. CEIC Home / Uzbekistan UZ: Logistics Performance Index. - URL:
https://www.ceicdata.com/en/uzbekistan/
transportation / uz-logistics-performance-index-1low-to-5high-efficiency-of-customs-clearance-process.
9. Joint-stock company "Uzbekiston temir yullari" / information service // interesting facts. - URL:
http://railway.uz/ru/?sphrase_id=1768473.
10. National Airline "UzbekistonHavoYollari" / Airports of Uzbekistan - URL: https: //www.uzairways. com / ru / flights
/ airports? page = 1.
