позволит усилить влияние растений на микроклимат города и обогатить его
художественный облик. Должен быть расширен и улучшен ассортимент растений,
применяемых в настоящее время в практике озеленения в городах Узбекистана, с учетом
местных, региональных, природно-климатических и других условий и требований.
Недопустимо применение ограниченного, иногда недостаточно ценного с точки
зрения санитарно-гигиенической эффективности, недолговечного ассортимента древесных
пород; неумелого, нерегулярного ухода, а также некачественного полива насаждений. Это
приводит к снижению художественной выразительности города.
Conclusion
Таким образом, все перечисленные выше вопросы и громадный опыт
градостроительства показывает, что важнейшей задачей архитектурно-ландшафтной
реконструкции городов является сохранение природного ландшафта и установление
равновесия и гармоничного сочетания искусственной среды и природы.
ЛИТЕРАТУРА:
1.
Нефёдов В.А. Средства архитектурно-ландшафтной реконструкции города // Архитектура.
Строительство. Дизайн. 2005. – № 1.
2.
Залесская Л.С. Озеленение городов Средней Азии. Москва., издательство АН, 1949, 96стр.
3.
Забота о деревьях: Научные рекомендации для практиков / ред. сост.: А. Королева, П. Тышко-Хмеловец,
К. Виткош-Гнах. – Калининград: Экозащита; Вроцлав: FER, 2016. – 196 с.
4.
Isamuhamedova D.U., Kamilova X.X. Коkalamzorlashtirish asoslari. Darslik. -Toshkent:NOSHIR-2012,197b.
5.
https://ecdru.files.wordpress.com
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7.
8.
9.
https://baurum.ru
DETERMINATION OF THE STRENGTH OF ADDITIVE CEMENTS.
Assistant BOBOQULOVA SHAXZODA RAVSHAN qizi., student OBIDOV HABIBULLO
.
JizPI, "Building materials and constructions" department.
Annotatsiya.
Ushbu maqola Jizzax viloyati, G'allarol tumani, Qo'ytosh Volfram tomonidan yozilgan.
Tsement tarkibi kondan ikkilamchi chiqindilarni qo'shish orqali o'rganiladi. Tadqiqotning tsement tarkibidagi
kimyoviy bog'langan suv miqdorini aniqlashga qaratilgan.
Аннотация.
Эту статью написал Койтош Вольфрам, Галларольский район Джизакской области.
Состав цемента изучен путем добавления вторичных отходов шахты. Цель исследования – определение
количества химически связанной воды в цементе.
Annotation:
This article is written by Koytosh Wolfram, Ghallarol district, Jizzakh region The composition
of cement is studied by adding secondary waste from the mine part of the study is to determine the amount of
chemically bound water in cement talked about.
Kalit so'zlar:
Gidratsiya; kimyoviy bog'lanish; peroksin; gidrosilikatlar; gidroalyuminat; suv sement nisbati;
portlandsement; sement pastasi.
Ключевые слова:
гидратация; химическая связь; пероксин; гидросиликаты; гидроалюминат;
водоцементное соотношение; портландцемент; цементное тесто.
Key words
: hydration; chemical bond; peroxin; hydrosilicates; hydroaluminate; water cement ratio;
portland cement; cement paste.
Metallurgical slag is widely used in the production of cement in the construction materials
industry. Granulated and slow-cooling slags, as well as non-ferrous metallurgical slags, are used
for obtaining autoclave-hardening slag binders.
Slag-containing binders are divided into the following groups: portland cement, slag
portland cement, special types of slag portland cement, sulfate-slag, lime-slag and slag alkali.
The most important and most widely used binders of the above types for use in construction
work are portland cement and slag portland cement.
According to GOST 23464-79 [4], cements intended for general construction works in the
building materials production industry are divided into five types according to their appearance
and the amount of additives. The first type of Portland cement contains active mineral additives
up to 5%, and the second type of Portland cement contains 6...35% of mineral additives. The third
type of cement is slag portland cement, the clinker content of which is 80% humdon slag. The
fourth and fifth types of cements are appropriately included in the category of pussolan (with
21...55% pussolan admixture) and composite (36...80% with composite admixture) cements.
In the production of Portland cement, khumdon slag is used as a component of the raw
material mixture for clinker and active mineral additives. When granulated slag is used as an active
mineral additive in cement, the economic efficiency is several times higher than that of other raw
material components [5].
Slag is a ready-made raw material with a certain amount of mineral content. CaO in the
slag is strongly bound with various chemical compounds. When slag slurry is used, the
productivity of rotary kilns increases by 15...20%, the raw material consumption per 1 t of clinker
averages up to 12%, and the relative consumption of fuel decreases by 12...15%.
Portland cement
with humdon slag has high cold resistance. Slag reliably protects steel reinforcement in concrete
from rusting.
Slag portland cement granulated khumdon slag (25..80 %) and the required amount of
gypsum clinker are taken. It is known that electrothermophosphor slag can be used instead of
humdon slag in the production of slag portland cement.
Slag portland cement is one of the most effective binders, because in its production, a
significant part of the expensive clinker is replaced by relatively cheap granulated slag. As a result
of the use of humdon slag in the production of slag portland cement, fuel and energy costs per unit
of product are reduced by 1.5...2 times, and the cost is reduced by 25...30%.
The quantity of Al2O3,
MgO, TiO2 and MpO oxides in the quality of humdon slag used in the production of slag portland
cement is characterized by the quality coefficient. The high content of active minerals in slag
portland cement (C3S+C3A=65...75%) is the main reason for increasing the strength of portland
cement.
Slag and clinker components are involved in the process of hydration and solidification of
slag portland cement DST 25192-82[35]. In the initial process of hydration, as a result of
hydrolysis, silicate minerals turn into a saturated mixture of Ca(ON)2. In the process of
solidification of the mixture, together with the usual products, gel-like hydrate compounds are
formed, which are superior to low-base calcium hydrosilicate. Hardened slag portland cement
stone is characterized by a low amount of Ca(ON)2 crystals and a highly dense hydrosilicate gel
structure. This aspect characterizes the structure's high water permeability and resistance to
harmful environment. These properties expand the field of application of slag portland cement.
It is known that various wastes and harmful substances are released from production
enterprises. For example, from the nonferrous metallurgy industry nonferrous metal salts,
machine-building enterprises cyanites, beryllium compounds, margium, etc., from the chemical
industry gasoline, ether, phenol methyl acrylate, styrene, chlorobenzene, resins, etc., cellulose
ethyl alcohol from paper production enterprises., turpentine, phenol, etc., collect products from
plastic and synthetic rubber production enterprises that do not meet state standards, for example,
crumpled films, products with cracks, cracks and bumps on the surface of different diameters and
lengths it gets stuck. Such waste can be in liquid or solid form. There are many types of them,
different degrees of danger, they slowly accumulate over the years and pollute not only
atmospheric air, but also underground water.
Research of the strength of concrete and reinforced concrete structures made using
industrial waste as a binder is one of the current topics.The secondary waste of the tungsten mine
was crushed together with the clinker of the Jizzakh cement plant belonging to the Almalyk mining
and metallurgical combine, and additive cement was obtained, and the chemical, physical and
mechanical properties of this additive cement were studied. In addition, the chemical composition
of peroxide (Table 1) and the radiology laboratory of the Jizzakh Region Sanitary-Epidemiological
Peace and Public Health Service were examined, and it was determined that this waste is
radiologically suitable for use in construction in accordance with the requirements of SanQvaM
0193-06. Cement containing 15% and 20% peroxide was prepared for use in experiments.
The degree of grinding of cement powder is calculated as a percentage of the initial mass of
the sample, such as the residue on a sieve with a mesh size of 0.08. In accordance with the
requirements of RST Uz 761-96, as amended, the level of fineness of cement powder should be
such that at least 85% of the sample passes through a sieve with a mesh number 008, and the
residue on the sieve should not exceed 15% of the sample. Peroxin When we determined the
fineness of the waste cement, 90% of the sample passed through the sieve, and 10% remained in
the sieve. The results of the studies showed that 22-24% of water is required for cement to prepare
cement mud of standard density, and it was determined that the beginning of hardening is at the
level required by GOST 31108-2003(2).
4x4x16 cm sample molds were used to conduct the experiments, and their resistance to
compression and bending was studied.
The strength of cement with additives prepared in the laboratory was studied and the
following results were obtained (Table 1).
These samples were prepared by adding 1%, 5%, 15% and 20% to cement, and their strength
was determined in 28 days. The results of the experiment showed that the strength of the sample
prepared by adding 15% to cement was determined to be high.
Today, by adding peroxide waste as sand to the concrete composition, the cold resistance
properties of concrete with this additive are being studied.
REFERENCES:
1
.
Otaqo‘ziev T.A., Sement ishlab chiqarish texnologiyasi. 2018. Toshkent.
2. ГОСТ 6139-2003 Песок для испытаний цемента. Технические условия.
3. Texnik tadqiqotlar jurnali, 1 (2018). Toshkent sh. 33-35 b.
4. DST 5382-91. Sementlar va sementbop xom ashyolar;
5. Qo‘ldashev X., Negmatov Z.YU., Juraboev U. Mayda donali betonlar uchun ishlatiladigan mahalliy xom
ashyolarning asosiy tavsiflari;
ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ ОПЫТ ПРИ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИИ
ТЕРРИТОРИЙ РЕКРЕАЦИИ ПРИГОРОДОВ
О.З.УМАРОВ
(ТАСУ)
Основной
Основной
Основной
Основной
Основной
Основной
Основной
Основной
қўшимчасиз
1%
5%
15%
20%
Ряд 1
Столбец1
Столбец2
