ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE LEVEL OF AIR POLLUTION BY
WASTE GASES IN THE AREA OF URBAN STREETS
BEKETOV A.K., KHALIMOVA SH.R.
Tashkent State Transport University
Urban transport infrastructure. Environmental, sanitary and hygienic problems in cities
Abstract.
This article analyzes existing methods for determining the level of air pollution from waste gases in
various sections of urban streets, as well as the availability of measuring instruments.
Аннотация.
В данной статье сделан анализ существующих методов определения уровня загрязнения
воздуха отходными газами на различных участках городских улиц, а также доступность измерительных
приборов.
Annotatsiya.
Ushbu maqolada shahar ko'chalarining turli uchastkalarida chiqindi gazlardan havo ifloslanishi
darajasini aniqlashning mavjud usullari, shuningdek, o'lchash vositalarining mavjudligi tahlil qilingan.
Keywords:
air pollution, gas analyzers, urban streets, waste gases, CO
2
, NO
X
.
Ключевые слова:
загрязнение воздуха, газоанализаторы, городские улицы, отходящие газы, CO
2
, NO
X
.
Kalit so'zlar:
havo ifloslanishi, gaz analizatorlari, shahar ko'chalari, chiqindi gazlar, CO
2
, NO
X
.
Introduction.
Transport emissions and street dust are important sources of air pollution in
urban centers. Street improvements and buildings influence the dispersion of air pollution from
streets. In terms of field measurements, many studies have analyzed the influence of the location of
open green space on the dispersion of air pollution, but these studies have not taken into account
patterns at the landscape scale. Other studies have analyzed the impact of large green spaces on air
pollution, but the vertical distribution of street buildings and green spaces has rarely been
considered. The study [1] first extracted the vertical distribution of street green space and buildings
in street image data using an in-depth study on the influence of the vertical distribution of urban
street green space on air pollution in urban centers.
Literature review.
Air pollution is a global challenge causing millions of premature deaths
annually. This is limited not only to developing, but also developed nations, with cities in particular
struggling to meet air quality limit values to adequately protect human health. Total exposure to air
pollution is often disproportionately affected by the relatively short amount of time spent
commuting or in the proximity of traffic. In the exploratory work [2], authors conducted
measurements of particle number concentrations using a DiscMini by bicycle. Eighteen tracks with
accompanying video footage were analyzed and a suite of factors classified and quantified that
influence exposure to air pollution. A method was developed to account for variations in the
ambient average concentrations per trip that allowed for comparison across all tracks. Large
differences in ultra-localized air pollution levels were identified and quantified for factors such as
street type, environmental surroundings, and vehicle type.
Methodology.
The main objectives of state monitoring of the natural environment of the
Republic of Uzbekistan are: organizing and maintaining observations of the level of pollution of the
natural environment, as well as the processes occurring in it under the influence of anthropogenic
influence; assessment and forecast of the level of environmental pollution; development of
recommendations for the prevention and elimination of negative processes occurring in it;
information support for state control in the field of environmental protection, rational use of natural
resources, state cadastres of natural resources [3].
Monitoring of atmospheric air pollution is carried out in the direction of providing analytical
(laboratory) control in the field of ecology and environmental protection, including:
– monitoring of sources of environmental pollution, their analytical (laboratory) control;
– state control over compliance with environmental legislation regarding pollution of soils,
surface and groundwater, and atmospheric air on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan;
– with the development and implementation of new methods and techniques of analytical
activities.
Results and discussion.
In the field of re-equipment and retrofitting of the Center with new
equipment and modern measuring instruments, as well as other material and technical resources, the
following work has been done: Preventive inspection and repair of existing devices was carried out.
State verification of more than 20 types of measuring instruments was organized and carried out by
the Center for Control of Emission Sources, as well as departments for monitoring environmental
pollution (analytical laboratories) of territorial departments for ecology and environmental
protection in the Uzstandard Agency.
The availability of existing types of gas analyzers in the Republic of Uzbekistan with their
prices is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Stationary (a) and Portable (b) gas analyzers (source:
) [4].
To conduct laboratory chemical research, chemical reagents were purchased according to
submitted applications. To conduct observations and collect information on monitoring the level of
dust in the atmospheric air with fine particles, as well as the content of total dust at the same time,
the department for monitoring sources of emissions into the atmospheric air at the expense of the
Center’s [3] own funds purchased the following measuring instrument: a portable dust analyzer
“DustTrak DRX 8534” (manufactured by Great Britain).
Figure 2.
Gas analyzers of the Center for specialized analytical control (CSAC):
a) “DustTrak DRX”; b) "Testo 350"; c) Aspirator; d) ECOLAB.
In addition, at the expense of CSAC funds, the following modern devices for monitoring
sources of pollutant emissions were purchased: portable automatic gas analyzer "Testo 350",
designed for automatic monitoring of concentrations of harmful substances at organized sources of
industrial emissions for the content of pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, nitrogen
oxides, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide (depending on the configuration), as well as for
determining the aerodynamic parameters of the emission source - temperature exhaust gases and
gas flow rate.
Aspirator for sampling air through absorption devices and special filters. Designed for use in
sampling both at sources of industrial emissions and atmospheric air (in populated areas). Has the
ability to operate on battery power.
Automatic multichannel portable gas analyzer ECOLAB (with a module for storing sensors
and recharging an additional kit), designed for automatic control of the concentrations of harmful
substances in the atmospheric air (settled areas) for the content of pollutants such as nitrogen
dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, methane, phenol,
ammonia, hydrogen fluoride, etc. (depending on the configuration), as well as to determine
meteorological characteristics - atmospheric pressure and air temperature.
Conclusions.
Analyzing all existing methods for determining and measuring instruments for
the level of air pollution by waste gases in various sections of urban streets, a conclusion was made
on choosing the most optimal option for experiments with the ECOLAB gas analyzer. The
automatic multi-channel portable gas analyzer ECOLAB (with a module for storing sensors and
recharging an additional set) is effectively suitable for experiments to determine the level of air
pollution from waste gases in various sections of urban streets.
REFERENCES:
1.
Wu, D., Gong, J., Liang, J., Sun, J., & Zhang, G. (2020). Analyzing the influence of urban street greening and street
buildings on summertime air pollution based on street view image data. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-
Information, 9(9), 500.
2.
Von Schneidemesser, E., Steinmar, K., Weatherhead, E. C., Bonn, B., Gerwig, H., & Quedenau, J. (2019). Air
pollution at human scales in an urban environment: Impact of local environment and vehicles on particle number
concentrations. Science of the Total Environment, 688, 691-700.
3.
Monitoring zagryazneniya okrujayushey sredi
[Electronic resource]. URL:
https://eco.gov.uz/en/site/news?id=320
4.
Official website of Glotr.uz online shopping center:
