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THE METHOD OF EXPLAINING WORDS
Mangitova is the daughter of Aziza Artiqbay
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute is a student of the Faculty of Turkish
Languages
"We must teach the young generation to learn independently. This is one of the
most important issues that our secondary schools need to solve."
Preparing students for independent education starts from primary grades. That
is why special attention is paid to this issue in the programs.
The lesson at school is the main form of organizing the educational process.
Therefore, the effectiveness of teaching the mother tongue directly depends on the
quality of the lesson.
General didactic requirements for the lesson are widely covered in pedagogical
literature. If they are applied to mother tongue teaching and methodical
clarifications are introduced, the requirements for mother tongue classes will be as
follows:
I. Giving new knowledge, applying it to speech practice and educating students
is a whole process. In the lesson, it is necessary to pay special attention to the
organization of students' educational activities, to the ideological-political,
aesthetic and artistic value of the language material used, to the formation of the
elements of worldview in the process of language learning. Necessary moral
qualities are brought up only in classes where the atmosphere of creative research
is created.
Special attention is paid to the education of love for the Uzbek language and a
careful attitude to words in the mother tongue classes. For this, the text is carefully
selected. In the process of language learning, lexical-stylistic work is given a great
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place. Along with poetry, simplified texts, high artistic texts are also used in the
lesson.
The accuracy and internal logic of the lesson, its goal-orientedness caused the
logic of the lesson to teach new material to a certain extent to influence the
linguistic phenomenon and its linguistic essence. It is important for the teacher to
be aware of this connection and gradually open it up with the students during the
tasks.
If the lesson has the goal of strengthening grammatical knowledge and forming
orthographic skills, then the logical conditions of the lesson reflect the system of
exercises that are gradually becoming more complicated. One or two exercises are
performed collectively so that children can learn a spelling rule well. When
students become more independent, they work on the exercise independently. The
characteristic of the skill that forms the connection between the exercises
performed in the lesson is also the reason. The matching of the educational
material to the topic and the purpose of the lesson ensures that it is aimed at the
goal. All learning materials used in the lesson (including the materials selected for
observation of language facts, spelling and speaking exercises) must be very
suitable for the purpose of the lesson.
III. The native language lesson is, first of all, a lesson to develop students'
speech and thinking. In order for the mother tongue lessons to be socially useful,
students should be focused on forming the ability to express their thoughts
grammatically correct, methodologically and coherently, and to give the opinions
of others. The teaching of speech development in native language classes requires
the use of methodical methods in the teaching of grammatical material that enable
students to learn the role of each word group or word part in our language, that is,
grammatical theory is a grammatical set. it is taught to develop the skills of clear
and clear speech, to develop the skills of understanding and writing in practice.
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The development of children's speech in the lesson is reflected in the content of the
lesson and the types of tasks used in the lesson.
Explaining the meaning of the word should take very little time and should not
distract students from the main topic of the lesson.
For this purpose, during the preparation for each lesson, the teacher determines
the words whose meaning needs to be explained, the most convenient ways to
explain them, and where to explain them in the lesson.
Before reading the text, some words that children do not know the meaning of,
which they meet for the first time in the texts of reading books.
In the process of reading the text, it is necessary to put an end to explaining the
meaning of words. If it is necessary to explain a word while reading the text
(without distracting the attention of the readers from the content of the text), the
meaning of this word is briefly explained.
Figurative words and figures of speech used figuratively are explained after
reading the text, because their meaning is better understood from the content of the
text and the context. Especially when reading parables, the allegorical,
metaphorical words in it cannot be explained before reading the work or during the
reading process.
The methodology uses the following methods of explaining words:
1. Explain the word based on the context. In this case, the word that students
do not understand is a sentence in which words that are understandable to them are
used (or
text) is explained using
2. Explain the meaning of the word using the dictionary and the explanation
given at the bottom of the text in textbooks. In this case, the students use the
explanation independently and understand the meaning of the word independently
it is important to teach to receive. There are many such comments in textbooks.
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3. Explain the meaning of the word using the synonym of this word.
For example, sabo is breeze, defense is protection, musician is musician,
country is homeland, building is construction, sky is sky. When explaining a word
by choosing a synonym, the stylistic (methodical) significance of this word is also
explained
it is necessary to show.
4. Explaining the concept expressed by an unfamiliar word by comparing it to
the concept expressed by a familiar word (its antonym). For example, it can be
explained by comparing the concept of indifferent to the concept of active, and the
word merov to the word tuygun (sezgir).
Words and phrases used figuratively, figurative tools, proverbs are also
explained using the method of comparison.
5. Explaining the word with a concept close to itself, that is, with a different
expression. The explanation of the word explained in this is short
and it should be clear. For example, arbitrary - at will
to act, to do the work as one wants; specialist - someone
a craftsman; shunkor - a long-flying sharp-eyed bird; mesh - mol
a vessel made of leather; meshkobchi - seller of water in the mesh.
Working on explaining the meaning of words expands students' vocabulary
and makes their speech more fluent.
List of used literature:
1. Abdurahmanova N. Interesting lesson activity. Journal of Primary Education
2004.
2. Abdullaeva Sh. Improving students' economic knowledge and skills using
interactive methods in elementary grades. Namangan. 2005 year.
3. Akramova B., G'ulomov H., Yuldasheva Sh., Shodmonkulova D.
4th grade mother tongue lessons.
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4. Azizkhojaeva N.N. Pedagogical technology and pedagogical skills. 2003
year. Tashkent.
5. Ибрагимов, A. (2021). Uzluksiz ta’lim tizimida barkamol avlodni
tarbiyalashda harakatli o ‘yinlarning o ‘rni. Общество и инновации, 2(12/S), 323-
326.
6. Раджапов, У. Р., & Мирахмедов, Ф. Т. (2018). Строго
регламентированные методы при обучении движениям и воспитании
физических качеств. Молодой ученый, (5), 185-187.
7. Hayitov, A. I., & Miltikboyeva, Z. (2022, May). METHODS OF
ORGANIZATION OF NATIVE LANGUAGE CLASSES IN PRIMARY
CLASSES ON THE BASIS OF INTERACTIVE METHODS. In E Conference
Zone (pp. 11-13).
8. Norov, I., & Uldawlet, D. (2021). Psychological mechanisms that increase
the effectiveness of the educational process.
